题目内容

19．Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among top human carcinogens （致癌物质），said the International Agency for Research on Cancer （IARC），which is the World Health Organization's （WHO） cancer agency，on Oct 17，2013．"Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants，"the IARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement．"The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution．"
    In 2010，lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223，000 people worldwide，and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder （膀胱） cancer．Loomis said people in Asia，Eastern North America，some places in Central America and Mexico，as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure（暴露）．Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors，such as China，are particularly at risk．This week，Harbin，the capital city of Heilongjiang province，became the first Chinese city to officially suspendclasses due to serious smog，really good for teachers and students．
    Many developed countries face similar problems，although to a lesser（较少的、次要的） degree than most developing nations．Between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5-tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers-that are higher than the WHO safety limits．
    Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other，the IARC said its conclusions apply to all areas of the world．"Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide，this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay，"said Christopher Wild，director of the IARC．
60．What's the main task of IARC？B
A．To focus on cancer-causing substances．
B．To evaluate the air quality．
C．To study the developing risk of cancer．
D．To send signals to the international community．
61．The underlined word"suspend"in Paragraph 2 probably meansC．
A．accelerate         B．acknowledge            C．delay           D．decline
62．Why should the international community take action without further delay？A
A．A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution．
B．More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution．
C．Developed countries face air pollution，the level of which is higher than the safety limits．
D．The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place．
63．What might be the best title of the passage？D
A．PM2.5，bad effect．
B．Safety limits of air pollution．
C．Signals of air pollution．
D．Air pollution，cancer risk．

分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了空气污染会造成癌症的危险，评估空气质量的 IARC数据显示，全世界的人们不同程度的受到空气污染的影响，因此呼吁国际社会应该立即采取行动．

解答 60．B．推理判断题．根据文章第一段"Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1，or top，human carcinogens"可知文章讲的是空气污染会造成癌症的危险；故选B．
61．C．词义猜测题，根据第二段This week，Harbin，the capital city of Heilongjiang province，became the first Chinese city to officially suspendclasses due to serious smog，really good for teachers and students．可知哈尔滨严重的雾霾导致了学校停课，故选C．
62．A．细节理解题．根据文章第三段"Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants"，可知 IARC的主要目的是评估空气质量；故选A．
63．D．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段"Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide，this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay"，可知国际社会应该立即采取行动，因为全世界很多人受到空气污染的影响；故选D．

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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6．-It's useless crying over spoiled milk，________？
-It's better late than never．Actually，no one has expected it，________？（　　）
A．is it； have theyB．isn't it； have they
C．isn't it； hasn't heD．is it； hasn't he
10．
A．The benefit of Smart Grid technology to daily life
B．Background for the emerging of Smart Grid technology
C．The side-effects Smart Grid technology causes
D．People's attitudes towards Smart Grid technology
E．The supporting system of Smart Grid technology
F．The challenges Smart Grid technology meet with
76．B
There are increasing fears of global warming．Consequently，many countries are focusing on the switch to a low carbon economy．This shift will lead to major changes in the supply and use of electricity．To meet these challenges，countries are investing in Smart Grid （智能电网） technology．This system aims to provide the electricity industry with a better understanding of power generation and demand to create a more efficient power network．
77．E
Smart Grid technology basically involves the application of a computer system to the electricity network．The computer system can be used to collect information about supply and demand and improve engineer's ability to manage the system．With better information about electricity demand，the network will be able to increase the amount of electricity delivered per unit generated，leading to potential reductions in fuel needs and carbon emissions （排放）．
78．A
Smart Grid technology is profitable to consumers too．They will be able to collect real-time information on their energy use for each appliance．Varying tariffs （收费标准） throughout the day will give customers the motivation to use appliances at times when supply greatly exceeds （超过） demand，leading to great reductions in bills．
79．F
With these changes comes a range of things to be overcome．The first involves managing the supply and demand．Sources of renewable energy，such as wind，wave and solar，are unpredictable，and nuclear power，which is also set to increase as nations switch to alternative energy sources，is inflexible．A second problem is the fact that many renewable power generation sources are located in remote areas，such as windy uplands and coastal regions．
80．D
Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy，experimental plans to promote and test it are already underway．Consumers are currently testing the new smart meters which can be used in their homes to manage electricity use．Cities are investing money into smart energy，due to the high population density and high energy use．It is here where Smart Technology is likely to be promoted first，making use of a range of sustainable （可持续的） power sources，transport solutions．
7．"People should have one meat-free day a week if they want to make a personal and effective sacrifice that would help deal with climate change，"the world's leading authority on global warming has told The Observer．
Dr Rajendra Pachauri，chair of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change，said that people should then go on to reduce their meat consumption even further．
Pachauri，who was re-elected the panel's chairman for a second six-year term last week，said diet change was important because of the huge greenhouse gas emissions （排放） and other environmental problems associated with raising cattle and other animals．"It was relatively easy to change eating habits compared to changing means of transport，"he said．
The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation has estimated that meat production accounts for nearly a fifth of global greenhouse gas emissions．These are produced during the production．For example，ruminants （反刍动物），particularly cows，give off a gas called methane，which is 23times more effective as a global warming agent than CO2．
Pachauri can expect some opposite responses from the food industry to his advice，though last night he was given unexpected support by Masterchef presenter and restaurateur John Torode．"I have a little bit and enjoy it，"said Torode．"Too much for any person is bad．But there's a bigger issue here：where the meat comes from．If we all bought British and stopped buying imported food，we'd save a huge amount of carbon emissions．"
Professor Robert Watson，the chief scientific adviser for the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs，said government could help educate people about the benefits of eating less meat，but it should not regulate．"Eating less meat would help，there's no question about that，"Watson said．
However，Chris Lamb，head of marketing for pig industry group BPEX，said the meat industry had been unfairly targeted and was working hard to find out which activities had the biggest environmental impact and reduce them．"Some ideas were contradictory，"he said．"For example，one solution to emissions from cattle and other animals was to keep them indoors，but this would damage animal welfare．Climate change is a very young science and our view is there are a lot of simple solutions being proposed．"

56．What is directly related to global warming？C
A．Consumption of meat．     B．Growth of cattle．
C．Methane from ruminants．  D．Processing of meat．
57．Who holds a view opposite to the others'in the passage？D
A．Rajendra Pachauri．  B．John Torode．  C．Robert Watson．  D．Chris Lamb．
58．It is implied in the passage thatD．
A．we should try to keep away from cattle   B．ruminants should not be left outdoors
C．the meat industry will soon close down   D．we must do our duty to save the earth
59．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage？A
A．Less meat，slower global warming
B．More animals，more greenhouse gas
C．Less imported food，better our environment
D．Greater diet change，smaller climate change．
14．LOS ANGELES （Reuters）---Onions make you cry，add flavor to food and are talked about a lot for their medicinal benefits．Now the vegetable has another use---powering up green energy．
A new system debuts on Friday that changes onion juice into electricity at Gills Onions，the largest fresh onion processor （加工机） in the United States．
The Oxnard，California-based company expects its new onion-fueled power to reduce its electric bill by﹩700，000 a year and cut its annual greenhouse gas releasing by up to 30，000 tons．The happy ending to this green energy tale，however，generated another question：how to get rid of onion waste．"When we peel an onion，35 to 40 percent of the onion comes off before we have a usable onion．That's the top，tail and skins around the onion before you get to the meat，"said Steven Gill，co-owner of the 25-year-old company．
They used to take the waste to the fields for composting （堆肥） but that became a problem as it cost too much．Ten years ago，Gill started looking at technology for a solution．"We ended up destroying the skins as they c ome out of the plant and extracting all the juice，which is very high in sugars，and bacteria love it，"Gill said．
In the new system，bacteria produce methane gas（沼气） from the juice．The gas then goes to two 300 kilowatt fuel cells，creating enough power for 460 homes．The company expects to get 35 to 40 percent of its electricity from this new system．
The company invested﹩9.5 million in the project and will receive﹩2.7 million from Southern California Gas Co．，a regulated subsidiary of Sempra Energy，as part of a state program to encourage self-contained generation by businesses．In addition to cutting its electric bill，the company will save﹩400，000 in costs of taking the waste to the fields and expects pay-back in six years．
The onion grower now has a new goal：to be a zero-waste facility by 2013．
"We wanted to follow it all the way through and make the full circle，"Gill said．

41．What would be the best title for this passage？D
A．Onions are made use of in America now
B．US company finds a new way to reduce costs
C．Onions are widely used to produce electricity now
D．US company turns onion juice into electricity
42．According to the passage，we can learn that in the pastB．
A．onion waste was a problem for most people
B．a big part of an onion was wasted
C．onions were mainly used as medicine
D．onions were not liked by most people
43．In the new system，onions can be used to produce electricity mainly becauseD．
A．the skins of onions can be destroyed easily
B．the onion waste is taken to the fields
C．a lot of bacteria are put into onions
D．bacteria can produce methane gas from onion juice
44．It is implied in the passage thatD．
A．every family can use onions to produce electricity
B．this new technology is not well received by some people
C．onions have played the most important role in producing power
D．using onions to produce electricity will help reduce pollution
45．In which part of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage？A
A．Science    B．Education   C．Health   D．Agriculture．
4．Anchors on China Central Television （CCTV） will need to do some fast talking to replace the popular English acronyms（首字母缩略词） they're now banned from using．Shanghai Daily reports that"anchors at China Central Television[CCTV]have been banned from saying the English acronyms NBA，CBA，GDP，and the like in their programs．"
The replacement for those handy acronyms？Chinese presenters must use the full Chinese name，standardized by the State Administration of Radio，Film and Television．
Although CCTV （oops，we mean China Central Television） presenters must already have a score of at least 94 in their government-rated oral Mandarin proficiency exam，saying the full name of organizations like the CBA or WTO-10 and 6 character's long separately-is sure to challenge even the most skillful anchors．CCTV sports anchor Sun Zhengping tells Shanghai Daily，"A full Chinese explanation of the English initials must be followed if my tongue slips．It is a little trouble but a necessary one because not every audience member can understand the initials．"
Although the government isn't giving any official explanation for the shift，it is believed to have to do with a proposal by Huang Youyi，director of the China International Publishing Group，at March's NPC meeting．In his speech，Huang said，"With more and more publications mixing Chinese with English，measures and regulations should be adopted to avoid English invading Chinese．If we don't pay attention and don't take measures to stop the expansion of mixing Chinese with English，Chinese won't be a pure language in a couple of years．"
Although China is far from the first country to take measures to protect local languages （the French and Québécois beat them to it by a long way），acronyms are more about saving time than they are about corrupting a language，we would think．Good luck to the CCTV anchors．
56．CCTV anchors have to"do some fast talking"because they can no longerB．
A．speak as slowly as they like                           
B．mix English into Chinese
C．use shortened Chinese expressions            
D．have so much time for their program
57．According the writer，"CBA"is supposed to be replaced with"A"by CCTV anchors．
A．中国男子篮球甲级联赛                              
B．中国篮球协会全国男女篮球职业联赛
C．中国篮球联赛                                                 
D．The Chinese Basketball Association
58．When Sun Zhengping said"if my tongue slips"，he meant"if IA"．
A．habitually use an English acronym               
B．speak a little bit too fast
C．make a mistake in pronunciation                 
D．say something impolite or improper
59．What's Huang Youyi's proposal？D
A．Using full English names instead of short forms．
B．Translating Chinese terms into proper English．
C．Avoiding Chinese words mixing into English．
D．Keeping our mother tongue as a pure language．
60．What's the main idea of the last paragraph？B
A．China has fallen behind in the matter．
B．The ban is not necessary．
C．Chinese shouldn't be corrupted．
D．CCTV anchors will have a hard time．
11．Here's a new warning from health experts：Sitting is deadly．Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for prolonged periods-even if you also exercise regularly-could be（36）Afor your health．And it doesn't matter where the sitting takes place-at the office，at school，in the car or before a computer or TV-just the overall number of hours it（37）B
Research is preliminary，but several studies（38）Cpeople who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat，have a heart attack or even die．
In an editorial（39）Dthis week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine，Elin Ekblom-Bak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define（40）Bactivity to highlight the dangers of sitting．
While health officials have issued guidelines（41）Cminimum amounts of physical activity，they haven't suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated（42）D
"After four hours of sitting，the body starts to send（43）Asignals，"Ekblom-Bak said．She explained that genes regulating the amount of glucoseand fat in the（44）Cstart to shut down．
Even for people who（45）D，spending long stretches of time sitting at a desk is still harmful．Tim Armstrong，a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization，said people who exercise every day（46）Cstill spend a lot of time sitting-might get more benefit if that exercise were spread across the day．（47）Ain a single bout．
That wasn't（48）Dnews for Aytekin Can，31，who works at a London financial company，and spends most of his days sitting（49）Ca computer．Several evenings a week，Can also teaches jiu jitsu，a Japanese martial art（50）Bwrestling，and also does Thai boxing．
"I'm sure there are some detrimental（51）Aof staying still for too long，but I hope that being（52）Bwhen I can helps，"he said．"I wouldn't want to think the sitting could be（53）Ddangerous．"
Still，in a study published last year that tracked more than 17，000 Canadians for about a dozen years，researchers found people who sat（54）Chad a higher death risk，independently of whether or not they exercised．
Figures from a US survey in 2003-2004 found Americans spend more than half their time sitting，from working at their desks to sitting in cars．
Experts said more research is needed to（55）Djust how much sitting is dangerous，and wha t might be possible to offset those effects．

36．A．badB．goodC．meanD．dead
37．A．doesB．occursC．matchesD．dies
38．A．adviseB．talkC．suggestD．say
39．A．thrownB．caughtC．seenD．published
40．A．biologicalB．physicalC．psychologicalD．logical
41．A．commendingB．mendingC．recommendingD．communicating
42．A．standB．stateC．postD．position
43．A．harmfulB．carefulC．wonderfulD．skillful
44．A．headB．armC．bodyD．foot
45．A．sleepB．restC．walkD．exercise
46．A．andB．soC．butD．then
47．A．rather thanB．other thanC．more thanD．less than
48．A．badB．harmfulC．disadvantageD．welcome
49．A．behindB．backC．in front ofD．forward
50．A．referringB．involvingC．takingD．bringing
51．A．effectsB．prefectsC．affectsD．offers
52．A．inactiveB．activeC．interactiveD．positive
53．A．suchB．littleC．lotD．that
54．A．lessB．fewerC．moreD．further
55．A．leave outB．bring outC．hold outD．figure out
8．Being the boss might mean more money and challenging work but it can also cause damage to physical and mental well-being，according to a Canadian study．
For years studies have shown people in lower-status jobs generally have higher rates of heart disease and other illnesses and die earlier than those in higher-status positions while job authority has shown no relationship with workers'health．
But University of Toronto researchers，using data from 1，800US workers，found the health of people in higher positions is affected by work as they are more likely to report conflicts with co-workers and say work disturbs their home life．
However，the positive aspects of having a power position at work，such as higher status，more pay and greater independence，seemed to cancel out the negative aspects when it came to people's physical and psychological health．
These latest findings，reported in the journal Social Science & Medicine，suggest that the advantages and disadvantages authority positions basically cancel each other out，giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects．
For the study，the researchers surveyed participants about various aspects of their work，life and well-being．Job authority was judged based on whether a person managed other employees and had power over hiring，firing and pay．
Physical health complaints included problems like headaches，body aches，heartburn and tiredness．Psychological complaints included sleep problems，difficulty concentrating and feelings of sadness，worry and anxiety．
"This isn't to suggest that having authority is‘bad'-in fact，we show it has benefits…but it is important to identify the negative sides and deal with them．"researcher Scott Schieman said．
Schieman said conflicts with co-workers or involvement of work into home life may destroy at physical and mental well-being by creating stress．
"These are key stressors that can tax individuals'ability to function effectively，"Schieman said．

56．Work will have a negative effect on job authority's health probably becauseD．
A．they are not fit for their work
B．they have power over hiring and pay
C．they are faced with severe competition
D．they don't get on well with their co-workers
57．Most people don't see that bosses have health effects becauseD．
A．their health problems are not serious enough to see
B．they have enough money to keep themselves healthy
C．their problems are quite different from those of workers
D．the advantages and disadvantages of their status work against each other
58．From the passage we can infer that the study aims toB．
A．warn people not to be a boss for ever
B．remind the boss to deal with the bad effects of their work
C．show that having authority is harmful to one's health
D．prove that being a boss can benefit a lot
59．The best title for this passage might beB．
A．Lower-status can affect health
B．Authority can affect health
C．Positive aspects of a power position
D．Disadvantages of being a boss．
9．The book _______forty maps，_______that of Great Britain．（　　）
A．contains； includesB．is containing； including
C．includes； containsD．contains； including

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