Have you ever stayed up late? If so, you know that not getting enough sleep can leave you tired and grumpy . Not sleeping enough can also make it harder to think clearly the next day. Sleep experts ha 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

It seems school children all over the world complain about their school food. Cherie Blair, the wife of Prime Minister Tony Blair, said that she would prepare a packed lunch for her son if school dinners do not improve. So what do students of your age eat for lunch at school?
Japan
High schools have canteens(餐厅), which serve everything from noodles to rice, but not burgers and chips. Other children bring food from home such as cold rice balls, meat or fish, pickles(泡菜) and vegetables.
Students take home a menu for the coming month containing notes on nutrition value. Twice a year parents are invited to have a taste of the food. The class with the fewest leftovers(剩饭) at the end of the month receives a prize.
Untied States
A typical menu from a US school is made up of a hamburger with fried potatoes or roast chicken, lettuce and pickles, fruit and cookies. School lunches must also provide at least one-third of the daily dietary allowances(定量) of protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, calcium, and calories.
Australia
Meat pies, sausage rolls and hotdogs are all traditional dishes in Australian school shops. But as the nation pays more attention to children’s health, healthier foods have started to find their way onto school menus.
Many schools have used a traffic light system. The sale of red-labelled foods, including pastries(点心), chocolate and soft drinks, is served only twice a week. Healthier green-labelled foods such as sushi(寿司), sandwiches, corn and watermelon, however, are available every day.
In some schools, students have a choice of up to 89 foods to choose from, including popcorn and rice.
South Africa
Most of South Africa’s schools do not serve meals at all. Classes end at 1:30pm and students get their own lunches. Many students bring food from home, usually sandwiches.
Fast food and fried food sell the best among students, which has led to a rise in obesity among children. But as more people began to realize the fact that being too fat may cause different diseases, some schools in towns have led the way towards better nutrition. Now students at these schools are provided with lunches of porridge(麦片粥) with vegetables, such as cabbages, onions, beans, carrots and tomatoes.
小题1:What does the underlined word “obesity ”in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．school lunch suppliers	B．schoolmasters
C．students of your age	D．nutritionists(营养学家)

Elderly adults who regularly drink green tea may stay more active and independent than their peers over time，according to a Japanese study that covered thousands of people．
Green tea contains antioxidant chemicals that may help ward off the cell damage that can lead to disease．Researchers have been studying green tea's effect on everything from cholesterol(胆固醇)to the risk of certain cancers，with mixed results so far．
For the new Japanese study，researchers decided to examine the question of whether green tea drinkers have a lower risk of frailty and disability as they grow older．
Tomata and his colleagues followed nearly 14，000 adults aged 65 or older for three years．
They found those who drank the most green tea were the least likely to develop “functional disability”，or problems with daily activities or basic needs，such as dressing or bathing．
Specifically，almost 13 percent of adults who drank less than a cup of green tea per day became functionally disabled，compared with just over 7 percent of people who drank at least five cups fl day．
The study did not prove that green tea alone kept people active as they grew older．
Green-tea lovers generally had healthier diets，including more fish，vegetables and fruit，as well as more education．lower smoking rates，fewer heart attacks and strokes，and greater mental sharpness．
They also tended to be more socially active and have more friends and family to rely on．
Although it's not clear how green tea might offer a buffer(缓冲剂)against disability，Tomata's team did note that one recent study found green tea extracts(提炼物)seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women．
While green tea and its extracts are considered safe in small amounts，they do contain caffeine and small amounts of vitamin K，which means it could block drugs that prevent blood thickened．
小题1:Which of the following can summarize the passage best?

A．Green tea makes you less active．

B．Green tea makes you less disabled．

C．Green tea makes you more friendly．

D．Green tea makes you more educated．

小题2:The underlined word“ward off”in Paragraph 2 probably means .

小题3:Tomata and his colleagues wanted to .

A．prove whether the Japanese study is correct

B．know if green tea drinkers are independent

C．help nearly 14，000 adults aged 65 or older

D．study green tea's effect on cholesterol

小题4:Which of the following is NOT the advantage of green tea?

A．Reduce functional disability．

B．Keep old people active．

C．Make more friends．

D．Suffer fewer heart attacks．

小题5:It can be inferred from the last paragraph .

A．green tea is safe to drink

B．green tea should be drunk properly

C．green tea is poisonous for old people

D．vitamin K is helpful to us

A fad diet is a diet that suddenly becomes popular, usually because it promises people that they will lose a lot of weight overnight. Although dieters may really show weight loss from a fad diet, they will almost certainly get back the weight if their usual eating habits (习惯) remain unchanged. Moreover, fad diets continuously call for special products of questionable value or for “health foods” that may cost twice as much as supermarket(超市) foods. Worse yet, certain fad diets don't include nutrients(营养)good for health. People have been known to become very ill as a result of following medically unhealthy diets.
The worse fact of fad diets, though, is that they keep people who are over-weight or sick from receiving the medical care that they truly need.
小题1:The word “fad” in the first sentence means ______.

A．new	B．wonderful
C．popular quickly	D．loved by people

小题2:From the text we know that ______.

A．people refuse to accept fad diets

B．fad diets can help people to lose weight

C．a man can lose weight after eating a fad diet

D．fad diets are now welcomed by people

小题3:In the writer's opinion, fad diets______.

A．are very helpful

B．are not healthy diet

C．won't cost much

D．include lots of nutrients

小题4:The last paragraph tells us ______.

A．that fad dieters are often overweight

B．fad dieters need medical care if they are overweight or sick

C．how fad dieters get sick

D．overweight or sick fad dieter can’t get medical care in time

A team of US psychologists have found that talking to another person for ten minutes a day helps with memory.
"Socializing is just as effective as more traditional kinds of mental exercise in boosting memory and intellectual performance," Oscar Ybarra, a psychologist at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, said in a statement.
In one investigation, they analyzed data on 3610 people, aged 24 to 96.
They found that the higher their level of social interaction (交流), the better their cognitive (认知的) functioning. Social interaction includes getting together or having phone chats with relatives, freinds and neighbors.
In another experiment, the researchers conducted lab tests on 76 college students, aged 18 to 21, to evaluate how social interactions and intellectual exercises affected the results of memory and mental performance tests.
The students were divided into three groups: the social interaction group had a discussion of a social issue for 10 minutes before taking the tests; the intellectual activities group completed three tasks (including a reading comprehension exercise and a crossword puzzle) before the tests; and a control group (对照组) watched a 10-minute clip (电源片段) of the Seinfeld television show.
"We found that short-term social interaction lasting for just 10 minutes improved participants’ intellectual performance as much as engaging in so-called ’intellectual’ activities for the same amount of time," Ybarra said.
The study was expected to be published in the February issue of the journal Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
小题1:The underlined word "boosting" in the second paragraph can be replaced by ______.

小题2:Which is not included in social interaction?

A．Having a talk with a neighbor.	B．Attending a birthday party.
C．Watching TV at home alone.	D．Calling your classmates

小题3:What’s the purpose of the experiment on 76 college students?

A．To judge the effect of social interaction on memory and intelligence.

B．To find out what is real social interaction.

C．To learn how much time is needed for social interaction.

D．To show the function of people’s cognition.

小题4:Which of the following questions may be asked in the social interaction group in the experiment?

A．What does the author want to show us?

B．Do you like living in a big city or a small one?

C．Which word can be used to fill in the blank?

D．What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

小题5:What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Intellectual exercises improve memory.

B．Different people have different ways of communication

C．Communicating with others keeps you healthy.

D．Social interaction makes you smart

A single night of taking the drug Ecstasy (摇头丸) can cause serious brain damage and speed up the start of Parkinson’s disease（帕金森综合症）, scientists say. Just two or three Ecstasy tablets can permanently destroy brain cells that affect movement and reasoning, according to American research that links the drug to Parkinson’s for the first time.
A study by a team at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, involving squirrel monkeys and baboons (狒狒) found that both species suffered permanent damage to key cells, which are lost in Parkinson’s, after receiving three low doses（剂量）of Ecstasy at three-hour periods.
The study is particularly important because baboons are one of the best animal models for the human brain. George Ricaurte, who led the research, said that the widespread abuse of drug might have caused severe damage. “The most troubling result is that young adults using Ecstasy may be increasing their risk of developing Parkinsonism as they get older.”
Alan Leshner, a former director of the US National Institute on Drug Abuse, said, “This study emphasizes the multi-aspect damage that Ecstasy causes to users. We’ve long known that repeated use damages brain cells. But this study shows that even very occasional（偶尔） use can have long-lasting effects on many different brain systems. It sends an important message to young people: don’t experiment with your own brain.”
Janet Betts, a mother whose teenage daughter Leah died after a single Ecstasy tablet in 1995, said, “This comes as no surprise. But people can’t see the effects at first, and they say it won’t happen to them. We’ll see the symptoms later, just as we have with smoking.”
小题1:The article is intended to ______.

A．explain the bad effects of drugs on people’s health

B．warn young people of the risk of taking the drug Ecstasy

C．persuade people out of such bad habits as smoking and using drugs

D．tell us the links between the drug Ecstasy and the animal models

小题2:We know from the passage that a low dose of Ecstasy ______.

A．can permanently destroy one’s brain cells

B．can cause serious brain damage occasionally

C．will result in immediate symptoms

D．may bring on Parkinson’s at once

小题3:Why are squirrel monkeys and baboons involved in the experiments?

A．Because these animals usually take drugs.

B．Because their brain is similar to human beings.

C．Because there is a model in the animals’ brains.

D．Because they will soon get well after the experiment.

小题4:The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably refers to” ”.

A．Leah’s death after a single tablet

B．the symptoms after smoking

C．the damage to the brain systems

D．repeated use of the drug

Ever since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye（颜料） broke, there has been confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection whatever.
Sudan1 is a red industrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food products across the European Union (EU) in July 2003.
Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving to remove some food products from the shelves. So far 580 products have been recalled.
Last week Sudan’s Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification of the origin of the dye’s name.
Omaima Mahmoud Al Sharief, a press official at Sudan’s Embassy in China, explained the purpose of the inquiry was to clear up any misunderstanding over links between the country and the poisonous dye.
　

　"We want to keep an eye on every detail and avoid any misunderstanding there," she said. "Our embassy to Britain asked them how the dye got that name and whether the dye had something to do with our country. But they told us there was no relationship."
The FSA, an independent food security watchdog in Britain, received a letter from the Sudanese embassy last week.
　"They asked us why the dye is named Sudan, however, we also do not know how it got the name," she said. "People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out."
Sudan dyes, which include Sudan1 to 4, are red dyes used for colouring solvents（溶剂）, oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
小题1:What does the underlined word mean in paragraph one?

A．Causing cancer.

B．Having side effect.

C．Containing poison.

D．Poisonous.

小题2:How did the Sudan1 get its name?

A．The dye is often produced in Sudan.

B．The dye has something to do with

the country named Sudan.

C．Nobody is sure of the origin of the name.

D．Many foods produced in Sudan contain the dye.

小题3:We can infer from the passage that .

A．the Sudan government is paying much attention to the food safety

B．Sudan1 is often used to be added to the food

C．people didn’t realize the danger of Sudan1 until 2003

D．many food shops will be closed down

小题4: Which of the following is the best title?

A．Keep away from Sudan1

B．No Sudan1 dye links to the country

C．How Sudan1 dye got its name?

D．Pay attention to the food safety

Choose the yum(美味的东西) and risk the yuk（讨厌的东西）?
Scientists have given us a lot of health warnings. The advice from cancer experts for avoiding bowel(肠) cancer is "try to avoid processed(加工过的) meats such as bacon, ham, corned beef and some sausages", and women fearing breast cancer are told "there doesn't seem to be a starting point at which alcohol consumption is safe",
But all these health warnings tend to have little influence on behavior, So who is being unreasonable —the scientists who give us health advice, or the public that just ignores it?
The curious fact is that both might be right. The reasoning behind these health warnings seems to be this: if you do more of something pleasurable (which we shall give the name “yum”) there is a higher risk of something bad (which we shall give the name “yuk”)occurring, so you should avoid yum.
But when presented with this argument you might ask two questions.
First, maybe the pleasure of yum makes the risk worth taking, especially if yuk might occur a long time in the future? Second, maybe there are other benefits of yum that could cancel out the risks of the particular yuk that has been identified (确认) ?
So suppose bacon sandwiches are your particular yum: research shows that 50g per day — that is a great greasy sandwich — increases your risk of bowel cancer by 20%.
But this means that out of every 100 people who stuffed down that big bacon sandwich every day of their lives, the number of bowel cancers would

rise from five to six.
In addition, if a middle

-aged woman gave up alcohol, it might reduce her risk of breast cancer, but could increase risk of some other cancers as well as heart disease.
So we need to look at the whole picture before trying to get people to change what they do, since everything has benefit and harms — just think of the joggers(慢跑者) who get knocked down by cars — and people need to be able to find their own balance.
Therefore, as you reach for your yum, perhaps sometimes pause a moment and realize that you are taking a gamble(赌博) on the yuk occurring, but that it may be a risk worth taking.
小题1:What is the advice given by scientists for avoiding breast cancer?

A．Try to avoid processed meat.	B．Try to avoid alcohol.
C．Try to choose the yum.	D．Try to risk the yuk.

小题2: What does “this argument” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．If you choose the yum, you will risk the yuk.

B．If you risk the yuk, you’ll choose the yum.

C．The yum is worth taking, especially if yuk might occur in the future.

D．Other benefits of yum could cancel out the risks of the yuk.

小题3:Why do we need to look at the whole picture before trying to get people to change what they do?

A．Because giving up alcohol might reduce breast cancer.

B．Because people are not able to find their own balance.

C．Because all the things have both sides.

D．Because the advice given by scientists is not true.

小题4:According to the passage, which of the following is correct?

A．People are often influenced by the health warnings.

B．Both the scientists and the public are not reasonable.

C．Alcohol consumption has both benefit and harms.

D．People should avoid yum to reduce the risk of yuk.

小题1: If you happen to be the 200th customer to buy Cholesterolblock, you will .

A．be able to buy it at a low price	B．be the luckiest one online
C．try it free of charge	D．change your diet

小题2:Liptor®, Zocor®, Crestor® are .

小题3: Cholestrolblock^TMhas the following advantages EXCEPT that _____________________.

A．it helps take cholesterol out of whatever food you eat.

B．it has been proved useful in hospital testing.

C．it helps people absorb at least 42% cholesterol.

D．it sells best on Internet every month.

小题4:Where can you most probably read this passage?

A．In a travel guide book.	B．On a university bulletin board.
C．In a health magazine.	D．In a doctor's prescription.

A．Too Much Sleep	B．It’s Homework Time
C．Sleep to Succeed	D．Math Problems

A．reduce	B．improve
C．disturb	D．worsen

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