题目内容

8.Being the boss might mean more money and challenging work but it can also cause damage to physical and mental well-being,according to a Canadian study.
For years studies have shown people in lower-status jobs generally have higher rates of heart disease and other illnesses and die earlier than those in higher-status positions while job authority has shown no relationship with workers'health.
But University of Toronto researchers,using data from 1,800US workers,found the health of people in higher positions is affected by work as they are more likely to report conflicts with co-workers and say work disturbs their home life.
However,the positive aspects of having a power position at work,such as higher status,more pay and greater independence,seemed to cancel out the negative aspects when it came to people's physical and psychological health.
These latest findings,reported in the journal Social Science & Medicine,suggest that the advantages and disadvantages authority positions basically cancel each other out,giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects.
For the study,the researchers surveyed participants about various aspects of their work,life and well-being.Job authority was judged based on whether a person managed other employees and had power over hiring,firing and pay.
Physical health complaints included problems like headaches,body aches,heartburn and tiredness.Psychological complaints included sleep problems,difficulty concentrating and feelings of sadness,worry and anxiety.
"This isn't to suggest that having authority is‘bad'-in fact,we show it has benefits…but it is important to identify the negative sides and deal with them."researcher Scott Schieman said.
Schieman said conflicts with co-workers or involvement of work into home life may destroy at physical and mental well-being by creating stress.
"These are key stressors that can tax individuals'ability to function effectively,"Schieman said.

56.Work will have a negative effect on job authority's health probably becauseD.
A.they are not fit for their work
B.they have power over hiring and pay
C.they are faced with severe competition
D.they don't get on well with their co-workers
57.Most people don't see that bosses have health effects becauseD.
A.their health problems are not serious enough to see
B.they have enough money to keep themselves healthy
C.their problems are quite different from those of workers
D.the advantages and disadvantages of their status work against each other
58.From the passage we can infer that the study aims toB.
A.warn people not to be a boss for ever
B.remind the boss to deal with the bad effects of their work
C.show that having authority is harmful to one's health
D.prove that being a boss can benefit a lot
59.The best title for this passage might beB.
A.Lower-status can affect health
B.Authority can affect health
C.Positive aspects of a power position
D.Disadvantages of being a boss.

分析 文章的结论是位高权重影响健康,提醒做老板和身居高职的人要正确处理工作给他们带来的消极影响.

解答 DDBB
56.D 细节理解题.由第三段"as they are more likely to report…life."可知他们与同事的关系不好,故D项正确.
57.D 细节理解题.根据第五段"the advantages and disadvantages authority positions basically cancel each other out,giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects."可知答案应选D.cancel out取消,抵消.
58.B 作者意图题.根据全文内容可知,文章的写作目的就是提醒做老板和身居高职的人要正确处理工作给他们带来的消极影响.故选B.
59.B 主旨大意题.根据内容不难看出B项最符合,即位高权重影响健康.

点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释.考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点.

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15.For a long time,the traditional method of identifying liars was to watch their body language,including facial expressions.
What if the person appears to be nervous?Is the person unable to look me in the eye?Is he or she look around the room?What about other nervous movements,such as fidgeting(坐立不安)or shifting from side to side?Many people-from parents to police officers and airport security personnel-depend on this method.But does a person's body and face reveal the truth?Not according to a new study.
Talking,it seems,is the best way to smoke out a liar.That is what researchers in the United Kingdom found out recently.Their investigation took place at one place where lying can get you into big trouble-an airport.
The researchers asked volunteers to pretend they were real passengers and then lie to airport security agents.Some of the agents used spoke conversation-based methods to question these make-believe passengers.Others depended instead on the person's body language,like lack of eye contact and showing signs of nervousness.The agents talking with the passengers were 20times more likely to catch the liars.The study found that these conversation-based techniques can help you recognize when a person is lying to you.Like many methods,this conversation method has a name.It is called Controlled Cognitive Engagement or CCE,for short.
The British government partly financed this study.The American Psychological (APA) published the findings.Body language cannot be trusted.Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard.And it only works,seemingly,by chance.
Thomas Ormerod is the head of the School of Psychology at the University of Sussex in England.On the APA website,he reported that the"suspicious-signs method"-or using body language-"almost completely fails"in finding lies.

24.What are the questions in Paragraph 2intended to do?A.
A.Show traditional ways to recognize a liar.
B.Launch a survey among readers.
C.Show the writer's puzzlement.
D.Invite the readers to think twice.
25.What should volunteers in the investigation do?C.
A.Answer questions only using words.
B.Pretend to be airport security agents.
C.Act as passengers as researchers required.
D.Communicate with researchers by talking.
26.Which would be the best way to find out a liar according to the study?B.
A.Looking him in the eye.
B.Asking open-ended questions.
C.Making use of body language.
D.Observing his facial expression.
27.What will the author continue to talk about based on the passage?B.
A.Misunderstandings of catching a liar.
B.The"suspicious-signs"method.
C.How the CCE method works.
D.The new concept of CCE.
19.Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among top human carcinogens (致癌物质),said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency,on Oct 17,2013."Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,"the IARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement."The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution."
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    Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other,the IARC said its conclusions apply to all areas of the world."Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide,this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,"said Christopher Wild,director of the IARC.
60.What's the main task of IARC?B
A.To focus on cancer-causing substances.
B.To evaluate the air quality.
C.To study the developing risk of cancer.
D.To send signals to the international community.
61.The underlined word"suspend"in Paragraph 2 probably meansC.
A.accelerate         B.acknowledge            C.delay           D.decline
62.Why should the international community take action without further delay?A
A.A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.
B.More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.
C.Developed countries face air pollution,the level of which is higher than the safety limits.
D.The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.
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B.Safety limits of air pollution.
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16.TIJUANA,Mexico-A powerful earthquake swayed (摇动) buildings from Los Angeles to Tijuana,killing two people in Mexico,blacking out cities and forcing the evacuation (疏散) of hospitals and nursing homes.One California city closed off its downtown due to unstable buildings.
The 7.2-magnitude quake centered just south of the US border near Mexicali was one of the strongest earthquakes to hit region in decades.
"It sounds like it's felt by at least 20million people,"USGS seismologist Lucy Jones said."Most of Southern California felt this earthquake."
Sunday afternoon's earthquake hit hardest in Mexicali,a commerce center along Mexico's border with California,where authorities said the quake was followed by at least 20smaller aftershocks,including ones of magnitudes 5.1,4.5and 4.3.
"It has not stopped trembling in Mexicali,"said Baja California state Civil Protection Director Alfredo Escobedo on Monday.
Escobedo said one man was killed when his home collapsed just outside of Mexicali and another died when he rushed into the street in panic and was struck by a car.At least 100people were injured in the city,most of them struck by falling objects.Power was out in virtually the entire city.
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56.What's the best title of the passage?B
A.A strong quake in Mexico,but no tsunami
B.A strong quake kills 2in Mexico,frightens US states
C.A strong quake,downtowns closed off
D.A strong quake,buildings collapses
57.The 7.2-magnitude quakeC.
A.centered just south of the Mexico
B.was felt by 20million people in Mexico
C.was felt by most of Southern California
D.was the strongest earthquakes to hit region in centuries
58.Which is NOT true according to the passage?D
A.Some cities had power failure after the quake.
B.One of the cities closed off its downtown because of the swaying buildings.
C.Many smaller quakes happened after the 7.2-magnitude one.
D.Hundreds of people on the beach died because of the tsunami.
59.People got injured mostlyC.
A.because they were in panic
B.because the power was out in the whole city
C.because of the falling objects
D.because they were buried under the falling objects
60.Coronado Bridge over San Diego Bay was briefly closedA.
A.to avoid further dangers
B.by the San Diego Fire-Rescue Department
C.as a reminding of the quake
D.to prevent the bridge from destroying.
3.Sometime early in the next century,human beings will move to Mars.They will live there for about a year,and then will be replaced with another group of pioneers.Building the base on Mars will advance our knowledge of the solar system and aid in our understanding of the earth.
We already know that Mars resembles the earth in many aspects:general size,presence of water,length of day,range of temperatures.These resemblances have caused many people to consider a centuries-long project:to terraform Mars.Terraforming means  altering a planet's surface so that Earth's life forms can survive there.This concept,previously found only in science fiction is now being seriously considered by scientists.
Terraforming Mars is theoretically simple:add nitrogen and oxygen to the atmosphere; pump water to the surface; and add the earth's plants and animals in the order in which they developed on Earth.But it will take at least 300years.
Some people think that such a project is too huge for humans to undertake,but there are very good reasons to make the attempt.The earth now contains some 6billion people,and no one has any idea of how many humans the earth can support.Our very existence and numbers are threatening many other species.We also have had some experience with terraforming our own planet:altering the landscape,the atmosphere and the climate.Currently terraforming earth has become a wiser activity as we try to control global warming,air and water pollution,and preserve some natural living places.
While the possibility of such a project is small,it is not impossible.Even if earth-bound societies come and go in the next 300years,the project can continue through the work of the Mars settlers without the need for constant backing from the earth.
The future existence of all the people in our world may very well depend upon our ability to terraform Mars.

63.What would be the best title for this passage?A
A.Terraforming Mars.        B.Saving the Earth.
C.Travelling to Mars.       D.A Newly-found Place.
64.What does the underlined word"altering"mean in the second paragraph?B
A.warming.          B.changing.
C.planting.         D.building.
65.According to the passage,the main purpose of terraforming Mars is toD.
A.do some scientific research work
B.find out its similarity to earth
C.avoid the dying away of many other species
D.find on Mars living place for the increasing human beings
66.The main reason for causing many people to consider terraforming Mars is thatA.
A.there are some resemblances between Earth and Mars.
B.terraforming Mars is theoretically simple
C.we have had some experience with terraforming our own planet:Earth
D.the development of science and technology is very rapid.
13.BEIJING,Nov.30-The Bird's Nest may have been built for last year's Summer Games but Beijing's Olympic stadium will soon be aiming at fans of winter sports.
As temperatures have begun to drop in recent weeks,so too has the number of visitors to the 80,000-seater venue,which cost 3.6billion yuan (﹩527million) to build.
And,fearing another harsh (寒冷的) winter,National Stadium Co Ltd,which owns the Bird's Nest,yesterday planed to spend 50million yuan on a"snow festival".
From Dec 19,visitors will be able to pay 120yuan to enjoy skiing and snowboarding,among other things,on its newly constructed slopes.
The stadium owners expect to attract more than 20,000visitors a day-twice as many as it currently does-during the two-month festival,which will include events for both the Western and Chinese new years.
Officials revealed it would take just 5,000visitors a day to cover the costs of the project.
"It's not a bad idea.You can ski on man-made snow in Dubai,so why not here?"said Heiko Grasse,a tourist from Germany,yesterday.
Famous outdoor equipment makers and local brands are in talks over sponsorship for the event,the Bird's Nest owners said yesterday,while the capital's television network will also provide 500hours of coverage.
"The Bird's Nest will not have a cold winter again,"Wu Jingjun,the new president of National Stadium Co Ltd,told China Daily yesterday."We will create seasonal events almost every month from now on with assistance from the government and,importantly,the public."
Yang Cheng,a newly appointed vice-president of National Stadium Co Ltd,said the snow festival would run for five consecutive winters if successful.

60.How many people visit The Bird's Nest a day before the"snow festival"?C
A.About 80,000.       B.About 20,000.
C.About 10,000.       D.About 5,000.
61.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?D
A.The"snow festival"will attract more visitors from China than the Western countries.
B.People aren't allowed to visit The Bird's Nest before Dec 19.
C.The"snow festival"would run for at least five winters.
D.More than 2.4million yuan a day is expected to be made in the"snow festival".
62.What does Wu Jingjun mean by saying"The Bird's Nest will not have a cold winter again"?C
A.The Bird's Nest will be kept at high temperatures in winter.
B.Winter Olympic Games will be held in The Bird's Nest.
C.The"snow festival"will provide many events in winter.
D.The Bird's Nest will get much more assistance from the government
63.Which of the following may NOT be included in the"snow festival"events?A
A.A football game.      B.Skiing.
C.Snowboarding.         D.A New Year's Party.
20.A Swedish man was dug out alive after being snowed in his car on a forest track for two months with no food,police and local media reported on Saturday.
The 45-year-old from southern Sweden was found on Friday,February17,too weak to say more than a few words.
He was found not far from the city of Umea in the north of Sweden by snowmobilers who thought they had come across a ruined car until they dug their way to a window and saw movement inside.
The man,who was lying in the back seat in a sleeping bag,said he had been in the car since December 19.
"Just incredible that he's alive considering that he had no food,but also since it's been really cold for some time after Christmas,"a rescue team member told regional daily Vasterbottens-Kuriren,which broke the news.Ebbe Nyberg,duty officer at the Umea police,said police saw no reason to doubt that the man had been stuck in the car for a very long time.
"We would not make up something like this.The rescue services were on site too and saw the same as us."he told Vasterbottens-Kuriren.Umea University Hospital,where the man is recovering after being rescued by police and a rescue team,said in a statement he was doing well considering the circumstances.
Doctors at the hospital said humans would normally be able to survive for about four weeks without food.Besides eating snow,the man probably survived by going into a dormant-like(休眠似的) state,physician Stefan Branth told Vasterbottens-Kuriren.
"A bit like a bear that hibernates.Humans can do that."he said."He probably had a body temperature of around 31 degrees which the body adjusted to.Due to the low temperature,not much energy was used up."
"Why the man ended up under the snow in the forest remains unknown,"police said.
24.Who found the Swedish man in the snow?A
A.Snowmobilers.B.The police.C.A rescue team.D.Local people.
25."Police saw no reason to doubt that the man had been stuck in the car for a very long time."Implies thatB.
A.police didn't think it true               
B.police were sure of the fact
C.police had some doubt on the fact      
D.police had reasons to doubt the fact
26.The reason why the man could survive was most probably thatC.
A.he was only forty-five years old       
B.he slept in the sleeping bag
C.he was in a dormant-like state
D.he did not use any energy
27.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?D
A.A Traffic Accident                 
B.A Successful Rescue
C.A Long Sleep in Winter             
D.An Incredible Survival
17.If you talk to any person that has achieved his goals-despite great difficulties,one thing remains the same.
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This story is an example of this:
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She was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions.Now,at age 34,her (45)B was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina Island to the California.
On that fourth of July morning in 1952,the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so  thick that she could (46)D see her support boats.She struggled on,(47)A the freezing  cold water of the sea,hour after hour.
Alongside Florence in one of the boats,her mother and her trainer offered (48)C.They told her it wasn't much farther,(49)Ball she could see was fog.They urged her not to give up.She never had thought of that until then-with only a half mile to (50)A,she decided to(51)C.Still warming her frozen body several hours later,she told a reporter,"Look,I'm not (52)Bmyself,but if I could have seen (53)AI might have succeeded."It was not(54)Bor the cold water that beat her.It was the fog.She was unable to see her goal.
Two months later,she tried again.This time,(55)C the same thick fog,she swam with her goal clearly(56)Bin her mind.She knew that (57)A behind that fog was land and  this time she (58)Cit!
Let this (59)B forever be kept in your mind.Never take your eyes (60)C your goal,even when you can't see it.

41.A.carefulB.ableC.proudD.focused
42.A.reachB.setC.seeD.break
43.A.backB.belowC.awayD.ahead
44.A.softB.sensitiveC.numbD.flexible
45.A.directionB.goalC.resultD.role
46.A.evenB.almostC.mostlyD.hardly
47.A.againstB.forC.behindD.by
48.A.assessmentB.commitmentC.encouragementD.adjustment
49.A.andB.butC.orD.so
50.A.goB.stayC.remainD.turn
51.A.re tireB.pauseC.quitD.leave
52.A.caringB.excusingC.permittingD.scolding
53.A.landB.sunshineC.fartherD.fog
54.A.excitementB.tirednessC.lonelinessD.fear
55.A.consideringB.besidesC.despiteD.from
56.A.figuredB.picturedC.putD.brought
57.A.somewhereB.nowhereC.anywhereD.everywhere
58.A.tookB.gotC.madeD.set
59.A.impressionB.lessonC.taskD.time
60.A.outB.besideC.offD.on.

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