Question

【题目】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A recent report published online explains an uncommon phenomenon why people from East Asia tend to have more trouble than those from Europe in identifying facial expressions.

Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀地) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.

“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.”

According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.

The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.

It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”

In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.

【1】The discovery shows that Westerners_________.

A. consider facial expressions universally reliable

B. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth

C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways

D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions

【2】 What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to?

A. The participants in the study.

B. The researchers of the study.

C. The errors made during the study.

D. The data collected from the study.

【3】 In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to_________.

A. do translation more successfully

B. study the mouth more frequently

C. examine the eyes more attentively

D. read facial expressions more correctly

【4】 What can be the best title for the passage?

A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul.

B. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding.

C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills.

D. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】A

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

试题分析：本文通过一项研究告诉我们，东西方人关注别人面部表情方面的差异，东方人更关注眼神，西方人更为均衡。出现这一问题的主要原因在于东西方文化方面的差异。

【1】B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.”可知西方人更注意眼睛和嘴巴，而东方人更关注眼睛而忽略了嘴巴。故B项正确。

【2】A 词义猜测题。根据第五段内容可知研究人员对13名西方人和13名东方人进行了研究，发现东方人犯的错误更多，主要是因为东方人更多的关注眼睛。本句“The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions”参加研究的人表现出来的眼睛移动的文化差异反映在人们的面部表情方面的差异。所以they就是指这项研究中的参与者。故A正确。

【3】C 细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”可知东方人更在意对方的眼神。故C项正确。

【4】D 标题概括题。本文通过一项研究告诉我们，东西方人关注别人面部表情方面的差异，东方人更关注眼神，西方人更为均衡。出现这一问题的主要原因在于东西方文化方面的差异。故D项正确。