Question

【题目】Whether we’re 2 years old or 62, our reasons for lying are mostly the same: to get out of trouble, for personal gain and to make ourselves look better in the eyes of others. But a growing body of research is raising questions about how a child’s lie is different from an adult’s lie, and how the way we deceive changes as we grow.

“Parents and teachers who catch their children lying should not be alarmed. Their children are not going to turn out to be abnormal liars,” says Dr. Lee, a professor at the University of Toronto and director of the Institute of Child Study. He has spent the last 15 years studying how lying changes as kids get older, why some people lie more than others as well as which factors can reduce lying. The fact that children tell lies is a sign that they have reached a new developmental stage. Dr. Lee conducted a series of studies in which they bring children into a lab with hidden cameras. Children and young adults aged 2 to 17 are likely to lie while being told not to look at a toy, which is put behind the child’s back. Whether or not the child takes a secret look is caught on tape.

For young kids, the desire to cheat is big and 90% take a secret look in these experiments. When the test-giver returns to the room, the child is asked if he or she looked secretly. At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn’t. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show.

Researchers have found that it’s kids with better understanding abilities who lie more. That’s because to lie you also have to keep the truth in mind, which includes many brain processes, such as combining several sources of information and faking that information. The ability to lie — and lie successfully — is thought to be related to development of brain regions that allow so called “executive functioning”, or higher order thinking and reasoning abilities. Kids who perform better on tests that involve executive functioning also lie more.

【1】What’s the purpose of children telling lies?

A. To help their friends out.

B. To get rid of trouble.

C. To get attention from others.

D. To create a popular image.

【2】The underlined word “deceive” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “ ”.

A. tell lies B. handle troubles

C. raise questions D. do research

【3】From the second paragraph we can know that .

A. which factors can reduce lying

B. why some lie more than others

C. it is normal for kids to tell lies

D. how lying changes as kids grow

【4】 It can be inferred from the passage that .

A. children’s lies are the same as adults’

B. the better kids are, the more they lie

C. the older kids are, the more they lie

D. kids always keep the truth in their mind

【5】 What is NOT included in the passage?

A. The reasons why kids tell lies.

B. Which kind of kids tells more lies.

C. Experiments about lying of young kids.

D. What to do with lying children.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】A

【3】C

【4】C

【5】D

【解析】

试题分析：孩子说谎是不是一种很不好的品质？作者在文章中告诉我们：孩子说谎是很正常的现象。并通过一个实验分析了孩子说谎的原因。

【1】B 细节题。根据第一段1,2行our reasons for lying are mostly the same: to get out of trouble可知无论年龄大小，人们说谎都是让自己摆脱困境。故B正确。

【2】A 猜测词义题。本文讲述的是随着年龄的变化，人们说谎越来越多，只不过说谎的方法发生了变化。所以本句how the way we deceive changes as we grow.中的deceive应该和tell lies一样的含义。故A正确。

【3】C 推理题。根据第二段第一句“Parents and teachers who catch their children lying should not be alarmed. Their children are not going to turn out to be abnormal liars,可知当孩子说谎的时候，父母亲不要太紧张，这并不表示孩子变坏。也就是孩子说谎是正常的现象。故C正确。

【4】C 推理题。根据第三段最后At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn’t. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show.可知年龄越小，说谎的人越少，年龄越大，说谎的人越多。故C正确。

【5】D 细节题。本题使用排除法。文章第二、三段中叙述了孩子说谎的实验，排除C项；最后一段叙述了AB项，只有D项没有涉及到。