题目内容

20.Robot Surgeon(外科医生) Succeeds without Help from Human Doctors
Humans make mistakes.Even surgeons with years of experience are not infallible.But what if these doctors could pool their knowledge and experience together and create a surgical standard of care,to be carried out by machines?
That's the idea behind surgical robots,which may soon perform most surgeries,from sewing up tiny wounds to performing heart procedures.Many of these operations are,in fact,already completed with the assistance of robots.But a recent test suggests that robots in the operating room may soon go a step further,performing on soft tissue completely on their own,from start to finish.
The Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot(STAR),successfully completed surgeries on pigs."We're the first group to develop autonomous robotic surgery with soft-tissue surgery,and when compared to standard operation,it's better,"says Peter Kim,professor of surgery."The idea is not to replace surgeons; it will make the surgeons better and make the procedures safer."
A recent Mayo Clinic study found that major surgical errors-including operating on the wrong site or side of the body,or even leaving tools or objects inside the patient-occur every one out of 22,000procedures.That's rare,but robots like STAR would aim to lower the number even further.
In the da Vinci surgical system,surgeons place their arms inside instruments and use their hands to control the movement of robotic tools on the operating table from afar.The robot's every major move is controlled by surgeons,and thus its results may vary based on the surgeon's training or experience.
STAR,on the other hand,is entirely autonomous.It's not only able to work on its own and perform surgeries with a more flexible"hand",but it's able to react to the unexpected incidents.Cutting into hard tissue like bones is one thing,but operating on moving soft tissue is far more complex.STAR reacts to a changing environment,similar to how self-driving cars are programmed to not only drive on the highway,but also react to another driver making a mistake and getting in your way.

63.The underlined word"infallible"in Paragraph 1probably meansA.
A.always right
B.really creative
C.rather responsible
D.quite smart
64.We can learn from the passage that STARB.
A.has been widely used in the operating room
B.can perform the operation on its own
C.can make surgeries much faster
D.will take the place of surgeons
65.In the da Vinci surgical system,B.
A.robots are trained from afar
B.surgery results depend on surgeons
C.robots always make mistakes
D.surgeons have trouble controlling robots
66.In the last paragraph,the author mentions self-driving cars in order to showC.
A.how bad getting in another driver's way might be
B.how difficult self-driving on the highway is
C.how smart an autonomous robot can be
D.how dangerous operating on people is.

分析 短文主要描述了智能组织自动机器人的发明能帮助外科医生进行手术,展示了现代机器人的有效性和实用性.

解答 63.A,词义猜测题,根据前面提到的Humans make mistakes"人都会犯错误",可以推测即使有着多年经验的外科医生也不总是对的,故答案为A.
64.B,细节理解题,根据句子But a recent test suggests that robots in the operating room may soon go a step further,performing on soft tissue completely on their own,from start to finish.可知,STAR会自己进行手术,故答案为B.
65.B,细节理解题,根据句子The robot's every major move is controlled by surgeons,and thus its results may vary based on the surgeon's training or experience.可知,达芬奇手术系统的结果完全取决于外科医生的水平,故答案为B.
66.C,细节理解题,根据句子STAR reacts to a changing environment,similar to how self-driving cars are programmed to not only drive on the highway,but also react to another driver making a mistake and getting in your way.可知,自动驾驶汽车不仅能在高速公路行走,还能根据不同的情境做出反应,作者提及自动驾驶汽车为了说明现在的自动机器人是如何聪明,故答案为C.

点评 解答任务型阅读理解题,首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意.因为阅读理解题一般没有标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能多地捕获信息材料.其次,细读题材,各个击破.掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息.最后,要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性.对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析,仔细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到稳、准.

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15.The number of Japanese students in the Chinese mainland is more than those studying in the US,according to Japan's Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology,a Taiwan news outlet reported on Monday.
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5.Modern zoos are different from those built fifty years ago.Those zoos were places where people could go to see animals from many parts of the world.The animals lived in cages with iron bars.Although the zoo keepers took good care of them,many of the animals did not feel comfortable,and they often felt ill.
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A.This time there was no tent.
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C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then,however.
E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F.After the trip,my family became quite interested in camping.
G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
9.Fifteen years ago,I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy.After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea,white buildings and green olive trees,I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately,just as I took out my camera,a woman approached from behind,and planted herself right in front of my view.Like me,this woman was here to stop,sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was,after about 15 minutes,my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take,I grew frustrated.Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape?Sure,I could have asked her,but something prevented me from doing so.She seemed so content in her observation.I didn't want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored.The woman was still there.I decided to take the photo anyway.And now when I look at it,I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting.The landscape,beautiful on its own,somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo,with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who"ruined"it,now hangs on a wall in my bedroom.What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger's bedroom wall?A bedroom,after all,is a very private space,in which some woman I don't even know has been immortalized(使…永存).In some ways,she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others'spaces.Perhaps this is what photos are for:to remind us that we all appreciate beauty,that we all share a common desire for pleasure,for connection,for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder,a captured moment,an unspoken conversation between two women,separated only by a thin square of glass.

41.What happened when the author was about to take a photo?B
A.Her camera stopped working.
B.A woman blocked her view.
C.Someone asked her to leave.
D.A friend approached from behind.
42.According to the author,the woman was probablyA.
A.enjoying herself
B.losing her patience
C.waiting for the sunset
D.thinking about her past
43.In the author's opinion,what makes the photo so alive?C
A.The rich color of the landscape.
B.The perfect positioning of the camera.
C.The woman's existence in the photo.
D.The soft sunlight that summer day.
44.The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understandD.
A.the need to be close to nature
B.the importance of private space
C.the joy of the vacation in Italy
D.the shared passion for beauty
45.The passage can be seen as the author's reflections uponA.
A.a particular life experience
B.the pleasure of traveling
C.the art of photography
D.a lost friendship.

“It’s a big hammer to crack a nut.” This is how one angry parent described the recent crackdown(强制措施)by London police on parents who drop their kids off at school by car. Yes, you read that correctly—the very mode of transportation that many American schools insist—the only safe way to deliver kids to school is now being criminalized in the United Kingdom.

The decision to fine any vehicles seen dropping off or picking up kids with in a particular zone of east London comes from city councillors’(议员) long-term efforts to make the area safer and less crowded. They say they’ve been trying for years “to encourage sensible driving and parking”, but in vain. Neighborhood residents complain frequently about their driveways being blocked by illegally parked cars for 15 minutes or more,often while they’re trying to get to work, and the streets are long overcrowded.

Now the rules have changed. Some parents are angry. Angie Baillieul is a mother who made the “big hammer” comment and says the crackdown is “way over the top.” The nearest drop-off point for her six- year-old is now a five-minute walk from the school. Others are happy with the decision, severe though it may seem. Councillor Jason Frost said :

“Traffic has significantly reduced,and more children are now walking to school, which is a great outcome. I would rather have complaints that we are slightly inconveniencing parents than hear that a child had been seriously injured because nothing was done.”

I witness daily the chaos created by these in-town drivers,when I walk my own kids to school. There’s a parking lot overflowing with vehicles and a slow-moving train of cars moving in circles,many filling the air with harmful smokes. Meanwhile, the conversations around child over-weight and the importance of daily physical activity continue to stand out in schools.

1.Why is Angie Baillieul opposed to the new rule?

A. She is often fined by London police. B. She will lose her job as a school driver.

C. She has adapted to the American practice. D. She thinks it adds inconvenience to her son.

2.Why has the new rule been made according to Jason Frost1?

A. On account of massive complaints. B. Because of heavy traffic jams.

C. Owing to safety concern. D. Due to air pollution.

3.What can be seen after the crackdown is carried out?

A. Less daily chaos. B. Favor from all people.

C. More over-weight children. D. Complaints from neighbors.

4.What is the main idea of the text?

A. Parents attempt to resist a school rule.

B. London police cause widespread anger.

C. American schools care about kids7 safety.

D. Different voices are heard on a new traffic policy.

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