Question

7．An accident in a bicycle race in the United States eight years ago alerted James Chang to the importance of sports medicine．One of his riding companions（25）was injured（injure） severely in the accident．
From then on，Chang，45，a Chinese-American who was born in Anhui province，began to launch business relating to physical safety and medical assistance，particularly in sport．So（26）whenhe took up marathon running two years ago he was shocked to see frequent injuries，many of them avoidable．
"I always heard people talking about people in marathons in China dying suddenly，"he says，adding that one reason why many of these deaths happen is（27）thatthere is a lot of ignorance in China about what marathon running involves．
Many amateur runners in China who are highly competitive get carried away and run at a pace that is far in excess of（28）whatthey can expect their body to take，and even ignore clear signals such as pain，Chang says．
As Chinese have placed more emphasis on leading healthy life-styles in recent years，marathon and other long-distance running（29）have become（become） a highly popular sport across the country quickly．
More than 50 China Athletic Association-sanctioned urban marathons were held in the country last year，and 39 races involving more than 750，000 runners were held the year before．However，long-distance running is a serious business that can exact a heavy physical toll on runners．
"Marathon carries（30）higher（high） risks of injury than other forms of sport，"Hou says，adding that the key to avoiding injury is to strengthen the body through regular exercise and to be aware of one's own physical condition．
Although some chronic injuries are hard（31）to avoid（avoid），even for highly experienced runners，cramp，fainting and shock can easily be prevent（32）ifrunners better understand the sport，he says．

Answer 1

分析 本文作者主要讲述了45岁的美籍华人James Chang在体育运动方面开展与身体安全和医疗援助相关业务的起因；对中国赛跑选手现状的分析以及长跑运动在中国受欢迎的程度；并重点讲述了James Chang对于参加马拉松以及其他长跑运动的运动员们避免该运动所造成伤害的方法；James Chang认为，在中国，有人参加完马拉松赛跑猝死的原因之一是由于人们对涉及到马拉松赛跑的很多事情都不了解；中国许多的业余赛跑选手忘乎所以的参与到比赛中去，这远远超出了他们期待自己的身体所能承受的东西，甚至忽略了身体所发出的清晰的信号，如疼痛；在中国各地，马拉松以及其他长跑运动已迅速成为了一种很受欢迎的体育运动；与其他形式的运动相比，马拉松比赛会带来更高风险的伤害；避免伤害的关键是通过经常锻炼，并意识到自己的身体状况，以加强身体锻炼；另外，如果赛跑选手们能更好地了解这项运动，也可以防止抽筋，昏厥和休克等情况的发生．

解答 25．was injured        考查被动语态    此处的主语"One of his riding companions"与动词injure构成被动关系；本句意为：他的一个骑行同伴在事故中遭受了重伤；根据上一句可知，这里讲述的是8年前的事情；故用一般过去时态的被动语态was injured．       
26．when     考查从属连词       分析句意可知，此处引导的应是时间状语从句；意为：因此，当他两年前参加马拉松比赛时，他震惊地看到了频繁的受伤，其中许多是可以避免的；故填when．
27．that      连词that        此处用在系动词is之后，引导表语从句；由于该从句不缺少任何成分并且表达了完整的意思，"在中国，人们对涉及到马拉松赛跑的很多事情都不了解"； 故用连词that．
28．what     考查连接代词      此处用在介词短语 in excess of之后，故本句是宾语从句；意为：他们期待身体所能承受的东西；此处在句中作take的宾语，意为"…的东西"；故填连接代词what．
29．have become     考查时态     根据句意以及句中的时间状语"in recent years"可知，此处表达的是马拉松以及其他长跑运动对现在所产生的影响：即它们迅速在全国各地成为一个很受欢迎的体育运动，故用现在完成时；由于主语"marathon and other long-distance running"指的是马拉松以及其他长跑运动；故用have become．     
30．higher    考查形容词的比较级        根据句意"马拉松比赛与其他形式的运动相比会带来更高风险的伤害"以及句中的连词"than"可知，这里表达的是两者的比较；故用形容词的比较级higher．
31．to avoid     考查固定短语        固定短语be hard to do sth．意为：难于做某事；故填to avoid．    
32．if    考查连词    根据最后一句的句意"即使对非常有经验的运动员来说，虽然一些慢性损伤是难以避免的，但是如果赛跑选手们能更好地了解这项运动，抽筋，昏厥和休克是可以防止的"可知，此处引导的是条件状语从句；故填if．

点评 本题主要考查了各种语法在短文中的具体运用．做本题时，需要在正确理解短文的前提下，逐句分析句意以及所考查到的语法现象；因此在平时的学习中，应熟练掌握各种语法知识，其中包括词法，句法，各种时态语态以及虚拟语气等．