题目内容

Health experts have long worried about the increasing rate of obesity in kids. It’s an important concern: Being very overweight or obese during childhood can lead to serious problems normally seen in adults, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Poor diets and a lack of exercise are usually the causes. But would you ever have imagined there might be a connection between the bacteria that lived in your guts （内脏）when you were a baby and the chance that you would become overweight?
Scientists in Finland recently found just such a link. In a recent study, they showed that overweight kids had different species of bacteria living in their guts.
You probably think of bacteria only as germs that can make you sick. While it’s true that some bacteria can make people ill, your body actually depends on some types of bacteria to help you digest food and extract nutrients from it. These “good” bacteria live in your guts, where they process the food you eat.
Human babies get these bacterial helpers from their moms. When a baby is born, some of the bacteria in the mother move into the baby’s body. Growing babies get additional “good” bacteria from the milk their mothers produce. And it turns out the bacteria might play an important role in regulating weight just six years later.
So how could these bacteria affect weight? The researchers still haven’t tested that question, but future tests might lead to an answer.
小题1:The “link” in Paragraph 2 refers to the relationship between _______.
A．bacteria and the chance of being overweightB．obesity and diabetes
C．diets and the chance of being overweightD．bacteria and exercise
小题2:Which of the following is NOT the function of “good” bacteria?
A．Helping to digest food.B．Helping to take nutrients from food.
C．Helping to regulate weight.D．Making a person ill.
小题3:The purpose of writing this passage is to _______.
A．introduce the role of bacteria in children’s weight
B．analyze the influence of obesity on kids
C．give advice on how to lose weight quickly
D．explain the function of bacteria in foods

小题1:A
小题1:D
小题1:A
小题1: A。从第一段的最后一句可知答案是A。
小题1: D。D项不属于“good” bacteria的作用。
小题1: A。本文作者主要介绍了bacteria对于孩子体重状况所起的作用，因此A项符合作者意图。
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Now, we know that if we do not get enough vitamins, we are at risk of developing a number of diseases. As a result, vitamin supplements（补品），though expensive, are popular with people who worry that they are not getting enough vitamins from the foods they eat. But contrary to what many people think, medical experts have found little evidence that most supplements do anything to improve health or protect against disease.
In fact, medical experts warn that taking too many of some vitamins can be harmful. For example, too much vitamin E can cause bleeding. People should discuss what vitamins they take with their doctors, as some vitamins can produce harmful side effects when mixed with medicines.
Experts, however, do say that sometimes vitamins can help prevent disease. People who know they lack a particular vitamin should take vitamin supplements. Some older adults, for example, may not have enough vitamin B-twelve. This is because, as people get older, their body loses its ability to take it from foods. Also, people who spend much time inside may need some extra vitamin D as the skin makes this vitamin from sunlight.
Different vitamins are found in different foods. Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil. It also is in the yellow part of eggs. Sweet potatoes, carrots and other darkly colored fruits and vegetables contain substances that the body can change into vitamin A. Vitamin B-twelve is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods, like fruits. Vitamin K can be found in pork products.
In fact, for most people, a balanced diet can ensure enough of the vitamins our bodies need. So, it is important for us to eat a mixture of foods every day to ensure that we get enough vitamins our bodies need.
小题1:Vitamin supplements are popular with people because ________. 
A．people mistakenly think that they are good for their health
B．they contain more vitamins than the foods people eat
C．food does not provide enough vitamins people need
D．people fear that a lack of vitamins will lead to disease
小题2:From the passage, we can learn that medical experts advise people _________.
A．never to take any vitamin supplements
B．to depend only on food for their vitamins
C．not to take any vitamins together with medicines
D．to consult doctors before taking vitamin supplements
小题3:For people who lack Vitamin B-twelve, they can eat more from _______.
A. sweet potatoes   B. pork products   C. green leafy vegetables  D. eggs
42. What would be the best title of the passage?
A. Getting enough vitamins through a balanced diet.
B. Vitamin supplements do harm to our health.
C. Vitamins are important to our health.
D. Lacking vitamins can cause many diseases.

You feel generally depressed and unable to concentrate. Your pattern of daily activity may change：you find yourself awake and active in the middle of the night；you sleep late into the day.  You stay in your room and have little contact with people except with those who speak your language. In your mind，you criticize the people around you；You are constantly comparing between life here and the perfect life back home. Above a11, you are homesick almost all the time.
If you ever find yourself behaving in these ways，you are probably suffering from culture shock. Culture shock is a psychological condition that sometimes has physical effects. It affects people who have moved away from an environment where they know how to live into a new environment where much is unfamiliar to them-the food，the weather, the language，and especially the unwritten rules for social behavior.
Culture shock is caused. therefore，by a lack of familiarity with the system of rules that the new society uses for everyday living. Language is an obvious example of one type of these rules. If your language is limited，even the simplest task can suddenly become difficult for you. However, knowledge of the language doesn’t make you free from the effects of culture shock as many Britons in the United States and many Americans in Britain will experience. Most people are unaware that each culture has its own rules for social behavior；they certainly think that polite， civilized people behave the same way worldwide. This mistaken belief will cause you to behave and judge the behavior of others according to the rules you learned as a member of your own culture. If the rules are different, then people will misunderstand your behavior, and you will misunderstand theirs.
How can you deal with culture shock? First, you need to realize that every newcomer suffers from some culture shock. You’re not the only case. Second，remember that culture shock can be cured. The process of recovery will start as you begin to become used to the new culture. Of course learning the language will help remove the obstacles to communication and will ease the job of making Mends with people. Recognizing and learning the new cultural rules of behavior, however, may be just as important. You’ll still have emotional reactions to unfamiliar situations but you’11 find yourself making jokes about them rather than condemning the entire society as “stupid.” The jokes are a good sign：they show that you are recovering.
小题1:What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?
A．the causes of culture shock
B．some signs of culture shock
C．the cure for culture shock
D．an explanation of culture shock
小题2:What does the underlined word obstacles mean?
A．things that make a task easy
B．things that make at ask enjoyable
C．things that make a task difficult
D．things that make at ask funny
小题3:What can be concluded when you find yourself making jokes about new culture?
A．You are about to recover from culture shock.
B．You have completely got rid of culture shock.
C．You never suffered from culture shock before.
D．You’re in culture shock for many years.
小题4: Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．The passage suggests that culture shock makes you miss your family badly.
B．A good knowledge of the language will prevent you suffering from culture shock.
C．In the writer’s opinion，the social rules for polite，civilized behavior are international.
D．If you have a perfect knowledge of their language, you will never be misunderstood.
I'm fat. I'm too skinny. I'd be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curly hair, straight hair, a smaller nose, bigger muscles, longer legs. Do any of these statements sound familiar? Do you often put yourself down? If so, you're not alone. As a teen, you're going through a ton of changes in your body. And as your body changes, so does your image (形象) of yourself. Lots of people have trouble getting used to it and this can affect their confidence.
Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. But actually all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself.
The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it comes in. If you're very worried about your weight or size, go to your doctor to check that things are OK. But it's no one's business but your own what your body is like-finally, you have to be happy with yourself.Next, find which aspects of your appearance you can change and which you can't change and need to accept-like their height, for example, or their shoe size.
If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can do this by making goals for yourself. For example, if you want to get fit, make a pan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods.
When you hear negative comments coming from within yourself, tell yourself to stop. Try building your confidence by listing three things in your day that really gave you pleasure. It can be anything like the way the sun felt on your face, the sound of your favorite band, or the way someone laughed at your jokes.
小题1:. From the first paragraph, we can infer that _________.
A．most teens like to have a special body image
B．many teens can't accept their body change easily
C．teens prefer to change their body image quickly
D．teens usually change their opinions on their body image
小题2:. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A．Realize you can't change everything about yourself.
B．Change the way other people look at you.
C．Go to your doctor for advice on how to change your body.
D．Learn from some celebrities on how to change your body.
小题3:. The underlined phrase "put yourself down" in the first paragraph probably means_____.
A．make yourself fall down B．say negative things about yourself
C．force yourself to do something D．write down your name somewhere
小题4:. The passage is mainly about_______.
A．how to adjust to the changes of your body
B．how to build confidence by changing your body
C．how to keep an attractive body image
D．how to find pleasure in your day
Do you have a sore throat, a running nose and a headache? Do you keep coughing and sneezing? If you do, the chances are that you have a cold or perhaps flu--- but which one? Although both colds and flu are caused by viruses, they are very different illnesses.
Colds, which usually last about a week, affect the nose most. They commonly cause a runny nose and sneezing. Sometimes, they cause a headache, a cough and slightly aching muscles.
Flu is much more serious illness and is caused by different group of viruses. People with flu usually get all the symptoms described above. However, they also get a high fever, a dry cough and much worse aching. Fever is one of the typical symptoms of the flu for all ages. The symptoms also last much longer. Sometimes they don’t disappear for at least two weeks.
Flu can be a deadly disease. The elderly, who are weaker and less healthy than most younger people, can die from flu. This is one reason why old people are advised to have a flu injection before the start of winter when flu is most common. This injection is inexpensive and definitely worth it.
If you have a cold or flu, you must always deal with used tissues carefully. Don’t leave dirty tissues on your desk or on the floor. Someone else has to pick these up and viruses could be passed on. And finally, remember to cover your nose and mouth when you sneeze！You don’t want to see the small drop of liquids blown out of your nose and mouth when you sneeze, do you? Disgusting, eh? Now you can understand why it’s a good idea to cover your nose and mouth when you sneeze!
小题1: In paragraph 4, we learn that ______.
A．flu injection can cause deathB．most old people die from flu
C．flu is most common in summerD．flu can kill old people easily
小题2:Dealing with used tissues properly is important because ______.
A．it helps keep your classroom tidyB．people hate picking up dirty tissues
C．it prevents the spread of colds and fluD．picking up lots of tissues is hard work
小题3:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Both colds and flu last the same time.
B．Both colds and flu can be prevented by injection.
C．Both colds and flu are caused by the same viruses.
D．Both colds and flu have an aching symptom.
小题4:Which is probably the best title for the passage?
A．Cold or Flu?B．The Different Symptoms of a Cold and Flu
C．Prevention Is Better Than CureD．Cover Your Nose and Mouth When Sneezing
Most schools forbid chewing gum(嚼口香糖), but in a few years they might consider changing that rule. Why? Scientists are finding evidence that gum chewing may be good for your health. It may even help improve your test scores. This exciting research is just beginning. And in the meantime, companies are also experimenting with adding vitamins, minerals, medicines, and other substances that could give gum the power to cure headaches and fight everything from serious diseases to bad breath.
Other researchers are finding that gum might work better than a pill to deliver medicines and other substances into the bloodstream. That’s because the lining (膜) of our cheeks can absorb certain substances more quickly than our stomachs and intestines (肠) can. That discovery could help other researchers develop medicine-containing gums that fight colds, ease headaches, battle nervousness, and
more. Scientists might even create anti-microbial (抗菌的) gums that cure bad breath.
Those projects may take years, but gum scientists have already had at least one recent success: They’ve created a gum that could help us stay awake. Researchers have produced a gum called Stay Alert. Each stick has as much caffeine as a cup of coffee. It can take an hour for the caffeine in coffee to have its full effect, but the caffeine in Stay Alert hits in just a few minutes. The gum is easy to transport and it’s stable in cold and hot climates. Unlike a pill, it doesn’t require water to swallow. Those qualities make it easy for soldiers to use. For now, Stay Alert is available only to the military (军队). The manufacturer may one day offer it for sale to the public. People who work at night, such as truck drivers and medical personnel who ride in ambulances, might benefit from a product like Stay Alert.
小题1:The passage mainly talks about _____.
A．the rule of forbidding chewing gum in school
B．new research on chewing gum
C．different kinds of chewing gum
D．the relationship between chewing gum and medicine
小题2:What does the underlined word “hits” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．Touches. B．Attacks.C．Takes effect. D．Affects badly.
小题3:According to the passage, Stay Alert is a gum which can help people _____.
A．stay awakeB．fight colds
C．cure headachesD．overcome nervousness
小题4:It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A．stay Alert is not easy to store
B．stay Alert needs water to swallow
C．stay Alert is available to the public now
D．we can’t buy gums which cure bad breath now
A growing number of health, hunger, and sustainable （可持续的）agriculture groups today announced plans for Food Day-a nationwide campaign to change the way Americans eat and think about food．Food Day will encourage people around the country to sponsor or participate in activities that encourage Americans to “eat real” and support healthy, affordable food grown in a sustainable, humane way．
Organizers hope Food Day will inspire Americans to hold thousands of events in schools, college campuses, houses of worship and even in private homes aimed at fixing America’s food system．A Food Day event could be as small as a parent organizing a vegetable identification contest at a kindergarten class-or as massive as a rally（集会）in a city park, with entertainment and healthy food．Health departments, city councils and other policy makers could use Food Day to launch campaigns, hold hearings, or otherwise address communities food problems．
The campaign will advocate progress toward five central goals:
·Reducing diet-related disease by promoting healthy foods．The American diet is too low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and too high in fatty meat, soft drinks and salty packaged and restaurant foods-contributing to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths each year．
·Supporting sustainable farms and stopping subsidies to agribusiness．Billions of federal dollars a year would be better spent helping environmentally conscious family farmers than hugeagribusiness operations．
·Expanding access to food and alleviating hunger．Far too many Americans don’t know where their next meal is coming from, or have access to fresh produce in their neighborhood．
·Reforming factory farms to protect animals and the environment．Farming of animals can and should be done without cruelty, and without degrading the quality of life．
·Curbing junk-food marketing to kids．Food companies should not be targeting children with foods that promote tooth decay, obesity and other health problems．
小题1:What is the best title of the text?
A．Food Day CampaignB．Eat Real and Keep fit
C．How to Observe Food DayD．Food Problems in the USA
小题2:What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Food problems are not easy to deal with．
B．Food Day events should be held in public places．
C．Kindergarten kids are unable to identify vegetables．
D．People are invited to create their own Food Day events．
小题3:One of the aims of Food Day is to ____．
A．target children with junk foodB．operate more agribusiness
C．increase access to foodD．cancel a series of events
小题4:The underlined word "curbing" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “          ”．
A．controllingB．enlargingC．evaluatingD．providing
小题5:We can infer from the text that _____．
A．Food Day will not help preserve natural resources．
B．Food Day can be an opportunity to solve food problems．
C．Food Day has so far achieved all the central goals．
D．there are different ideas and views about Food Day．
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease－especially in changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought about this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is just “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well”. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively attempting to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body’s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well”, in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can struggle for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial influence on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
小题1:Today’s medical care is placing more stress on                .
A．monitoring patients’ body functions
B．removing people’s bad living habits
C．ensuring people’s psychological well-being
D．keeping people in a healthy physical condition
小题2:Traditionally, a person is considered “well” if he or she                 .
A．is free from any kind of disease
B．does not have any physical handicaps
C．attempts to maintain the best possible health
D．keeps a proper balance between work and leisure
小题3:According to the passage, which of the following is WRONG?
A．Wellness is now just an ideal in many people’s mind.
B．Someone who drinks a few beers at home most nights is not healthy.
C．The concept of wellness can help people face the challenges of daily life.
D．A man without any physical or mental problem may not be really healthy.
小题4:According to the author, healthy people are those who                        .
A．do not have any symptoms of disease
B．have strong muscles as well as slim figures
C．try to keep healthy as possible, regardless of their limitations
D．can recover from illness even without seeking medical care
To get an extra 14 years of life, don't smoke, eat lots of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and drink alcohol in a proper amount．That is according to a study published this Monday in the Public Library of Science Medicine Journal．
After tracking more than 20,000 people aged 45 to 79 years in the United Kingdom from about 1993 to 2007, Kay-Tee Khaw of the University of Cambridge and his colleagues found that people who adopted these four healthy habits lived all average of 14 years longer than those who didn't．
“We've known for a long time that these behaviors are good things to do, but we've not seen this benefit before, ”said Susan Jebb, head of Nutrition and Health at Britain's Medical Research Council．“The benefit was also seen regardless of whether or not people were fat and what social class they came from．”
Study participants（参与者）scored a point each for not smoking, regular physical activity, eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day and moderate alcohol intake．
Public health experts said they hoped the study would inspire governments to introduce policies helping people to adopt these changes．But because the study only observed people rather than testing specific changes, it would be impossible to conclude that people who suddenly adopted these healthy behaviors would surely gain 14 years．
“We can't say that any person could gain 14 years by doing these things, ”said Dr．Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization．“The 14 years is an average across the population of what's theoretically（理论上地）possible．”
“Most people know that things like a good diet matter and that smoking isn't good for them, ”Susan Jebb said．“We need to work on providing people with much more practical support to help them change．”
小题1:Which of the following DOESN'T belong to the four healthy habits?
A．Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables a day．
B．Do proper exercise in the morning every day．
C．Drinking alcohol in the proper amount every day．
D．Having a cigarette before going to bed every day．
小题2:We can learn from the passage that            ．
A．Susan Jebb did not take part in the study．
B．the study observed people as well as tested specific changes．
C．there's no need for people under 45 to adopt these good habits．
D．only those from first class can benefit from these healthy behaviors．
小题3:What can be inferred from the passage?
A．All the people are well aware of the harm of their bad habits．
B．People aged 45 to 70 have bad habits in the United Kingdom．
C．Governments should take measures to help people change their bad habits．
D．People have adopted the four healthy habits after knowing they're good．
小题4:What would be the best title for this passage?
A．Smoking and Drinking Cuts You 14 Years
B．How to Live a Much Healthier Life
C．Healthy Habits May Give Extra 14 Years
D．How to Make Your Life Longer Than Others

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