题目内容

【题目】课本知识运用:根据所给的单词或汉语提示写出所缺的单词和其恰当形式。
(1)Sam lives in a small (dust) village on the edge of the desert.
(2)For him, this will be an (entire) new hobby.
(3)His project is wonderful but the cost is too high, so almost everyone (agree) with him.
(4)My brother is(rely)and you can follow his words.
(5)She's (gradual) recovering from the deadly disease.
(6)You'd better recite these words, because they are(frequent) used.

【答案】
(1)dusty
(2)entirely
(3)disagrees
(4)reliable
(5)gradually
(6)frequently
【解析】根据所给的单词或汉语提示写出所缺的单词和其恰当形式。
(1)考查形容词。句意:Sam生活在沙漠边上一个充满灰尘的小村庄里。 形容词dusty“充满灰尘的”;该形容词通常在句中充当定语修饰名词。
(2)考查副词。 句意:对他来说,这是一个全新的爱好。副词entirely“完全地”;该副词通常在句中充当状语修饰形容词、副词或者谓语动词。
(3)考查动词。句意:他的项目很好,但是成本太高了,所以几乎每个人都不同意他的意见。动词disagree“不同意”;是由动词agree加上否定前缀“dis...”形成。
(4) 考查形容词。句意:我的兄弟值得信赖,你可以相信他说的话。 形容词reliable“值得信赖的”。
(5) 考查副词。句意:他正从一个致命的疾病中逐渐恢复过来。 副词gradually“逐渐地”,作状语。
(6) 考查副词。 句意:你最好背诵这些单词,因为他们频繁被使用。副词frequently“频繁地”,作状语。

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【题目】Bigger isn’t always better. People who are skeptical about this argument just need to look at personal computers. It is the continual shrinkage of components that have brought about the explosion of computing power and enabled these computers to be accessible to people across the world.

Inspired by this, researchers have been working on areas where making things small may mean big results. And this year, the Nobel Prize has challenged the convention of celebrating big by presenting the biggest prizes to discoveries on the smallest scales.

The committee presented the Nobel Prize for medicine to Yoshinori Ohsumi of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, for his research on “autophagy”, which is a “self-eating” process seen in cells.

What’s more, in recognition of their working on the unique nature of matter in extreme states and taking their research all the way down to an atomic scale, the Nobel Prize for physics was awarded to three British-born scientists who presently work in the US.

Another exceptional new field is that of nanotechnology(纳米技术). The Nobel Prize for chemistry was awarded to a scientist who managed to build the world’s tiniest machines out of molecules(分子), including a nano-sized car, which are so small that they are not seen by the human eye.

Small as the subjects are, the benefits of the scientists’ research are set to be huge. More importantly, their inventions may even eventually be turned into products that benefit mankind.

Ohsumi’s research on “autophagy” shines a light on common diseases such as Parkinson’s and diabetes. As for the molecular motors, they’re preparing to bring huge potential to the fields of medicine and energy. “The ground-breaking discoveries in physics have lighted a firestorm of research, and it’s only a matter of time before their research leads to advances as unimaginable to us now as computer chips were a hundred years ago,” Laura H. Greene, president-elect of the American Physical Society told The New York Times.

1The underlined word “shrinkage” in Paragraph 1 probably means .

A. reducing the size B. cutting down the cost

C. improving the quality D. strengthening the function

2What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Nano-sized cars are now popular all over the world.

B. Ohsumi's research has helped cure some common diseases.

C. Three scientists have made a great breakthrough in atomic energy.

D. The Nobel Prize used to have a preference for findings on big scales.

3What is Laura H. Greene’s attitude to the new discoveries in physics?

A. Positive B. Doubtful

C. Reserved D. Concerned.

4What is the message the passage conveys?

A. Great minds think alike.

B. Small things make a big difference.

C. Many small streams make a great river.

D. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.

【题目】阅读理解
More than loo genes are related with increased risk of developing schizophrenia(精神分裂症),bipolar disorder (躁郁症)and alcoholism(酗酒),confirms a large study published in the recent issue of the British scientific journal Nature.
The world's largest study into the genetic basis of mental illnesses was led by researchers from British universities,including University College London (UCL),Cardiff University and King's College London (KCL).
Researchers believe that they are now much closer than before to understanding the complex biological causes, which make some people being at high risk of developing mental illnesses.They also believe that these findings could lead to new treatments.
The researchers analyzed the DNA of about 37,000 patients with schizophrenia,bipolar disorder or alcoholism, and compared the smallest genetic changes to those found in about 113,000 healthy people.They then identified about 128 independent genetic variants(变体)at 108 locations on the human chromosomes(染色体)that contribute significantly to developing schizophrenia—83 of these sites have never before been linked to the illness,according to scientists.
For example,people with the variant of the GRM3 gene,thought to be important in brain signaling,are around 2 to 3 times more likely to develop schizophrenia or alcohol dependence.The variant,which is found in approximately one in every 200 people,is also associated with a three times risk of developing bipolar disorder.
"We could be looking at the next big drug target for treating mental illness,"Professor David Curtis from UCL, co-author of the paper,said."The work opens up new ways to prevent and treat mental illnesses by revealing the mechanisms involved in their development."
(1)What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A.Researchers are disappointed at curing biological causes.
B.Researchers are worried about the complex biological causes.
C.Researchers have found the method of curing biological causes.
D.Researchers are confident for figuring out the complex biological causes.
(2)According to Paragraph 4,the researchers found.
A.there are 37,000 patients with mental illnesses in the world
B.most of the sites have never before been linked to mental illnesses
C.there is little difference between the patients and the healthy people
D.the cause of mental illnesses has nothing to do with the genetic changes
(3)We can learn from Paragraph 5.
A.the variant of the GRM3 gene is important
B.the number of people with the variant of the GRM3 gene is large
C.the number of people with the variant of the GRM3 gene is small
D.people with the variant of the GRM3 gene aren't likely to suffer schizophrenia
(4)What's the main topic discussed in the text?
A.The importance of gene variants.
B.The research of gene variants.
C.The cause of mental illnesses.
D.Gene variants linked to mental illnesses.

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