题目内容

Most schools forbid chewing gum(嚼口香糖), but in a few years they might consider changing that rule. Why? Scientists are finding evidence that gum chewing may be good for your health. It may even help improve your test scores. This exciting research is just beginning. And in the meantime, companies are also experimenting with adding vitamins, minerals, medicines, and other substances that could give gum the power to cure headaches and fight everything from serious diseases to bad breath.
Other researchers are finding that gum might work better than a pill to deliver medicines and other substances into the bloodstream. That’s because the lining (膜) of our cheeks can absorb certain substances more quickly than our stomachs and intestines (肠) can. That discovery could help other researchers develop medicine-containing gums that fight colds, ease headaches, battle nervousness, and
more. Scientists might even create anti-microbial (抗菌的) gums that cure bad breath.
Those projects may take years, but gum scientists have already had at least one recent success: They’ve created a gum that could help us stay awake. Researchers have produced a gum called Stay Alert. Each stick has as much caffeine as a cup of coffee. It can take an hour for the caffeine in coffee to have its full effect, but the caffeine in Stay Alert hits in just a few minutes. The gum is easy to transport and it’s stable in cold and hot climates. Unlike a pill, it doesn’t require water to swallow. Those qualities make it easy for soldiers to use. For now, Stay Alert is available only to the military (军队). The manufacturer may one day offer it for sale to the public. People who work at night, such as truck drivers and medical personnel who ride in ambulances, might benefit from a product like Stay Alert.
小题1:The passage mainly talks about _____.
A．the rule of forbidding chewing gum in school
B．new research on chewing gum
C．different kinds of chewing gum
D．the relationship between chewing gum and medicine
小题2:What does the underlined word “hits” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．Touches. B．Attacks.C．Takes effect. D．Affects badly.
小题3:According to the passage, Stay Alert is a gum which can help people _____.
A．stay awakeB．fight colds
C．cure headachesD．overcome nervousness
小题4:It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A．stay Alert is not easy to store
B．stay Alert needs water to swallow
C．stay Alert is available to the public now
D．we can’t buy gums which cure bad breath now

小题1:A
小题1:A
小题1:C
小题1:C
小题1:C

小题1:根据Most schools forbid chewing gum(嚼口香糖),及下文描述,可知本文主要是谈论学校内禁止吃口香糖的规定,故选A
小题1:根据上文It can take an hour for the caffeine in coffee to have its full effect, but the caffeine in Stay Alert 描述,可知选A,接触.
小题1:根据第一段and other substances that could give gum the power to cure headaches 描述,可知选C
小题1:根据For now, Stay Alert is available only to the military (军队). The manufacturer may one day offer it for sale to the public.描述,可知选C
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My alarm o’clock rings in my ears at 5:00 every morning. On hearing the ring, I will get out of bed and put on my glasses. The house is quiet as I walk downstairs while my husband and three kids sleep in peace. Instead of going for a long run as usual, today I chose my favorite exercise DVD and started moving. Sweat rolled down my face and into my eyes. My heart beat wildly as I face my body to finish each movement before a mirror. Of course I felt extremely tired towards the end, but a smile spread across my face. I smiled because the DVD was over, and there appeared a brighter smile of success from pushing my body to its extreme limit.
While some people are fond of chocolate, shopping, smoking, or work, what I need is taking exercise to pass each day. People shake their heads when they see me run with sweating heavily through the town. Some look surprised when I refuse to try just one bite of chocolate cake. They seem greatly puzzled by my “no thank you,” or by my choice to just have a vegetable salad. I have come to realize that it doesn’t matter to just say “No.” to any kind of food that I don’t want to eat.
Do you wonder what drives me to roll out of bed at 5:00 a.m. every morning? What makes me refuse ice cream firmly? Commitment—I’m determined to change my life with a way which can not only free me from daily anxiety, but also increase energy and self–confidence. And above all it will surely help me to keep good body shape and maybe extend my life. This is the real reason why there’s a huge smile spreading across my face when I look at myself in the mirror or try on my favorite pair of jeans that now fit me just right and look perfectly on me. I never doubt that I cannot make a difference within myself inside and out without such commitment and sweat.
小题1:From the text we can conclude that the author___________.
A．desires to look different from others.
B．expects to develop a good body shape.
C．has difficulty getting along with others.
D．behaves strangely every morning she gets up
小题2:Which statement is TRUE according to Paragraph 2 ?
A．Others don’t understand the author.
B．Others help the author by offering her food.
C．The author doesn’t understand others.
D．The author hates to make others surprised.
小题3:The underlined word “commitment” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A．good healthB．firm beliefC．a habitD．a permission
小题4:Why is there a smile on the author’s face in the morning?
A．Because she sees her family sleeping peacefully.
B．Because she finishes her favorite exercise.
C．Because she enjoys the inspiring DVD music.
D．Because she feels a sense of achievement

If you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.
While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those deaths, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.
Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.
You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard an another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!
Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict. If you are easily influenced by Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.
小题1:The first sentence in Para. 1 implies that ______.  
A．onemaybeangeredbymediareportsandwantstoavoidthem
B．themediacoinedtheterm“RoadRage”onlyafewmonthsago
C．RoadRagehasreceivedmuchmediacoverageinthelastfewmonths
D．peoplenotinterestedinthemediaknowlittleaboutrecenthappenings
小题2:The underlined word “spell” in Para. 3 means ________.
A．relieveB．causeC．spreadD．prevent
小题3:Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?
A．Talking while driving.
B．Driving at high speed.
C．Sounding the horn when passing.
D．Shouting at another driver.
小题4:The last paragraph is intended to _________.
A．tellpeoplehowtodealwithRoadRage
B．informpeoplehowaggressivedriverscouldbe
C．showpeoplehowtocontrolthemselveswhenangry
D．warnpeopleagainsteyecontactwithanotherdriver
Health experts have long worried about the increasing rate of obesity in kids. It’s an important concern: Being very overweight or obese during childhood can lead to serious problems normally seen in adults, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Poor diets and a lack of exercise are usually the causes. But would you ever have imagined there might be a connection between the bacteria that lived in your guts （内脏）when you were a baby and the chance that you would become overweight?
Scientists in Finland recently found just such a link. In a recent study, they showed that overweight kids had different species of bacteria living in their guts.
You probably think of bacteria only as germs that can make you sick. While it’s true that some bacteria can make people ill, your body actually depends on some types of bacteria to help you digest food and extract nutrients from it. These “good” bacteria live in your guts, where they process the food you eat.
Human babies get these bacterial helpers from their moms. When a baby is born, some of the bacteria in the mother move into the baby’s body. Growing babies get additional “good” bacteria from the milk their mothers produce. And it turns out the bacteria might play an important role in regulating weight just six years later.
So how could these bacteria affect weight? The researchers still haven’t tested that question, but future tests might lead to an answer.
小题1:The “link” in Paragraph 2 refers to the relationship between _______.
A．bacteria and the chance of being overweightB．obesity and diabetes
C．diets and the chance of being overweightD．bacteria and exercise
小题2:Which of the following is NOT the function of “good” bacteria?
A．Helping to digest food.B．Helping to take nutrients from food.
C．Helping to regulate weight.D．Making a person ill.
小题3:The purpose of writing this passage is to _______.
A．introduce the role of bacteria in children’s weight
B．analyze the influence of obesity on kids
C．give advice on how to lose weight quickly
D．explain the function of bacteria in foods
It is obvious that doctors recognize obesity as a health problem. So why is it so hard for them to talk to their patients about it?
The results of two surveys, one of primary care physicians and the other of patients, found that while most doctors want to help patients lose weight and think it is their responsibility to do so, they often don’t know what to say.
“So while doctors may tell patients they are overweight, the conversation often ends there,” said Christine C. Ferguson, director of the Stop Obesity Alliance. “Patients are not told about the possibility of diabetes (糖尿病),” she said. “And doctors don’t feel they have good information to give. They felt that they didn’t have adequate tools to address this problem.
The lack of dialogue hurts patients, too. The patient survey, of over 1,000 adults, found that most overweight patients don’t even know that they’re too heavy. Only 39 percent of overweight people surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were overweight.
Of those who were told they were obese, 90 percent were also told by their doctors to lose weight, the survey found. In fact most have tried to lose weight and may have been successful in the past—and many are still trying, the survey found. And many understand that losing even a small amount of weight can have a positive impact on their health and reduce their risk of obesity­related diseases like hypertension and diabetes.
Dr. William Bestermann Jr., medical director of Holston Medical Group, in Kingsport, Tenn. , which ranks the 10th in obesity among metropolitan areas in the United States, said the dialogue had to be an ongoing one and could not be dropped after just one mention of the problem. “If you’re to be successful with helping your patients lose weight, you have to talk to them at actually every visit about their progress, and find something to encourage them and coach them,” he said.
He acknowledged that many doctors tend to be not optimistic.
“Part of this is that there’s this common belief, and doctors are burdened by it, too, that overweight people are weak-willed and just don’t have any willpower and are self­indulgent and all that business,” he said. “If you think that way, you’re not going to spend time having a productive conversation.”
小题1:What is the Stop Obesity Alliance most probably in Paragraph 3?
A．An organization of doctors suffering from obesity.
B．An organization of patients suffering from obesity.
C．A research group that conducts special surveys about overweight people.
D．A research group dealing with doctor-patient relationship.
小题2:How many of the patients surveyed have been advised by their doctors to lose weight?
A．About 350.B．About 390.
C．About 900.D．About 1,000.
小题3:What can be inferred about obesity patients in Paragraph 5?
A．They are not as hopeless as doctors think they are.
B．Most of them have tried hard to lose weight, but in vain.
C．Without their doctors’ constant coaching, there is little chance of their succeeding in losing weight.
D．Most of them have just given up their hope of becoming less heavy.
小题4:According to the passage, which factor contributes to the lack of dialogue between doctors and patients?
A．Most doctors never think of warning their patients about their weight problem.
B．Many doctors find it difficult to persuade overweight people to lose weight.
C．Most patients are too weak-willed to do anything about their weight.
D．Many patients tend not to trust their doctors about their weight problem.
小题5:Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Obesity in the U. S.
B．Trouble of overweight Americans.
C．Talk more, help better.
D．Doctors or patients---who to bear more blame?[
The research carried out by the University of Bad in Italy could help prove hospitals who are accused of wasting money on art and decoration as it suggests a pleasant environment helps patients ease discomfort and pain.
A team headed by Professor Marina de Tommaso at the Neurophysiopathology
Pain Unit asked a group of men and women to pick the 20 paintings they considered
most ugly and most beautiful from a selection of 300 works by artists such as
Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli. They were then asked to look at either the beautiful paintings, or the ugly painting, or a blank panel while the team zapped(照射) a short laser pulse at their hand, creating a sensation as if they had been stuck by a pin. The subjects rated the pain as being a third less intense while they were
viewing the beautiful paintings, compared with when looking at the ugly paintings
or the blank panel. Electrodes measuring the brain's electrical activity also confirmed a reduced resoonse to the pain when the subject looked at beautiful paintings.
While distractions, such as music, are known to reduce pain in hospital patients,Prof de Tommaso says this is the first result to show that beauty plays a part.
The findings, reported in New Scientist, also go a long way to show that
beaufiful surroundings could aid the healing process.
"Hospitals have been designed to be functional, but we think that their artistic aspects should be taken into account too," said the neurologist."Beauty boyiously offers a distraction that ugly paintings do not. But at least there is no suggestion that ugly surroundings make the pain worse. I think these results show that more research is needed into the field how a beautiful environment can alleviate suffering."
Pictures they liked included Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh and Botticellis Birth of Venus. Pictures they found ugly included works by pablo Picasso, the Italian 20th century artist Anonio Bueno and Columbian Fernando Botero." These people were not art experts so some of the pictures they found ugly would be considered masterpieces by the art world," said Prof de Tommaso.
小题1:The underlined word "alleviate" in the fifth paragraph probably means"______".
A．cureB．easeC．improveD．kill
小题2:How many artists have been mentioned in the passage?                    
A．4.B．5.C．6.D．7.
小题3: Which of the following is TURE about the view of Prof de Tommaso's?
A．Beautiful surroundings could help to heal sufferings completely.
B．Hospitals must take their artistic aspects into consideration first.
C．Ugly surroundings will surely make the pain worse.
D．Both music and beauty can reduce pain in hospital patients.
小题4:From the last paragraph, we know that_______.
A．some artists' paintings were beautiful, so they were masterpieces
B．only art experts could judge they were masterpieces or not, though ugly
C．the artists mentioned above were not really art masters.
D．some of them were art masters, while others were not.
小题5:Which of the following is the suitable title for the passage?
A．Beautiful surroundings can ease pain.
B．Ugly paintings could be masterpieces.
C．More research should be done in he field.
D．Latest environmental research.
You'd be forgiven for thinking that running after children each day would leave parents in the best shape of their lives.But a study has found that the mothers and fathers of young children are more unhealthy than their childless peers(同龄人）.
Mothers with young children are heavier and eat more calories and fatty foods,and consume more sugary dinks than chidless women,scientists said.And both sexes are less active than those in their age group without children.
Parents often choose quick,easily preparesd foods that are high in fat and calories,and by choosing these foods they may in turn serve them to their children,forming a cycle of unhealthy diet.
Dr.Berge,one of the study authors,said:“This isn't a study about blame,this is about spotting a very high-risk time period for parents that doctors should be aware of ,so they can offer solutions(解决办法）.”
According to the study ,mothers ate more fatty foods and drank about seven sugary drinks weekly,equal to about four chidless women.They also had an average of 2,360 calories daily,368 calories more than women without children,With that many calorise,women that age would need to be active to avoid to avoid gaining weight.
Fathers ate about the same amount of daily calories childless men and both had an average boby-mass index(指数）,but fathersgot less physical activity—about five hours weekly ,compared to almost seven hours among chidless men.
The study has several limitations－there's no data on how many women reccently had babies.Ther's also no information on the number of single parents,who likely face diet and exercise challenges.Sarah Kriger,an American dietician who works with new mothers said some of the mothers may have had postpartum(产后）depression,which might affect their eating and exercise habits.
小题1:What does the author mainly aim to tell us in the passage?
A．Childless couples live a much happier life than those with children.
B．Mothers will be unhealthy because of the postpartum deprdession
C．Couples of young children eat more fatty foods and lead unhealthier lives.
D．Fathers tend to eat high calorie foods because they should run after thrie children.
小题2:The underlined part“in the best shape”in the first paragraph means that a person  .
A．is busy and tiresB．has a most harmonious family
C．enjoys the most happinessD．is in the most healthy condition
小题3:Which of the following is NOT mentioned about mothers with children?
A．They are less active
B．They eat unhealthy foods
C．They may feel unhappy aftre having babies
D．They may lose their jobs aftre having babies
小题4:What Dr.Berge says in Paragraph 4 suggests that    .
A．Parents should pay more attention to their chidren
B．doctors should do something with parents'high-risk time period
C．the study has drawn attention of doctors and young parents
D．parents should not be blamde for having an unhealthy lifestyle
小题5:We can learn from the last paragraph that      .
A．the result of the study result in aan unscientific way
B．the study was carried out in an unscientific way
C．single mothers are surely facing quyite different situation
D．postpartum depression will help mothers to lead a healthier lirf
 The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is a plague that man receives.
The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated Arctic regions, explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contract again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War, soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet, seldom caught colds.
In the Second World War, prisoners at Auschwitz concentration camp, naked and starved, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.
At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in a room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in winter? Despite the most hard research, no one has yet found out the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and that makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain-killers such as aspirin, but all that they do is to relieve the symptoms.
小题1:The writer offered ___ examples to support his argument.
A．4B．5C．6D．3
小题2:Arctic explorers may catch colds when___.
A．they are working in the isolated Arctic regions
B．they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C．they are free from work in the isolated Arctic regions
D．they are coming into touch again with the outside world
小题3:Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit___.
A．suffered a lotB．never caught colds
C．often caught coldsD．became very strong
小题4:The passage mainly discusses___.
A．the experiments on the common cold
B．the fallacy about the common cold
C．the reason and the way people catch colds
D．the continued spread of common colds
In the United States, 30 percent of the adult (成年人) population has a “weight problem”. To many people, the case is clear: we eat too much. But scientific evidence（证据）does little to support the idea. Going back to the America of 1910, we find that people were thinner than today. Yet they ate more food. In those days, people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less, and didn’t watch TV.
Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fat people do not eat more on average (平均) than thinner people. In fact, some investigations (调查), such as a 1990 study of 3,545 London office workers, show that fatter people eat less than slimmer people.
Studies show that slim people are more active than fat people. A study by a research group of Stanford University School of Medicine found the following interesting facts:
The more the men ran, the more fat they lost.
The more they ran, the more they ate.
Thus, those who ran the most ate the most, yet lost the greatest amount of body fat.
小题1:What kind of physical problem do many adult Americans have?
A．They are too thin.B．They work too hard.
C．They are too fat.D．They lose too much fat.
小题2:Which of the following words can take the place of the word “slim” in this passage?
A．poorB．thinC．healthyD．rich
小题3:Compared with the adult American population today, the Americans of 1910 ______.
A．ate more food and had more activitiesB．ate less food but had more activities
C．ate less food and had less physical activitiesD．had more weight problems
小题4:What have modern medical and scientific researches reported to us?
A．Fat people eat less food and are less active.
B．Fat people eat more food than slim people but are less active.
C．Fat people eat more food than slim people but are more active.
D．Thin people run less, but have greater increase in food intake.

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