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阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1～10的相应位置上。

Since the one-baby policy ___1.___(carry) out in China, Chinese families have been shrinking from one with over 10 members to the other with only three including parents and one baby. Things are usually out of our expectation. Apart from the benefits _2.___ have been mentioned enough, small families are now beginning to have __3.___ own problems. Because parents are having fewer children, they increasingly feel the need _4.___(control) the lives of those children. As a result, many children are becoming less __5.___(depend), determined and ambitious than in the past.

Parents today discourage their children from doing housework, extracurricular activities and socializing _6.___ they fear it will interrupt their education. For example, when I was younger I wanted to learn the guitar __7.__ my parents wouldn’t allow me because they believed it would distract me from my studies. They are happy as long as I perform ___8.__(wonder) in my exams but don’t seem concerned about how I develop __9.__ a person.

To some extent, I understand parents’ concerns, but I think they should love their children for ___10.__ they are, not what they want them to be. We deserve the chance to chase our own dreams and learn on our own. Even if we fail, we can learn from those failures.

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When you were young, ginger ale（姜味汽水）may have been a popular choice for reducing the unpleasant feelings caused by your upset stomach on the road to get to school. For years, ginger has been used to reduce the effects of nausea（作呕）. But do you know it’s now also being looked at to fight cancer?

Scientists have discovered that ginger can kill cancerous cells in two different ways. On the one hand, ginger causes the cancer cells to “commit suicide” by destroying themselves while leaving the surrounding healthy cells untouched. Ginger can prevent the growth of diseased cells by destroying the environment they grow in. On the other hand, ginger tricks the diseased cells and causes them to fight among themselves. Researchers are now looking into one of the toughest cancers to fight. However, scientists find repeated treatment of disease by drugs can actually lose its effectiveness over time as the cancer builds up resistance（抵抗力）to the same treatment. This raises researchers’ confidence that ginger would help stop resistance from the cancer.

In a study, the cancer clearly stopped growing in the body of the mice that had been given ginger. The bad news is that such encouraging research has only been conducted on mice. The good news, however, is that it seems humans might be able to get the same benefit just by eating products with ginger and ginger root in them.

Cancer prevention and fighting abilities aren’t the only potential benefits you may get from adding a bit more ginger to your diet.

Drinking ginger ale when your stomach was upset as a child wasn’t just a placebo（安慰剂）.Numerous studies and research, including the Mayo Clinic’s strict grading system, agree that ginger has some sort of anti-nausea characteristics.

Some believe that ginger works well against nausea after operations, while others use it to reduce motion sickness such as seasickness and car sickness. The Mayo Clinic, however, advises the use of ginger only to reduce nausea during pregnancy. While more research needs to be done, early studies are very promising, especially in that small amounts of ginger don’t seem to do any harm to the mother or baby.

Other health benefits from ginger exist as well. Since ginger is often considered to be useful in warming bodies, it can improve the condition of people’s joints including knees and ankle joints. Some suggest that ginger can help cure a cough associated with the common cold. Another benefit of ginger is that it seems to have no real side effects, which is one of the main reasons it appears to be safe during pregnancy.

But for safety, you should always consult a doctor for instructions on daily use before starting, even with something like ginger that seems to have little to no side effects.

1.Why do scientists think ginger can be used to fight against cancer?

A．Ginger can destroy diseased cells in two different ways.

B．Ginger is commonly considered as a kind of pain killer.

C．Ginger warms people’s bodies and helps them recover from operations.

D．Ginger has no harmful side effects according to a large amount of medical research.

2.We can learn from the third paragraph that___________.

A．ginger works well only for warm-blooded animals

B．ginger and its root have the same effect on humans as mice

C．people are likely to gain great benefit by having ginger

D．the research on ginger is promised to be carried out only on mice

3.What is the text mainly about?

A．Ginger’s medicinal effects.

B．The benefits of ginger ale.

C．A new discovery about ginger.

D．Detailed research on ginger.

4.What will most probably be talked about following the text?

A．How to use ginger in daily life.

B．Products made from ginger.

C．Ginger’s growing environment.

D．Why ginger can warm bodies.

Teenagers who spend hours in front of the television may have a poorer diet as young adults.

A study, which included nearly 1,400 high school students, found those who watched TV for five hours or more per day had less healthy diets than peers(同龄人) five years later. Why does this happen? Should the parents take any measures?

On the one hand, people who spend a lot of time in front of the TV, especially teenagers, may snack more, and that may affect their long-term diet quality.

On the other hand, TV ads for fast food, sweets and snacks tempt teenagers to eat more of those foods. And TV time might also replace exercise time for some kids.

Lead researcher Dr. Daheia J. Barr-Anderson, of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, told Reuters Health a clear correlation between TV time during high school and diet quality in young adulthood. While the heaviest TV viewers were eating the most junk food, those who’d watched less than two hours per day had the highest intake(吸收) of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and high-calcium food. In her opinion, parents should limit and monitor TV viewing.

As far as I am concerned, children should watch no more than two hours of television per day. And parents should set a good example by eating right, being physically active and curbing their own TV time.

1.What’s the best title for this passage?

A. Teenagers’ TV Time May Affect Their Diets Later

B. People Should Keep Away from TV to Keep Healthy

C. Why Do Teenagers Like TV?

D. Parents’ Own Habits May Affect Children Later

2.What suggestion does the author give the parents?

A. They can’t do what they don’t want their children to do.

B. They must watch TV with their children.

C. They should forbid the children to watch TV.

D. They should pay attention to nutrition in diets.

3.The underlined word “ curbing” in the last paragraph can be replaced by “_________”.

A. adding B. stopping

C. controlling D. checking

4.According to the passage, heavy TV viewers tend to _________.

A. eat more fruits B. take in fewer vegetables

C. eat less junk food D. take in high-calcium food

I arrived at my mother’s home for our Monday family dinner. The smells of food flew over from the kitchen. Mother was pulling out quilt(被子)after quilt from the boxes, proudly showing me their beauties. She was preparing for a quilt show at the Elmhurst Church. When we began to fold and put them back into the boxes, I noticed something at the bottom of one box. I pulled it out. “What is this?” I asked.

“Oh?” Mom said, “That’s Mama’s quilt.”

I spread the quilt. It looked as if a group of school children had pieced it together; irregular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right.

“Grandmother made this?” I said, surprised. My grandmother was a master at making quilts. This certainly didn’t look like any of the quilts she had made.

“Yes, right before she died. I brought it home with me last year and made some changes,” she said. “I’m still working on it. See, this is what I’ve done so far.”

I looked at it more closely. She had made straight a crooked line. At the center of the quilt, she had stitched(缝) a piece of cloth with these words:“My mother made many quilts. She didn’t get all lines straight. But I think this is beautiful. I want to see it finished. Her last quilt.”

“Oh, this is so nice, Mom,” I said. It occurred to me that by completing my grandmother’s quilt, my mother was honoring her own mother. I realized, too, that I held in my hands a family treasure. It started with the loving hands of one woman, and continued with the loving hands of another.

1.Why did the author go to mother’s home?

A. To see her mother’s quilts.

B. To help prepare for a show.

C. To get together for the family dinner.

D. To discuss her grandmother’s life.

2. The author was surprised because ________.

A. the quilt looked very strange

B. her grandmother liked the quilt

C. the quilt was the best she had seen

D. her mother had made some changes

3. The underlined word “crooked” in the passage most probably means ________.

A. Unfinished B. broken

C. Bent D. unusual

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. A Quilt Show B. Mother’s Home

C. A Monday Dinner D. Grandmother’s Quilt

You’ve probably heard about sports coaches, fitness coaches, vocal music teachers, career counselors, psychiatrists(精神病医师) and other specilalists who teach skills and help us cope with daily life.

But there’s a rapidly growing kind of professional who does a little bit of everything. She or he is called a “life coach”. People who are at crossroads in their lives and corporations that want to give certain employees a career boost are turning to them for help.

The idea that one person’s success story can change other people’s lives for the better goes back at least to the 1930s. Dale Carnegie’s famous self-improvement program “How to Win Friends and Influence People” came along soon thereafter.

But this new style of life coaches includes more than enthusiastic speakers or writers. They use their own experiences in business, sports, military service, or psychotherapy(心理疗法) to help others make critical life decisions.

They often give their approach a slogan, such as “energy coaching” or “fearless living” or “working yourself happy”.

Dave Lakhani in Boise, Idaho, for instance, works with salespeople to develop what he calls a “road map”. He says an ongoing relationship with a coach is like having a personal fitness trainer for one’s career and life outside work.

Lakhani’s Bold Approach coaching firm also donates some of its time to help people who are anything but successful—including battered women and struggling sigle mothers.

But others in the so-called “helping professions” are not thrilled about the life-coaching movement. They say that anyone, trained or untrained, can call himself or herself a life coach, and that slick(华而不实的) promoters who mess with people’s lives can do more harm than good.

1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Working Yourself Happy

B. Life Coaches Help with Tough Decisions

C. How to Cope with Daily Life with Life Coaches

D. The Life-Coaching Movement

2.The underlined phrase “life coach” in Paragraph 2 means “ ”.

A. the career counselor who teaches skills

B. the psychiatrist who helps us cope with daily life

C. the fitness coach who teaches us lessons

D. the specialist who help us make important life decisions

3.The last paragraph is mainly about .

A. the introductions of life coach

B. the disagreements of life coach

C. the effects of life coach

D. the experiences of life coach

4.What is the author’s attitude towards life coaches?

A. Cautious B. Approving C. Casual D. Disapproving

New crime prediction software should reduce not only the murder rate, but the rate of other crimes. Developed by Richard Berk, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, the software has already used in Baltimore and Philadelphia to predict which individuals on probation(缓刑) or parole(假释) are most likely to murder and to be murdered.

“When a person goes on probation or parole he is supervised(监督) by an officer. The question is ‘what level of supervision is appropriate?’” said Berk. It used to be that parole officers used the person’s criminal record, and their judgment to make decisions.

“This research replaces those seat-of-the –pants calculations,” he said.

Technology helps determine level of supervision. On average there is one murder for every 100,000 people. Even among high-risk groups the murder rate is one in 100. Predicting such a rare event is very difficult, but advances in computer technology works.

Years ago, the researchers made a dataset of more than 60,000 various crimes. Using the software they developed, they found some much more likely to commit murder when paroled or probated. They could identify eight future murderers out of 100.

Berk’s software examines roughly two dozen variables(可变因素), from criminal record to geographic location. The type of crimes, and more importantly, the age at which that crime was committed, were two of the most predictive variables.

“People assume that if someone murdered then they will murder in the future,” said Berk. “ What really matters is what that person did as a young individual. Predicting future crimes sounds well. But we aren’t anywhere near being able to do that.”

“Berk’s scientific answer leaves policymakers with difficult questions. By labeling one group of people as high risk, and supervise them closely, there should be fewer murders, which the potential victims should be happy about. It also means that those high-risk individuals will be supervised more aggressively. For human rights advocates, that means punishing people who, most likely, will not commit a crime in the future,” said Bushway. “It comes down to a question of whether you would rather make these errors or those errors.”

1.The underlined words(in Para.3) probably mean___.

A. calculations based on subjective opinions

B. calculations based on widespread voting

C. calculations made by advanced technology

D. calculations based on serious considering

2.For 650 people with crime records, how many potential murderers would the software find?

A. 65. B. 13. C. 52. D. 65.

3.From Para 7, we can infer that______.

A. the technology developed by Richard Berk will soon be widely used in the US

B. the technology would not be widely accepted in the short term

C. whether a person murders or not largely decided by his upbringing while young

D. if a person murdered when he was fifty, he is sure to murder again while on probation

4.Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. Closely Supervise Potential Murders

B. Measures Taken to Prevent Criminal Behavior

C. Technology Revolutionizes Judges’ Way of Working

D. Software is Developed to Predict Criminal Behavior

Let us suppose it is now about A.D. 2060. Let’s make believe (假装；虚构) it is about sixty years from now. Of course, things have changed and life is very different.

Voyages to the moon are being made every day. It is as easy to take a holiday on the moon today as it was for the people in 1960 to take a holiday in Europe. At a number of scenic spots on the moon, many hotels have been built. The hotels are air-conditioned, naturally. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment (娱乐) of young and old.

What are people eating now? People are still eating food. They haven’t yet started to take on heir (继承) supply of energy directly as electrical current or as nuclear power. They may some day. But many foods now come in pill form, and the food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green plants.

Since there are several times as many people in the world today as there were a hundred years ago, most of our planet’s surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer destroyed bypests. The harvest is always good.

Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farm. It is possible to run the farm by just pushing a few buttons now and then.

People are now largely vegetarians (素食者). You see, as the number of people increases, the number of animal decreases. Therefore, the people have to be vegetarians and we are healthier both in our bodies and in our minds, and we know the causes and cure of disease and pain, and it is possible to get rid of diseases. No one has to be ill any more.

Such would be our life in 2060.

1.When was the passage written?

A. In about A.D. 2060. B. In about 1960.

C. In about 2004. D. In about 2000.

2.According to the passage, what will be on the moon in about A.D. 2060?

A.Many other animals. B.Many tourists.

C. Many plants. D. A sea.

3.What will people eat then according to the passage?

A. Foods in pill form.

B.Biscuits in pill form.

C .Foods in water form.

D. Foods in gas form.

4.The passage tells us that in 2060, ____ on the earth than now.

A. there are fewer population

B. there are more pests

C. the crops are getting better

D.there is less water

阅读理解

请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

C

El Nifio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.

The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.

But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.

The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.

Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.

1. What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?

A. It is named after a South American fisherman.

B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.

C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.

D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.

2. What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?

A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.

B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.

C. Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.

D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.

3. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that

A. more investment should go to risk reduction

B. governments of poor countries need more aid

C. victims of El Nino deserve more compensation

D. recovery and reconstruction should come first

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To introduce El Nino and its origin.

B. To explain the consequences of El Nino.

C. To show ways of fighting against El Nino.

D. To urge people to prepare for El Nino.

That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.

A. Or else B. In short

C. By the way D. For one thing

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