题目内容

Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, having grown by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. Denmark’s agriculture minister is herself an organic farmer. The UK market for organic food grew by 55 percent in 2000, while the food market as a whole grew by only one percent. Yet only seven percent of British shoppers account for nearly 60 percent of organic sales. However popular the idea of organic farming may be, it is still an interest for only a few people.
So what makes the idea of organic farming popular? Organic farming means farming with natural materials, rather than with man-made fertilizers or pesticides. Organic farmers rely on many  methods — such as crop rotation (农作物的轮作) and the use of resistant（有抵抗力的） varieties, because they are necessary for organic farmers to compensate for the shortage of man-made chemicals.
Organic farming is often supposed to be safer than traditional farming for the environment. Yet after a long research on organic farming worldwide for a number of years, science continues to be against this opinion. The House of Commons committee on agriculture publicized that, even with complete research work, it would fail to find any scientific evidence to prove “that any of claims （宣称） made for organic farming is always true”.
However, the talk about the benefits of organic farming is going on. This is partly because many people depend on their individual farm, the soil, the weather, and so on.
小题1:The first paragraph mainly tells us _____.
A．organic farming has been performed only in Europe over the past 10 years
B．governments of European countries have cared less about organic farming
C．organic farming is far from being as popular as expected
D．European countries need organic food more than the other countries in the world
小题2: The underlined words “compensate for” in the second paragraph probably mean “________”.
A．argue forB．care forC．struggle forD．pay for
小题3: What can we know about organic farming?
A．It refers to farming with natural materials, instead of chemical fertilizers.
B．It refers to farming with chemical fertilizers rather than natural fertilizers.
C．It refers to farming with soil rather than any other thing.
D．It refers to growing crops with man-made fertilizers and pesticides.
小题4:According to the third paragraph, _____.
A．organic farming is safer than traditional farming for the environment
B．the idea that organic farming is safer has not been proven by science
C．organic farming is accepted by the UK’s House of Commons committee
D．organic farming is preferred to traditional farming
小题5:Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?
A．The UK’s agriculture minister is an organic farmer.
B．Organic farming is popular with young people.
C．Farmers make use of many different kinds of methods to improve the organic sales system.
D．Ninety-three percent of British shoppers don’t buy organic products.

小题1:C
小题1:D
小题1:A
小题1:B
小题1:D
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For well over a thousand years, smallpox was a disease that everyone feared. The disease killed much of the native population in South America when the Spanish arrived there in the early sixteenth century. By the end of the eighteenth century, smallpox was responsible for about one in ten deaths around the world. Those who survived the disease were left with ugly scars on their skin.
It had long been well known among farmers that people who worked with cows seldom caught smallpox; instead, they often caught a similar but much milder disease called cowpox (牛痘) . A British doctor called Jenner was extremely interested in this, and so he studied cowpox. He believed that, by vaccinating (给接种疫苗) people with the disease, he could protect them against the much worse disease smallpox. In 1796, he vaccinated a boy with cowpox and, two months later, with smallpox. The boy did not get smallpox. In the next two years, Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way, and none of them got the disease．
News of the success of Jenner’s work soon spread. Vaccination soon became a common method to protect people against other diseases caused by virus, such as rabies (狂犬病), and vaccines were sent across the world to the United States and India.
It took nearly two centuries to achieve Jenner’s dream of getting free of smallpox from the whole world. In 1967, the world Health Organization (WHO) started a great vaccination program, and the last known case of smallpox was recorded in Somalia in 1977. The story of vaccinations does not end there, however. There are many other diseases that kill more and more people every year. Besides, many new diseases are being discovered. The challenge for medical researchers will, therefore, probably continue for several more centuries
小题1:Smallpox was so serious that _________________ by the end of l8th century
A．its death rate was up to ten percent
B．those who caught it were certain to die
C．one in ten people in the world died of smallpox
D．one in ten deaths in the world was caused by smallpox
小题2:Edward Jenner discovered that vaccination with cowpox could ____________.
A．make smallpox much milder
B．stop people from getting smallpox
C．protect people against any disease
D．prevent people’s scars after smallpox
小题3:Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A．The first experiment with cowpox was made by a British doctor.
B．After 1977 smallpox disappeared around the world according to WHO.
C．Vaccination had existed among ordinary farmers before being discovered.
D．Vaccination can be used to protect people in the world against not only smallpox.
小题4:The author of the passage thinks that _________________.
A．vaccinations bring many new problems
B．vaccinations end the spread of diseases
C．there is a long way to go to fight against diseases
D．there is a long way to go to discover new diseases
Baths have long been considered of medical importance to man. In Greece there are the ruins of a water system for baths built over 3,000 years ago. The Romans had warm public baths. In some baths, as many 3,000 persons could bathe at the same time.
Treating disease by taking bathing has been popular for centuries. Modern medical bathing first became popular in Europe and by the late 1700’s has also become popular in the United States.
For many years frequent bathing was believed to be bad for one’s health. Ordinary bathing just to keep clean was avoided, and perfume was often used to cover up body smells!
By the 1700’s doctors began to say that soap and water were good for health. They believed that it was good for people to be clean. Slowly, people began to bathe more frequently. During the Victorian Age of the late 19th century, taking a bath on Saturday night became comon.
In the United States ordinary bathing was slow to become popular. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, many Americans were known as “The Great Unwashed!” In one American city , for example, a person was only allowed to take a bath every thirty days! That was a law!
Frequency of bathing today is partly a matter of habit. People know that bathing for cleanliness is important to health, Doctors know that dirty bodies increase the chance of diseases. As a result, in the United States, people generally bathe often. Some people bathe once a day at least. They consider a daily bath essential to good health.
小题1:A water system for baths was built by _______ over 3,000 years ago.
A．the Romans B．the Greeks
C．the AmericansD．the Europeans
小题2:Dirty bodies can ______ .
A．ruin one’s businessB．cause disease
C．drive customers awayD．cause good health
小题3:In the 18th century doctors believed that being clean was     .
A．unimportantB．good for healthC．harmfulD．important
小题4:The underlined word perfume probably means     .
A．a sweet smelling substanceB．good health
C．a strange smelling substanceD．large wealth
小题5:Which of the following gives the main idea of the passage?
A．Everybody in America takes a daily bath.
B．We should often take baths
C．Taking baths has become popular in the world.
D．Bathing has become easier and cheaper.
Forgiving someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing. Several new studies, however, say that it could have a lot of health benefits. When you think of forgiveness, you probably don’t think of it as being a health or medical problem. Studies from Stanford University, on the other hand, show that something like anger can change your well-being.
When cartoon book characters like the Incredible Hulk get angry, they change colours and often gain special power. In the real world, anger is less obvious and may be more dangerous. That’s why Professor Fred Luskin, founder of the Stanford Forgiveness Project and author of Forgive for Good, says holding on to anger and hatred can harm your physical and mental health. Two new studies seem to show the same idea.
The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less depression. They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure, and fewer problems on sleeping.
So it doesn’t matter if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important. Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help. Or just ask yourself if it’s worth hurting yourself by staying angry with someone else.
Forgiveness does not mean that you simply accept what happened and say it’s OK. Instead, it’s a way of making peace with yourself about what happened in the past.
小题1: The author of the passage tries to make his viewpoint clear ______.
A．by raising his own examplesB．based on his own experience
C．by mentioning some studiesD．by mentioning some typical patients
小题2: The example of the cartoon book characters is taken in the passage to______.
A．support the viewpoint that anger and hatred harm physical and mental health
B．introduce a famous expert
C．let the reader know the different colours of cartoon faces
D．show how to control one’s temper
小题3:The underlined phrase“holding on to”in this passage possibly means“______”.
A．removingB．keeping upC．getting rid ofD．learning about
小题4: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage?
A．People who are able to forgive feel less stress.
B．People who are able to forgive feel less depression.
C．People who are able to forgive have fewer problems on sleeping.
D．People who are able to forgive feel less tired.
小题5:The best title for this passage is probably _______.
A．ForgivenessB．Forgiveness Is Good for Health
C．A Secret to Keeping HealthD．Anger Is Bad for Health
If teens could reduce the salt they take in every day by 3,000 milligrams (mg), they would cut their risk of heart disease and stroke(中风) greatly in adulthood, researchers say.
Based on the results of a computer modeling analysis, researchers found that a 3,000 mg reduction in sodium(钠) by teenagers could reduce hypertension by 30 percent to 43 percent when they become adults.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common condition that may have no symptoms for years, but can eventually cause serious health conditions, including heart attack and stroke.
Other benefits over time as teens hit 50 years of age include a 7-12 percent reduction in coronary heart disease(冠心病), an 8-14 percent reduction in heart attacks, and a 5-8 percent reduction in stroke.
Fast food typically contains too much sodium. One bag of Nacho Cheese Doritos has 310 milligrams. Pizza is one of the biggest problems for teens when it comes to sodium, according to data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
“The additional benefit of lower salt intake early is that we can hopefully change the expectations of how food should taste, ideally to something slightly less salty,” says Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, the lead author of the study and associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.
“Most of the salt we eat is not from our salt shaker(盐瓶), but salt that is already added in food that we eat.” she added.
小题1:Which is a benefit of a low sodium diet according to the text?
A．No risk of heart disease.B．Smaller chance of stroke.
C．Low blood pressure.D．Slightly more heart attacks.
小题2:According to the text, 3,000 mg less salt intake daily will reduce hypertension by ________ in adulthood.
A．7%-12% B．8%-14%C．30%-43%D．5%-8%
小题3:What does Dr Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo mean in the last two paragraphs?
A．A lower sodium diet can get teenagers used to less salty food.
B．A good eating habit can help teens have less junk food.
C．Teens should avoid pizzas and other salty foods.
D．We can add more salt from our salt shaker to the food.
小题4:Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Teens Cutting Salt for Healthier Adulthood
B．Diet and Health
C．Sodium Brings Health Concerns
D．A Cause of Hypertension
When you close your eyes and try to think of the shape of your own body, what you imagine (or rather, what you feel) is quite different from what you see when you open your eyes and look in the mirror. The image you feel is much vaguer（模糊的） than the one you see. And if you lie still, it is quite hard to imagine yourself as having any particular size or shape.
When you move, when you feel the weight of your arms and legs and the natural resistance of the objects around you, the “felt” image of yourself starts to become clearer. It is almost as if it were created by your own actions and the feelings they cause.
The image you create for yourself has rather strange proportions（部分）; certain parts feel much larger than they look. If you get a hole in one of your teeth, it feels enormous; you are often surprised by how small it looks when you inspect it in the mirror.
Although the “felt” image may not have the shape you see in the mirror, it is much more important. It is the image through which you recognize your physical existence in the world. In spite of its strange proportions, it is all one piece, and since it has a consistent(前后一致的) right and left and atop and bottom, it allows you to locate new feelings when they occur. It allows you to find your nose in the dark and point to a pain.
If the felt image is damaged for any reason—if it is cut in half or lost as it often is after certain strokes （中风）which wipe out recognition of one entire side –these tasks become almost impossible. What is more, it becomes hard to make sense of one’s own visual appearance. If one half of the “felt” image is wiped out or injured, the patient stops recognizing the affected part of his body. It is hard for him to find the location of feelings on that side, and, although he feels the doctor’s touch, he locates it as being on the undamaged side.
小题1:According to the passage the “felt” image       the mirror image.
A．is precisely the same asB．is as clear as
C．often differens fromD．is always much smaller than
小题2:Which the following staterants is NOT true?
A．The felt Image is much more important because it helps you locate new feelings.
B．When you are in bed with your eyes closed, it is not easy to imagine your image.
C．When you move, the “felt” image of yourself starts to become clearer.
D．The “felt” image is not so important as the mirror image.
小题3:If a man loses the ability to recognize his right side,           .
A．he can’t locate the doctor’s touch on his left side
B．he can’t locate the doctor’s touch on his right side
C．he loses his sense of touch on the left side
D．he loses feeling on both sides
小题4:What is this passage mainly about?
A．Stroke victims’“felt” imagesB．Stroke victims’ mirror images.
C．The importance of “felt” imagesD．The importance of mirror images.
I had about 10 minutes to exercise before I had to pick up my two older daughters from school yesterday. It was a busier day than usual for me with a couple of meetings besides my regular work.
Years ago, I would have put off my workout and would have left things for the next day. But since it was a busy day as well, I knew that I may not have all that much time either. So, I picked up my kettle-bell (哑铃) and went to town for 4 minutes.
See, 4 minutes, if that’s all you’ve got, is enough to give your body a great fat-burning exercise. How did I get a killer workout in 4 minutes? I used a training workout discovered 10 years ago by a Japanese Sports Scientist called a TABATA.
It includes 20-second periods of warm-up, followed by 10-second periods of rest and 4-minute straight exercise. How is a 4-minute exercise able to burn fat? It all depends on the quality of work you do. Not on the quantity. Here’s how I did it yesterday.
You should never forget your warm-up. A TABATA workout is 20 seconds of 2-arm Kettle-bell swings, 10 seconds rest, 20 seconds push-ups, and 10 seconds rest. You should do those 4 rounds. That’s it. I was done in a total time of 8 minutes by the time and when I got to school my heart was still pumping pretty hard.
A healthy body is needed for studying and working, and efficiency (效率) is the key to building a great body in the least amount (数量) of time possible and you can’t get more efficient than a 4-minute workout.
小题1:We can learn from the passage that the author ______.
A．is busy with his workB．has a weak body now
C．has two children in allD．is a manager in a film
小题2:The underlined phrase “went to town” in Paragraph 2 means “_______”.
A．put off doing somethingB．went to a very small city
C．did something with interestD．hated to do something
小题3:What is the most important thing in taking exercise according to the author?
A．The goalB．the qualityC．The quantityD．The method
Many grown-ups worry that spending too much time playing video games isn’t good for a kid’s health. But some doctors have noticed that kids who bring their game players to the hospital seem less worried about being there. They also seem to feel less pain when they are giving all their attention on a car race or other games.
At a children’s center in Baltimore, Maryland, young kids are finding hospital visits easier to deal with, thanks to a test program called HOPE. Patients in HOPE have a life-threatening condition where their kidneys(肾) no longer get rid of wastes from their blood. To get their blood cleaned, these kids must use the dialysis (透析) machines at the hospital three times a week, for at least three hours each time. HOPE allows kids to play Internet sports, racing, and other games with each other. They will be able to connect with kids in other hospitals who have the same problem. “We want to use the Internet to bring together kids who are ill, and let them know they are not alone,” said Arun Mathews, the doctor of the program. He loved video games himself and got the idea to connect kids all over the country.
Many researchers elsewhere are testing video programs that might help young patients. For example, nine-year-old Ben Duskin of San Francisco, California, who was struggling with cancer helped to design a video game where players got rid of cancer cells.
That’s all great news, because doctors already know that reducing pain and worry helps patients heal(痊愈) faster.
小题1:
According to the passage, the sick kids may feel less pain when they _________.
A．use the dialysis machinesB．are in a car race
C．are playing video gamesD．stay alone with illness
小题2:
HOPE allows the sick kids to play Internet games in order to _________.
A．encourage them to fight against the illnessB．get rid of their pain and worry
C．let the kids make more friends D．bring the kids in the country together
小题3:
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Grown-ups all think video games are bad for kids’ health.
B．Some doctors think video games may help the sick kids reduce pain.
C．The HOPE is a famous organization all over the world.
D．Arun Mathews is against the testing program.
小题4:
Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Video Games Are Bad for HealthB．Video Games May Help Reduce Pain
C．A Famous American OrganizationD．HOPE Allows Kids to Play Online Games
Treatment for HIV has become more widespread, especially in poorer countries. It's also become cheaper, as medicine companies have lowered their prices for life-saving anti-retroviral drugs(抗逆转录病毒药物). But these drugs are still expensive and many countries are looking to create the biggest impact with limited resources. That's where World Health Organization guidelines come in, says Rochelle Walensky, a disease researcher from Harvard.
Walensky and her colleagues used computer programs to model the most cost-effective disease interventions(干预), as well as collected data from clinics in Africa and India about what works best. They found that among the choices of what to do first, earlier anti-retroviral therapy (疗法)improved five-year survival dramatically and resulted in the longer life expectancy. But cost-effective doesn't always mean affordable, especially for governments in poor countries. Countries still have to make difficult choices about how much treatment they can afford.
People in Nairobi, Kenya on Thursday, Dec. 9, 2010, protest a potential free trade area agreement between the EU and India that could see cheap anti-AIDS drugs phased out（逐步淘汰）. However, Walensky notes that first-line anti-retrovirals—those medicine given to newly diagnosed patients that can keep away from symptoms for years - are much cheaper than they were a decade ago. "Second-line therapy have come down quite a bit but not to the level of first-line and countries are having a hard time affording them and increasingly over time, people are going to fail first-line therapy and they're going second-line therapy and then, eventually, they're going to need third-line therapy, some of them."
According to Walensky, history has shown that drug prices can come down when international pressure is applied to drug makers. But for now, she says, countries should focus on treating as many people as they can, as early as possible
Her paper is published in the online journal PLoS Medicine.
小题1: Which is the best title for the passage?
A．HIV Has Spread in Poorer Countries
B．Rochelle Walensky’s Life
C．International Pressure to Drug Makers
D．Early HIV Treatment Saves Lives
小题2: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Anti-retroviral drugs have become cheap now.
B．The cost-effective treatment may be a heavy expense.
C．Cheap anti-AIDS drugs have been phased out .
D．First-line therapy deals with the most severe disease.
小题3: The research is done by         .
A．using computer programs and collecting data from clinics
B．giving medicine to newly diagnosed patients with AIDS
C．urging countries to focus on treating more patients earlier
D．publishing her paper in the online journal PLoS Medicine
小题4: The passage serves as a（n）___________ to Rochelle Walensky 's study.
A．assessmentB．commentC．introductionD．background

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