题目内容


A fad diet is a diet that suddenly becomes popular, usually because it promises people that they will lose a lot of weight overnight. Although dieters may really show weight loss from a fad diet, they will almost certainly get back the weight if their usual eating habits (习惯) remain unchanged. Moreover, fad diets continuously call for special products of questionable value or for “health foods” that may cost twice as much as supermarket(超市) foods. Worse yet, certain fad diets don't include nutrients(营养)good for health. People have been known to become very ill as a result of following medically unhealthy diets.
The worse fact of fad diets, though, is that they keep people who are over-weight or sick from receiving the medical care that they truly need.
小题1:The word “fad” in the first sentence means ______.
A．newB．wonderful
C．popular quicklyD．loved by people
小题2:From the text we know that ______.
A．people refuse to accept fad diets
B．fad diets can help people to lose weight
C．a man can lose weight after eating a fad diet
D．fad diets are now welcomed by people
小题3:In the writer's opinion, fad diets______.
A．are very helpful
B．are not healthy diet
C．won't cost much
D．include lots of nutrients
小题4:The last paragraph tells us ______.
A．that fad dieters are often overweight
B．fad dieters need medical care if they are overweight or sick
C．how fad dieters get sick
D．overweight or sick fad dieter can’t get medical care in time

小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:B
小题4:A
本文是关于健康饮食一篇短小的说明文。
小题1:猜测词义题。根据第一句意思这种饮食突然变得受欢迎。应该是一种新型的饮食。
小题2:细节题。根据2,3行的Although dieters may really show weight loss from a fad diet可以知道这种饮食的确能减肥。
小题3:细节题。根据第一段最后三行这种饮食并不是一种健康的饮食。
小题4:细节题。根据最后一段的they keep people who are over-weight or sick from receiving the medical care that they truly need.得知答案为A。
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Below is some advice on how to prevent cancer:
8 Ways to Avoid Cancer in Your Life
1. Eat Blueberries
Aside from being a healthy and delicious snack, blueberries contain pterostilbene, which has important colon（结肠） cancer-fighting prosperities. But wait, it gets better. Blueberries also offer a large dose of vitamins C (14 milligrams per cup). So at breakfast, try to take in a cup and a half of blueberries in your cereal or yogurt, or mixed with other berries.
2. Drink Pomegranate（石榴）Juice
The deep red juice of the pomegranate contains polyphenols, isoflavones and ellagic acid, which together create a powerful anticancer mixture. Most recently, researchers from the University of Wisconsin at Madison has discovered that 16 ounces of pomegranate juice per day also may inhibit the growth of lung cancer.
3. Relax
Feeling stressed or worried? Find ways to relax and you may reduce your chances of developing cancer. Purdue University researchers tracked 1,600 men over 12 years and found that half of those with high levels of worry died during the study period. Only 20 percent of the optimists died before the study were completed, while 34 percent of the extremely anxious men died of some type of cancer. Instead of stressing about the past or future, focus on the present and relax!
4. Take Selenium（硒）
Selenium is well known for its cancer-fighting properties. In a study of almost 1,000 men, researchers from the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that when men with the lowest initial levels of selenium in their bodies received a daily supplement over a 4 year period, they cut their prostate（前列腺） cancer risk by a remarkable 92 percent. However, it is possible to get too much of a good thing, so monitor your intake of selenium-containing supplements, Brazil nuts, tuna, meats and grains carefully.
5. Eat Sushi（寿司）
Seaweed may not be your idea of a great snack, but it is high in fiber, calcium and iron, and dry, roasted seaweed sheets used in sushi provide the additional benefits of vitamins A and C. Sushi rolls are also high in protein— a typical spicy tuna roll has only 290 calories but packs 24 grams of protein. So don’t skimp（节省）on the Sushi!
6. Enjoy the Outdoors
Vitamin D causes early death of cancer cells. A study published in the American Journey of Clinical Nutrition reported that women who supplemented their diets with 1,000 international. Units of vitamin D every day had a 60 percent to 77 percent lower incidence of cancer ever a four-year period that did women taking a placebo(无效对照剂). Experts recommend supplementing your fun in the sun with 1,100 to 2,000IU of vitamin D each day.
7. Breathe Clean Air
There’s no question that secondhand smoke kills. A recent American Journal of Public Health study showed that nonsmokers working in smoky places had three times the amount of carcinogen（致癌物质） in their urine（尿） than nonsmokers working in smoke-free locations. What’s worse, their levels of the carcinogen rose 6 percent for every hour worked. Nine states have banned smoking in all workplaces, bars and restaurants. The message is clear: Do whatever you can to avoid the cloud of smoke.
8. Break a Sweat
Even a small amount of exercise can offer major cancer-fighting benefits. In a study of 29,110 men published in the International Journal of Cancer, men who exercised just once a week had a percent lower risk of metastasis(转移性) prostate cancer than men who didn’t work out at all. The better the frequency, duration and intensity of the exercise, the bigger the reduction in risk, according to the study.
小题1:To prevent yourself from catching colon cancer, you should eat ____ as often as possible.
A．sushiB．blueberriesC．pomegranatesD．Vitamin D
小题2:A person is very likely to catch some type of cancer if ______.
A．he is very fond of exercise every day.
B．he is addicted to smoking
C．he is always feeling extremely stressed or worried
D．he likes to have meals in restaurants
小题3:_____ will remarkably reduce the risk of men’s prostate cancer.
A．Having a daily supplement of selenium
B．Drinking a cup of pomegranate juice every day
C．Breathing fresh air now and then
D．Taking exercise at least once a week
小题4:If you want to keep cancer away, it is particularly important to ______.
A．have a daily supplement of vitamins B and C
B．try to ignore the secondhand smoking
C．take in as many selenium-containing supplements as possible
D．having exercise as often as possible
Why does the rate of heart attacks increase during the World Cup football finals? How can we help an overweight patient to lose weight? They’re just some of the topics covered in a new book by University of Sussex academics, which is helping student doctors to consider the importance of psychology in medical practice.
Psychology for Medicine is the first textbook of its kind, providing medical trainees and new doctors with all the relevant psychological knowledge they need. Previously, students had to refer to many different books for the relevant psychology.
The book, by Sussex psychologists Dr. Sussex Ayers and Dr. Richard de Visser, has been well received by fellow academics and medical doctors and was finished with the help of the students and staff of the Brighton and Sussex Medical School. The students proofread（校对） the chapters, provided ideas for the content and even modeled for the photographs. The book provides a solid grounding in psychological study relevant to medicine, along with practical tips and advice for practice. One student, Simon Hall, drew cartoons for the book.
The study psychology is important for doctors for a number of reasons. Psychological and physical symptoms are highly related. Up to a third of patients will have psychological disorders, while physical causes are usually only found in around 15 per cent of people’s symptoms. In treatment, a lot of the effect drugs can be due to patients believing they will recover rather than the drug itself.
Dr. Ayers says, “The important thing about this book is that it’s applied science --- it shows why psychology is important to medicine and how we should use it. The book’s presentation is really important. It’s not just lots of theory, but full of tips and advice so that students can take what they learn in the classroom and apply it to real-life situations.”
小题1:The book Psychology for Medicine is mainly written for ________.
A．scientistsB．overweight peopleC．patientsD．student doctors
小题2:What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The topics of the book.B．The comments on the book.
C．The contributors to the book.D．The characteristics of the book.
小题3:According to the text, the book Psychology for Medicine _________.
A．is a bit difficult to understand.
B．is mainly about how to lose weight.
C．included tips on training football players.
D．focuses on the importance of psychology in treatment
小题4:We can infer that the text is a(n) ______.
A．research reportB．introduction to a book
C．advertisement for a bookD．introduction to a psychologist
For well over a thousand years, smallpox was a disease that everyone feared. The disease killed much of the native population in South America when the Spanish arrived there in the early sixteenth century. By the end of the eighteenth century, smallpox was responsible for about one in ten deaths around the world. Those who survived the disease were left with ugly scars on their skin.
It had long been well known among farmers that people who worked with cows seldom caught smallpox; instead, they often caught a similar but much milder disease called cowpox (牛痘) . A British doctor called Jenner was extremely interested in this, and so he studied cowpox. He believed that, by vaccinating (给接种疫苗) people with the disease, he could protect them against the much worse disease smallpox. In 1796, he vaccinated a boy with cowpox and, two months later, with smallpox. The boy did not get smallpox. In the next two years, Jenner vaccinated several children in the same way, and none of them got the disease．
News of the success of Jenner’s work soon spread. Vaccination soon became a common method to protect people against other diseases caused by virus, such as rabies (狂犬病), and vaccines were sent across the world to the United States and India.
It took nearly two centuries to achieve Jenner’s dream of getting free of smallpox from the whole world. In 1967, the world Health Organization (WHO) started a great vaccination program, and the last known case of smallpox was recorded in Somalia in 1977. The story of vaccinations does not end there, however. There are many other diseases that kill more and more people every year. Besides, many new diseases are being discovered. The challenge for medical researchers will, therefore, probably continue for several more centuries
小题1:Smallpox was so serious that _________________ by the end of l8th century
A．its death rate was up to ten percent
B．those who caught it were certain to die
C．one in ten people in the world died of smallpox
D．one in ten deaths in the world was caused by smallpox
小题2:Edward Jenner discovered that vaccination with cowpox could ____________.
A．make smallpox much milder
B．stop people from getting smallpox
C．protect people against any disease
D．prevent people’s scars after smallpox
小题3:Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A．The first experiment with cowpox was made by a British doctor.
B．After 1977 smallpox disappeared around the world according to WHO.
C．Vaccination had existed among ordinary farmers before being discovered.
D．Vaccination can be used to protect people in the world against not only smallpox.
小题4:The author of the passage thinks that _________________.
A．vaccinations bring many new problems
B．vaccinations end the spread of diseases
C．there is a long way to go to fight against diseases
D．there is a long way to go to discover new diseases

If you have to miss a meal a day, which meal will cause you fewest health problems if you don’t eat it? If you have to make a decision of this type, most people (especially very busy people) will choose to skip breakfast.
However, many experts in the field of health consider breakfast ( the meal which “break” you “fast” ) to be the most important t meal of the day. If we eat a good breakfast, they say, we will have the energy and nutrients (营养) we need to begin our working day with vigor(活力) and stay hopeful with good honor. However, many people skip breakfast or substitute a cup of coffee for a well balanced meal. What happens if we ignore the importance of breakfast?
One recent study conducted in the United States tested a large number of people. Participants included both males and females who ranged in age from 12 to 83. The results showed that if a person eats an adequate breakfast, he or she will work more efficiently and more productively than if he or she skips breakfast or eats a very poor breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person’s work involves mental(脑力的) activities. The study showed that if school-children eat fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, they will learn more quickly and will be able to concentrate (集中)on their lessons for a longer period of time than if their breakfast is inadequate.
The study also showed that contrary to what people believe, if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry if they skip breakfast that they eat too much for lunch and end up gaining weight instead of losing. So remember, if you want to lose weight, skipping breakfast will not help you. You will likely lose more weight if you decrease your other meals.
小题1:According to experts, breakfast is the most important meal of the day because _____.
A．a good breakfast breaks you down fast
B．you’ll lose weight quickly if you skip breakfast
C．breakfast provides what a person needs to work
D．after a long night, you’ll feel very hungry
小题2:The underlined part “substitute a cup of coffee for a well balanced meal”(Para. 2) probably means _______.
A．to exchange a cup of coffee for a well balanced meal.
B．To drink a cup of coffee instead of a well balanced meal.
C．To change a cup of coffee into a well balanced meal.
D．To regard a cup of coffee as a well balanced meal.
小题3:The example of school-children in para.3 shows that _______.
A．school-children will be quick and attentive all day if they eat breakfast
B．a proper breakfast will make mental workers more efficient
C．fruit, eggs, bread and milk are the best breakfast for mental workers
D．school-children who have breakfast are much brighter than those who don’t
小题4:Which of the following is NOT true according to Para. 4?
A．Some people skip breakfast because they want to be slimmer.
B．Most people who skip breakfast actually eat more for lunch.
C．People put on weight because they eat too much breakfast.
D．Skipping breakfast won’t help people who want to lose weight.
小题5:The best title of the passage is _______.
A．How to Lose Weight
B．What’s a Healthy Diet
C．Surprising Results of a Study
D．Breakfast – A Meal That Breaks You Fast
For centuries, the body's blood has been linked closely with the emotions．People who show no human emotions or feelings, are said to be cold-blooded killer．For example, the police are searching for a cold-blooded killer．He seems to kill for no reason, and no emotion, as if taking someone's life as nothing．
Cold can affect other parts of the body．The expression "get cold feet" has nothing to do with cold or your feet．The expression means being afraid to do something you have decided to do．For example, you agree to be president of an organization．But then you learn that all the other officers have resigned, and all the work of the organizations will be your responsibility．You are likely to get cold feet about being president when you understand the situation.
The expression "give someone the cold shoulder" probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone, instead of speaking to him face to face．You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to you．Or, to someone who has lied about you to others.
A cold fish is not a fish．It is a person．But it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and shows no love or warmth．A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone．Someone who is a cold fish could be cold-hearted．Now a cold-hearted person is someone who has no sympathy．Several popular songs in recent years were about cold-hearted men or cold-hearted women who, without feelings, broke the hearts of their lovers.
"Out in the cold" means not getting something that everybody else got．A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise——he was left out in the cold．And it is not a pleasant place to be.
小题1:When you refuse to speak to a man and treat him in a distant way, you may express by "_____"．
A．I give him the cold shoulderB．I think he is a cold-blooded man
C．I think he is a cold fishD．I'm likely to get cold feet
小题2:If Sue shows absolutely no reaction to those awful pictures of starving children in Africa, you will say ______．
A．she is a cold-blooded killerB．she gets cold feet
C．she is a cold fishD．she is out in the cold
小题3:We can use the expression "_____" to describe a man who abandons or hurts his lover without mercy．
A．cold-bloodedB．cold shoulder C．cold feetD．cold-hearted
小题4:The topic of this passage is about _____．
A．the relationship between cold and our bodyB．some expressions about friendship
C．some expressions connected with coldD．how cold weather comes into being
Have you ever stayed up late? If so, you know that not getting enough sleep can leave you tired and grumpy . Not sleeping enough can also make it harder to think clearly the next day.
Sleep experts have long known that getting a good night’s sleep is important.
It helps kids perform their best during the day. A recent study shows that sleep helps improve problem--- solving skills and creative thinking.
For the study, two groups of volunteers answered a math problem. The group that slept for eight hours solved the problem correctly more often than the group that did not get enough sleep.
While you sleep, your brain is busy doing its “homework”. It sorts out information from your day. Getting enough sleep each night can boost your brainpower. That will help you do your best in school. Experts say that, in return, can lead to better grades.
小题1:What is the best title for the passage?
A．Too Much SleepB．It’s Homework Time
C．Sleep to SucceedD．Math Problems
小题2:The underlined word “boost” in paragraph 5 means ________.
A．reduceB．improve
C．disturbD．worsen
小题3:Why is sleep important?
A．It can improve problem-solving skills and creative thinking
B．It will help you do your best in school
C．It helps your brain sort out information from your day.
D．All of the above
小题4: What did the results of a recent sleep study show?
A．People who sleep enough are good at math
B．Sleep is important for learning
C．If you get enough sleep, you don’t have to do your homework
D．Adults need more sleep than kids
Baths have long been considered of medical importance to man. In Greece there are the ruins of a water system for baths built over 3,000 years ago. The Romans had warm public baths. In some baths, as many 3,000 persons could bathe at the same time.
Treating disease by taking bathing has been popular for centuries. Modern medical bathing first became popular in Europe and by the late 1700’s has also become popular in the United States.
For many years frequent bathing was believed to be bad for one’s health. Ordinary bathing just to keep clean was avoided, and perfume was often used to cover up body smells!
By the 1700’s doctors began to say that soap and water were good for health. They believed that it was good for people to be clean. Slowly, people began to bathe more frequently. During the Victorian Age of the late 19th century, taking a bath on Saturday night became comon.
In the United States ordinary bathing was slow to become popular. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, many Americans were known as “The Great Unwashed!” In one American city , for example, a person was only allowed to take a bath every thirty days! That was a law!
Frequency of bathing today is partly a matter of habit. People know that bathing for cleanliness is important to health, Doctors know that dirty bodies increase the chance of diseases. As a result, in the United States, people generally bathe often. Some people bathe once a day at least. They consider a daily bath essential to good health.
小题1:A water system for baths was built by _______ over 3,000 years ago.
A．the Romans B．the Greeks
C．the AmericansD．the Europeans
小题2:Dirty bodies can ______ .
A．ruin one’s businessB．cause disease
C．drive customers awayD．cause good health
小题3:In the 18th century doctors believed that being clean was     .
A．unimportantB．good for healthC．harmfulD．important
小题4:The underlined word perfume probably means     .
A．a sweet smelling substanceB．good health
C．a strange smelling substanceD．large wealth
小题5:Which of the following gives the main idea of the passage?
A．Everybody in America takes a daily bath.
B．We should often take baths
C．Taking baths has become popular in the world.
D．Bathing has become easier and cheaper.
Forgiving someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing. Several new studies, however, say that it could have a lot of health benefits. When you think of forgiveness, you probably don’t think of it as being a health or medical problem. Studies from Stanford University, on the other hand, show that something like anger can change your well-being.
When cartoon book characters like the Incredible Hulk get angry, they change colours and often gain special power. In the real world, anger is less obvious and may be more dangerous. That’s why Professor Fred Luskin, founder of the Stanford Forgiveness Project and author of Forgive for Good, says holding on to anger and hatred can harm your physical and mental health. Two new studies seem to show the same idea.
The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less depression. They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure, and fewer problems on sleeping.
So it doesn’t matter if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important. Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help. Or just ask yourself if it’s worth hurting yourself by staying angry with someone else.
Forgiveness does not mean that you simply accept what happened and say it’s OK. Instead, it’s a way of making peace with yourself about what happened in the past.
小题1: The author of the passage tries to make his viewpoint clear ______.
A．by raising his own examplesB．based on his own experience
C．by mentioning some studiesD．by mentioning some typical patients
小题2: The example of the cartoon book characters is taken in the passage to______.
A．support the viewpoint that anger and hatred harm physical and mental health
B．introduce a famous expert
C．let the reader know the different colours of cartoon faces
D．show how to control one’s temper
小题3:The underlined phrase“holding on to”in this passage possibly means“______”.
A．removingB．keeping upC．getting rid ofD．learning about
小题4: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage?
A．People who are able to forgive feel less stress.
B．People who are able to forgive feel less depression.
C．People who are able to forgive have fewer problems on sleeping.
D．People who are able to forgive feel less tired.
小题5:The best title for this passage is probably _______.
A．ForgivenessB．Forgiveness Is Good for Health
C．A Secret to Keeping HealthD．Anger Is Bad for Health

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