If you see a group of people dancing and singing on the street or in the railway station, you don't need to feel surprised.They are a flash mob (快闪族), which is a group of people who come together suddenly in a public place, do something unusual for a brief period of time, and then quickly break up.They are usually organized with the help of the Internet or other digital communication network.At a predetermined time, they gather and perform some distractions(消遣) such as waving their hands and exchanging books, Then, they quickly break up before the police can arrive.Using mobile phones, the flash mob can change its location if the first one has been replaced for any reason.

Bill Lasik, senior editor of Harper’s Magazine, organized the first flash mob in Manhattan in May 2003 and the first successful flash mob came together on June 3, 2003 - after the first attempt was foiled at Macy's department store.Lasik claimed that the activity was designed to make fun of hipsters (起时髦的人), and call attention to the cultural atmosphere.

Flash mob gatherings can sometimes shock people.Such an activity might seem amusing and untrue, but it also might frighten people who are not aware of what is taking place.Undoubtedly, flash mobs can serve as good political tools in any direction.They also have great economic potential, such as using flash mobs to advertise a product.

The flash mob is now becoming more and more popular.People use it to do many things.For example, in 2009, Michael Jackson's fans took part in a flash mob to remember him.Hundreds of his fans gathered singing and dancing Michael's famous song "Beat It" together.Flash mobs give people from all walks of life an opportunity to come together to create a memory.

1.The undefined word "foiled" in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by .

A. forgotten B. prevented

C. announced D. confirmed

2.What can you learn about the flash mob from the passage?

A. The flash mob usually breaks up quickly for lacking enough time.

B. Once the place for the activity is determined, it can't be changed.

C. The flash mob can be made use of in many fields just for fun.

D. It gives people the chance to come together to do something unusual.

3.The main purpose of the passage is ______

A. to entertain B. to encourage

C. to inform D. to persuade

4.The writer's attitude towards the flash mob is

A. negative B. favorable

C. objective D. doubtful

E­reading and e­books are slowly conquering the world.Compared to traditional paper books,e­books in some schools and universities attract more interest because the information flow seems much easier to manage and comes in a greatly higher quantity.

Japan is known for the reform­minded attitude towards the gadget(精巧装置) world and for the fact that it is one of the first countries that encouraged in the educational system the emailing of homework.

The digital textbook looks like the logical step in the world of learning.It is natural but it is also completely untraditional.

The plan of the largest publishing companies to get in line with the trend is to save a large quantity of paper and make the kids become interested in learning using a cool gadget.Many USA universities and colleges have made students be used to the procedure of downloading the courses and of course the procedure involves interactive software and also the chance of using the computer.

The traditional education system is still unwilling when it comes to giving up books.The standard approach of information taught out of a book and Shakespeare read out of an old school novel makes studying English as traditional as it can be.

In a world where kids would rather see the movie than read a book,the digital age has brought along a completely different flavor to reading.Bringing that flavor in school will make teaching a greener and also a completely different matter.

1.Why are e­books so popular in the world?

A.It's cheap to buy.

B.It's effective to use.

C.It's convenient to bring.

D.It's the latest fashion.

2.Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “reform­minded” in the second paragraph?

A.Old­fashioned. B.Aggressive.

C.Rejecting. D.Progressive.

3.In America,the students are encouraged to________.

A.apply the procedure of downloading the courses

B.communicate with their teachers using computer

C.research some interactive software for their studies

D.do their homework in computer instead of in paper

4.What's the author's attitude to the digital textbooks?

A.Being against. B.Being for.

C.Not mentioned. D.Being neutral.

For centuries, medical pioneers have refined a variety of methods and medicines to treat sickness, injury, and disability, enabling people to live longer and healthier lives.

“A salamander (a small lizard-like animal) can grow back its leg. Why can't a human do the same?” asked Peruvian-born surgeon Dr. Anthony Atala in a recent interview. The question, a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers, captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine. This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts.

These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things --- living cells, tissue, and even organs.

Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental, with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds. One of its most significant advances took place in 1999,when a research group at North Carolina’s Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratory-grown bladder. Since then, the team, led by Dr. Atala, has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organs 一 from kidneys to ears.

The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue and bone. However, donor organs are not always the best option. First of all, they are in short supply, and many people die while waiting for an available organ; in the United States alone, more than 100,000 people are waiting for organ transplants. Secondly, a patient’s body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ. An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient’s own cells and will not be rejected by the body’s immune system.

Today, several labs are working to create bioartificial body parts. Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung. At the University of Minnesota, Doris Taylor has created a beating bioartificial rat heart. Dr. Atala’s medical team has reported long-term success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida (a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord). And at the University of Michigan, H. David Humes has created an artificial kidney.

So far, the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep, but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient. The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and, as a result, significantly increase individuals’ chances of survival.

1. In the latest field of regenerative medicine, what are replacement parts made of?

A. Donated cells, tissues and organs.

B. Rejected cells, tissues and organs.

C. Cells, tissues and organs of one’s own.

D. Cells, tissues and organs made of steel.

2. What have scientists experimented successfully on for a bioartificial kidney?

A. Patients. B. Rats. C. Sheep. D. Soldiers.

3.Why is generative medicine considered innovative?

A. It will provide patients with replacement soft tissues.

B. It will strengthen the human body’s immune system.

C. It will shorten the time patients waiting for a donated organ.

D. It will make patients live longer with bioartificial organs.

4. What is the writer’s attitude towards regenerative medicine?

A. Positive. B. Negative.

C. Doubtful. D. Reserved.

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