Since nobody gave him any help.hemust have finished the research on his own completely．题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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14．Since nobody gave him any help，hemust have finished（must finish） the research on his own completely．

分析由于没有人给予他任何帮助，他肯定是完全独立地完成这项研究．

解答答案是must have finished．本题考查表示推测的情态动词的用法．must表示推测时常见的三种结构：1）must be doing对正在进行的动作的推测； 2）must be 对现在的状态的推测；3）must have done对过去的或已经发生的事件的推测．由上文的动词过去式gave推断本题是对过去的事件的推测，故选用must have done 的结构，答案用must have finished．

点评本题表示推测的情态动词的用法．要在理解表示推测的情态动词的基本用法的基础上结合语境判断．

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4．Speaking at a forum on student achievement last night，Professor Stephen Dinham，Chair of Teacher Education at the University of Melbourne's Graduate School of Education，said attempts to improve student self-esteem（自尊） in unreal ways，such as avoiding criticism and handing out unearned praise，are failing some of our most vulnerable （脆弱的） students．
"We know self-esteem does influence student achievement but，unfortunately，some schools attempt to do this in unreal ways，such as avoiding negative criticism and providing only‘positive reinforcement'．If we over-inflate（过分吹捧） student self-esteem in this manner，they will struggle when they get out into the wide world，"he told the audience at last night's University of Melbourne alumni event．
Professor Dinham pointed out schools focusing too much on"welfare"，particularly in low socioeconomic areas，create a low expectations model that leads students to low achievement．However，schools focusing too much on the"academic"at the expense of the personal are getting it wrong，too．
"The‘welfare'and the‘academic'approaches are both wrong．What research shows is that the best teachers and schools，including those in disadvantaged areas，have a balanced focus on every student as a learner and a person．We can actually build up student self-esteem by ensuring every student feels they are achieving success and making progress．We do this by providing meaningful feedback（反馈）-which includes constructive criticism．"
According to Professor Dinham，a fundamental mistake was made in the 1960s when，in line with wider social changes，schools rightly became more responsive to students as individuals．Mistakenly，being responsive to students was interpreted as also being less demanding and many schools therefore became more permissive．
The best teaching style is one where high responsiveness to individual student needs is combined with demands for students to achieve their best academically and conform to （符合，使…一致） acceptable standards of behavior．Real achievement is the best way to boost self-esteem，which can then lead to further success，he said．

67．We improve a student self-esteem in unreal ways if weC．
A．give him praise now and then
B．don't provide meaningful feedback
C．don't give them the necessary criticism
D．focus too much on his academic performance
68．If we avoid negative criticism and provide only"positive reinforcement"，a student willB．
A．fail the school
B．have problems in the real world
C．become more confident in himself
D．make good progress in academics
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A．The school was too strict with the students
B．The school became less demanding of the students
C．The students were given too much permissive remarks
D．The students were too much influenced by social changes
70．Which of the following is the best way to improve students'self-esteem？D
A．Responding to individual student needs
B．Making students acquire right behaviors
C．Giving them encouragement and praise
D．Having them make real achieveement．

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A．warn us of the risks of napping
B．show us the dangers of sleeplessness
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A．the wrong attitude the Americans traditionally hold toward sleep
B．the sleep policy made by the American government
C．the rapid development of American industry
D．the Americans'worry about the dangers of sleepiness
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A．preferable to have a sound sleep after a night shift
B．good practice not to nap at work
C．essential to make up for lost sleep
D．natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it．

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