题目内容

New crime prediction software should reduce not only the murder rate, but the rate of other crimes. Developed by Richard Berk, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, the software has already used in Baltimore and Philadelphia to predict which individuals on probation(缓刑) or parole(假释) are most likely to murder and to be murdered.

“When a person goes on probation or parole he is supervised(监督) by an officer. The question is ‘what level of supervision is appropriate?’” said Berk. It used to be that parole officers used the person’s criminal record, and their judgment to make decisions.

“This research replaces those seat-of-the –pants calculations,” he said.

Technology helps determine level of supervision. On average there is one murder for every 100,000 people. Even among high-risk groups the murder rate is one in 100. Predicting such a rare event is very difficult, but advances in computer technology works.

Years ago, the researchers made a dataset of more than 60,000 various crimes. Using the software they developed, they found some much more likely to commit murder when paroled or probated. They could identify eight future murderers out of 100.

Berk’s software examines roughly two dozen variables(可变因素), from criminal record to geographic location. The type of crimes, and more importantly, the age at which that crime was committed, were two of the most predictive variables.

“People assume that if someone murdered then they will murder in the future,” said Berk. “ What really matters is what that person did as a young individual. Predicting future crimes sounds well. But we aren’t anywhere near being able to do that.”

“Berk’s scientific answer leaves policymakers with difficult questions. By labeling one group of people as high risk, and supervise them closely, there should be fewer murders, which the potential victims should be happy about. It also means that those high-risk individuals will be supervised more aggressively. For human rights advocates, that means punishing people who, most likely, will not commit a crime in the future,” said Bushway. “It comes down to a question of whether you would rather make these errors or those errors.”

1.The underlined words(in Para.3) probably mean___.

A. calculations based on subjective opinions

B. calculations based on widespread voting

C. calculations made by advanced technology

D. calculations based on serious considering

2.For 650 people with crime records, how many potential murderers would the software find?

A. 65. B. 13. C. 52. D. 65.

3.From Para 7, we can infer that______.

A. the technology developed by Richard Berk will soon be widely used in the US

B. the technology would not be widely accepted in the short term

C. whether a person murders or not largely decided by his upbringing while young

D. if a person murdered when he was fifty, he is sure to murder again while on probation

4.Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. Closely Supervise Potential Murders

B. Measures Taken to Prevent Criminal Behavior

C. Technology Revolutionizes Judges’ Way of Working

D. Software is Developed to Predict Criminal Behavior

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根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项是多余项。

Trust has been considered as the basis of any relationship, including friendship. No relationship can last long with a lack of trust. Not many of your friends will have real faith in you as you would like to believe. 1._________ Sometimes, it takes years, even a complete lifetime, to trust someone. However, how do we know if our friends have faith in us?

2._______With whom will you share things that you don’t want everyone to know? It would be with a close friend, whom you trust as much as you trust yourself. While a few of your friends may be fiercely protective of their privacy and may not tell their secrets to anyone, those who do, surely find you trustworthy and reliable.

Whom do you look up to for advice when you need it the most? It has to be either your parents or your friends. 3._______ This is a shining example of trust. You only seek advice from people you hold in high regard and find dependable. The friends who trust you will never forget to include you in the important decisions of their life.

Arguments and heated discussions are a part of every relationship, and this is also true for friendship. 4._______ While some people find it difficult to forgive and forget, your friends will never have problems moving on. It is because they trust you and believe that you will never cause any pain to them on purpose.

There are times in life when you find yourself a lonely soldier. 5._______Your friends will never let you down and will strongly stand for you when you need encouragement. You can determine that they trust you and believe in your beliefs, if they side with you when you need them the most.

A. People can be extraordinarily jealous sometimes.

B. You know they will never pass on a wrong suggestion.

C. In fact, winning trust is, by far, the most challenging aspect of relationships.

D. Two people cannot have identical reactions to a situation and different opinions do exist.

E. No matter how close you are to your friends, you cannot take that comfort level for granted.

F. If your friends share their secrets, there’s a good possibility that they have much faith in you.

G. However, people who are fortunate to have been blessed with true friends are never alone in any battle.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Choosing a major is an important decision and one that could pave the way for a successful, lifelong career. Some students know what they want to major in right away, while others take their sweet time to choose. 1. Here are a few tips on how to choose a major:

Know your strengths. It can help you narrow down your options and find an area of study that suits you well. If you’re not certain what your strengths are, talk to your advisor and a career counselor(顾问) to assess your strengths and apply them to a major. 2. Just because that your’re good at science doesn’t necessarily mean you’re prepared for advanced biology and chemistry classes, or weekly three-hour labs spent observing animals.

Talk to upperclassmen. Upperclassmen have been in your shoes and know how hard it can be to choose a major. 3. They can give you first-hand accounts of taking advanced courses and how to avoid switching majors halfway through college. Talking to upperclassmen about their majors will give you a better understanding of what each program undertakes and what to expect. They can also give you advice on which classes you should take, the best professors in the college and guaranteed ways to get an A.

4. Regardless of what your parents, friends or advisors tell you, choosing a major is your decision and you should do what you love. Students may feel pressured to choose a major based on career salaries and job outlook(前景). 5. If you’re stuck studying something you hate, chances are that you won’t do very well in your classes and you may end up never using your degree.

A. Follow your heart.

B. Talk to people in the area.

C. Either way, don’t worry.

D. They won’t sugarcoat things, either.

E. It’s also important to know your limits.

F. Before you settle on a particular major, find out more.

G. However, it’s far more important that you follow your passion.

阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1~10的相应位置上。

Since the one-baby policy ___1.___(carry) out in China, Chinese families have been shrinking from one with over 10 members to the other with only three including parents and one baby. Things are usually out of our expectation. Apart from the benefits _2.___ have been mentioned enough, small families are now beginning to have __3.___ own problems. Because parents are having fewer children, they increasingly feel the need _4.___(control) the lives of those children. As a result, many children are becoming less __5.___(depend), determined and ambitious than in the past.

Parents today discourage their children from doing housework, extracurricular activities and socializing _6.___ they fear it will interrupt their education. For example, when I was younger I wanted to learn the guitar __7.__ my parents wouldn’t allow me because they believed it would distract me from my studies. They are happy as long as I perform ___8.__(wonder) in my exams but don’t seem concerned about how I develop __9.__ a person.

To some extent, I understand parents’ concerns, but I think they should love their children for ___10.__ they are, not what they want them to be. We deserve the chance to chase our own dreams and learn on our own. Even if we fail, we can learn from those failures.

完形填空

Learn and Earn

Charlie and Jackie joined a wholesale company together just after graduation. They both worked very hard. After several years, the boss made Jackie sales manager but Charlie _________ a salesman. One day Charlie could not_________ it any more. He handed in his resignation letter (辞职信) to the boss and complained that the boss did not_________ hard-working employees, but only raised those who tried to please him. He thought that it was really _________.

The boss knew that Charlie had spared no _________ for the company all these years, but in order to help Charlie to realize the _________ between him and Jackie, the boss asked Charlie to do the following. “Go and _________ if there is anyone selling watermelons in the market.” Charlie went, returned and _________ said, “Yes.” The boss asked, “How much per kilogram?” Charlie went back to the market to ask and returned to _________ , “$ 12 per kg.”

The boss told Charlie that he would ask Jackie the _________ question. Jackie went, returned and said, “Boss, only one person selling watermelons. $ 12 per kg, $ 100 for 10 kg. He has a _________ of 340 melons. On the table are 58 melons, and every melon weighs about 15 kg, _________ from the South two days ago. They are fresh, red, and of good _________ .”

Charlie was _________ and he realized the difference between himself and Jackie. He decided not to _________ but to learn from Jackie.

My dear friends, you know, a more _________ person is more observant, thinks more and understands in _________. For the same matter, he sees several years ahead, _________ you see only tomorrow. The difference between a year and a day is 365 times, so how could you _________ ?

Think: how far have you seen ahead in your life? How _________ are you?

1.A. made B. became C. kept D.remained

2.A. do B. tolerate C. get D. put

3.A.value B. meet C. repay D.enjoy

4.A. unusual B. careless C.unfair D. selfless

5.A.effort B. trouble C. effect D.rest

6.A. competition B. relationship C.distance D.difference

7.A. carry out B.find out C. look out D. pick out

8.A.only B. again C. even D.still

9.A. offer B. remind C. answer D. repeat

10.A.difficult B.familiar C.simple D.same

11.A. lot B.total C. few D.number

12.A. taken B. come C. heard D.bought

13.A. value B. condition C.quality D. shape

14.A. moved B.struck C. puzzled D.encouraged

15.A.leave B. stop C. work D.stay

16.A.important B. intelligent C.hardworking D.successful

17.A. time B. need C.depth D. common

18.A. Though B.while C. unless D. since

19.A.win B.think C.know D.see

20.A.hopeful B.helpful C.thoughtful D. meaningful

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