题目内容

16.Scientists from the University of East Anglia have identified four new man-made gases that are contributing to the damage to the ozone(臭氧) layer.Two of the gases are accumulating at a rate that is causing concern among researchers.
Worries over the growing ozone hole have seen the production of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases restricted since the mid 1980s.But the precise origin of these new,similar substances remains a mystery.
Lying in the atmosphere,the ozone layer plays a critical role in blocking harmful UV rays,which cause cancers in humans and reproductive problems in animals.
Scientists from the British Antarctic Survey were the first to discover a huge"hole"in the ozone over Antarctica in 1985.The evidence quickly pointed to CFC gases,which were invented in the 1920s,and were widely used in refrigeration.Extraordinarily,global action was rapidly agreed to deal with CFCs and the Montreal Protocol to limit these substances came into being in 1987.A total global ban on production came into force in 2010.
Now,the newly discovered four new gases can destroy ozone and are getting into the atmosphere from as yet unidentified sources.Three of the gases are CFCs and one is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC),which can also damage ozone.
The research has shown that four gases were not around in the atmosphere at all until the 1960s,which suggests they are man-made.The scientists discovered the gases by analyzing polar snow pack.Air from this snow is a natural archive of what was in the atmosphere up to 100years ago.The researchers also looked at modern air samples,collected at remote Cape Grim in Tasmania.
They estimate that about 74,000tonnes of these gases have been released into the atmosphere.Two of the gases are accumulating at significant rates.However,they don't know where the new gases are being released from and this should be investigated.Possible sources include chemicals  for insecticide(杀虫剂) production and solvents(溶液)  for cleaning electronic ponents.The three CFCs are being destroyed very slowly in the atmosphere-so even if emissions(散发) were to stop immediately,they will still be around for many decades to come.
Of the four species identified,CFC-113a seems the most worrying as there is a very small but growing emission source somewhere,maybe from agricultural insecticides.We should find it and take it out of production.

63.What do we know about the newly discovered gases?B
A.Some are surely produced by the development of agriculture.
B.The CFCs will have a long impact once they are released.
C.They gather together in the atmosphere at a medium speed.
D.Their amounts are not large enough to cause damage to us.
64.The underlined word"archive"in Paragraph 6is closest to the meaning of"D"
A.state          B.resource          C.phenomenon        D.storeroom
65.What will the scientists probably attempt to do about the gases next?C
A.Find out what can replace things like insecticides and put them into use.
B.Find out how they destroy ozone and get rid of those in the atmosphere.
C.Find out where they are exactly from and stop them from being released.
D.Find out if HCFC is more harmful than CFCs and take proper measures.

分析 本文是一个科学研究类阅读.作者通过这篇文章向我们讲述的是科学家在研究中发现,有四种最主要的人造气体释放的时候会破坏臭氧层.但是至今科学家们还不知道这些气体是来自于哪里.

解答 63.B  推理判断题.根据第四段"The evidence quickly pointed to CFC gases,which were invented in the 1920s,and were widely used in refrigeration.Extraordinarily,global action was rapidly agreed to deal with CFCs and the Montreal Protocol to limit these substances came into being in 1987.A total global ban on production came into force in 2010."可知CFCs一旦释放出来就会产生很长时间的影响,故选B.
64.D  词义猜测题.根据第六段划线后Air from this snow is a natural archive of what was in the atmosphere up to 100years ago.The researchers also looked at modern air samples,collected at remote Cape Grim in Tasmania.可知这是长达一百年的天然储藏室,由此推测出这个单词指的是储藏室,故选D.
65.C  推理判断题,根据倒数第二段"However,they don't know where the new gases are being released from and this should be investigated"和最后一段"We should find it and take it out of production."可知科学家尽力想知道这些气体是来自于哪里,这样才能阻止他们被释放.故选C.

点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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6.Energy drinks can cause heart problems in healthy teenagers,scientists fear.Researchers are urging doctors,parents and teachers to monitor children's drinking more closely because marketing them as relieving tiredness and providing physical and mental power ignores major concerns.
Dr Fabian Sanchis-Gomar,of Octubre Hospital,Madrid,and his colleagues said the drinks that have gained popularity among 10to 19-year-olds can trigger sudden heart attacks in young,apparently healthy people.
Previous experiments has shown energy drinks high in caffeine (咖啡因) change the way the heart beats and could increase the risk of potentially deadly heart rhythm problems.In healthy adults who consumed the drinks,the left ventricle-which pumps blood around the body-was contracting harder,and still doing so an hour later.
Energy drinks often contain high amounts of labeled caffeine but can also contain"masked"caffeine in the form of guarana,for example,which comes from a Brazilian plant and is identical to caffeine found in coffee beans.Although caffeine is widely used and generally regarded as safe,serious harmful effects have been reported,especially when consumed in larger amount,said the researchers.
"It is important for physicians to understand the lack of regulation in caffeine content and other ingredients of these high energy drinks and their harms.And parents and children should be educated about the risks and the potential development of anxiety and fears coming with drinking large amounts of energy drinks."
Dr Sanchis-Gomar's team's advice was that one can (250mL) of an energy drink a day is safe for most healthy adolescents,but consumption before or during sports practice should be avoided.

43.The passage is mainly aboutB.
A.negative effects of energy drinks on healthy people
B.potential risks facing teens having energy drinks
C.the danger of heart problems caused by caffeine
D.a new finding of a medical research
44.Which of the following statements about energy drinks is TRUEC?
A.They provide physical and mental power.
B.They lead to deadly heart rhythm problems.
C.They often contain more caffeine than marked.
D.250mL of caffeine a day is safe for adolescents.
45.How does the author draw his conclusion on energy drinksC?
A.By doing survey and interview.
B.By gathering data and description.
C.By describing results of experiments.
D.By making comparison and detective.
46.Which best describes the author's attitude towards the current situationA?
A.Objective.
B.Sympathetic.
C.Approving.
D.Annoyed.
7.Science can't explain the power of pets,but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack,reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.
Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings.For some,an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife.A 2002study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people-half of them pet owners-while they performed 5minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water.Subjects completed the tasks alone,with a husband/wife,a close friend or with a pet.People with pets did it best.Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates.With pets in the room,people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions.It seems people feel more relaxed (放松)around pets,says Allen,who thinks it may be because pets don't judge.
A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits.Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56people without pets were put on a diet program.On average,people lost about I1pounds,or 5% of their body weight.Their dogs did even better,losing an average of 12pounds,more than 15% of their body weight.Dog owners didn't lose any more weight than those without dogs but,say researchers,got more exercise overall-mostly with their dogs-and found it worth doing.

32.What does the text mainly discuss?A
A.What pets bring to their owners.
B.How pets help people calm down.
C.People's opinions of keeping pets.
D.Pet's value in medical research.
33.We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well ifA
A.he has a pet companion
B.he has less stress of work
C.he often does mental arithmetic
D.he is taken care of by his family
34.According to Allen,why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?C
A.They have lower blood pressure.
B.They become more patient.
C.They are less nervous.
D.They are in higher spirits.
35.The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports thatA
A.people with dogs did more exercise
B.dogs lost the same weight as people did
C.dogs liked exercise much more than people did
D.people without dogs found the program unhelpful.
4.On an ordinary weekday evening,Jane was at home as usual.As she was considering what she was going to do with her dinner plans for the evening,she was unexpectedly interrupted by an urgent call from her sister"get over here!"
A few hours later,Jane found herself with 8 strangers in the middle of the boiling desert heat of Utah(犹他州),picking up rubbish and raising awareness about zero.waste and climate change.
Armed with a deep love of the environment and a desire to make a difference,Jane,Davey,and a group of self described"environmental pick-up artists''went on a coast to coast road side rubbish pick-up.As they walked,sometimes only covering 0.9 miles in an entire day,they slowly and steadily made their way across the United States,picking up a total of 201,678 pounds of rubbish.In the end,three years and 3,672 miles later,they dipped their feet in the cold waters of the Pacific.
The road is windy,often up-hill.With a rubbish bag as your companion,how does one remind themselves that picking up that tiny gum wrapper on the ground makes a difference?Where do you find the strength to keep going?As I asked Jane and Davey to answer these questions,they shared remarkable stories of caring environment that gave them the efforts to continue their journey.
A small group of us were lucky enough to spend two hours last Wednesday evening listening to the remarkable stories of Jane and Davey.As they shared their deep concern for the environment,we together experienced their real spirit.Jane and Davey,like so many unknown heroes in our community,might not ever draw much attention like multi-million dollar funded projects.In many ways,it is exactly that which makes their story so attractive.

61.Why did Jane's sister call her?D
A.To inform her to prepare dinner for them.
B.To seek advice on picking up rubbish.
C.To beg her to help them out of trouble.
D.To ask her to join them in their activity.
62.How did the group travel across the United States to gather rubbish?B
A.By bus.  B.On foot   C.By train.D.By bike
63.What drove them to go on with their journey?C
A.Spirit of teamwork.         
B.Interest in traveling.
C.Concern for the environment   
D.Love of natural beauty.
64.What can be concluded from the text?D
A.East or west,home is best.
B.Great times make great man
C.Actions speak louder than words.
D.Ordinary people can do extraordinary things.
65.What's the author's attitude to the actions of the group?A
A.Positive.  B.Critical  C.Casual.D.Sympathetic.
11.How many hours do you spend sitting in a chair every day?Eight hours in the office plus three hours in front of the TV after work is the  norm for many people.
You probably don't need an expert to tell you that sitting too much is not good for your health-from an increased risk of heart disease and obesity in the long term,to reduced cholesterol(胆固醇)maintenance in the short term,not to mention the strain on your neck and spine.
To make matters worse,many researches show a good diet and regular exercise call't reduce the negative effects of sitting too much.
A 2010study of nearly 9,000Australians found that for each additional hour of television a person watched per day,the risk of dying rose by 11percent.Another study tracked the health of 123,000Americans between 1992and 2006.The death rate for men who spent six hours or more per day sitting was about 20percent higher than for men who sat for three hours or less.
So what can we do about it?Health experts suggest we break up those many hours spent sitting with more hours spent standing.
The BBC conducted a simple experiment with a group of 10volunteers who usually spent most of the day sitting.They were asked to stand for at least three hours a day.The researchers took measurements Oil days when the volunteers stood,and when they sat around.When they looked at the data there were some striking differences,the BBC reported.
Blood sugar leveled off much quicker on the days when the study subjects stood compared with the days they spent in a chair.Standing also burned more calories--about 50calories an hour.A member said although doing exercise offers many proven benefits,our bodies also need the increase in muscle activity that standing provides.
The researchers believe that even small adjustments,like standing while talking on the   phone,will help.

56.The underlined word"norm"in Paragraph 1most probably meansA.
A.standard answer    B.cause
C.excuse             D.reasonable explanation
57.What bad effect does sitting too much have?B
A.A low risk of heart disease.      B.Becoming too fat.
C.Balanced cholesterol maintenance. D.Benefiting your neck and spine.
58.What's the main idea of Paragraph 4?A
A.Sitting is killing us.
B.We should have a good diet.
C.Watching TV does us no good.
D.Women have higher death rate than men.
59.What is the purpose of the experiment in the text?C
A.To help the 10volunteers to lose weight.
B.To find the difference between standing and sitting.
C.To prove the benefit of standing.
D.To teach us how to control blood sugar.
60.What would be the best title for the text?B
A.Having regular exercise    B.Standing up for health
C.Watching less TV           D.Increasing muscle activity.
8.My father was a foreman of a sugar-cane plantation in Rio Piedras,Puerto Rico.My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields.I would walk behind an ox,guiding him with a broomstick.For 1 a day,I worked eight hours straight,with no food breaks.
  It was very tedious work,but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.Because the plantation owners were always watching us,I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.I've never been late for any job since.I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for.More importantly,I earned my pay,it never entered my mind to say I was sick just because I didn't want to work.
  I was only six years old,but I was doing a man's job.Our family needed every dollar we could make because my father never earned more than $18 a week.Our home was a three-room wood shack with a dirty floor and no toilet.Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother,father,two brothers and three sisters.This gave me self-esteem(自尊心),one of the most important things a person could have.
When I was seven,I got work at a golf course near our house.My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed,so the golfers could find them.Losing a ball meant you were fired,so I never missed one.Some nights I would lie in bed and dream of making thousands of dollars by playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.
The more I dreamed,the more I thought.Why not?I made my first golf club out of guava limb (番石榴树枝) and a piece of pipe.Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball.And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth.I practiced with the same devotion and intensity.I learned working in the field---except now I was driving golf balls with club,not oxen with a broomstick.

26.The writer's first job wasC.
A.to stand down the fairway at the golf course
B.to watch over the sugar-cane plantation
C.to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields
D.to spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them
27.The underlined word"tedious"in Paragraph 2 most probably meansB.
A.difficult        
B.boring        
C.interesting        
D.unusual
28.The writer learned thatD from his first job.
A.he should work for those who he liked most
B.he should work longer than what he was expected
C.he should never fail to say hello to his owner
D.he should show respect and faith to the people he worked for
29.C gave the writer self-esteem.
A.Having a family of eight people
B.Owning his own golf course
C.Bringing money back home to help the family
D.Helping his father with the work on the plantation
30.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passageA?
A.He wanted to be a successful golfer.
B.He wanted to run a golf course near his house.
C.He was satisfied with the job he got on a plantation.
D.He wanted to make money by guiding oxen with a broomstick.
5.Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do-especially in tight job market.
Bob Crossley,a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day."It's amazing how many candidates eliminate (淘汰) themselves,"he says."Resumes (简历) arrive with faults.Some candidates don't bother to spell the company's name correctly.Once I see a mistake,I refuse the candidates,"Crossley concludes,"If they cannot take care of these details,why should we trust them with a job?"
Can we pay too much attention to details?Absolutely not.
Perfectionists(完美主义者) struggle over little things instead of something larger they work toward."To keep from losing the forest for the trees,"says Charles Garfield,the professor at the University of California,San Francisco,"We must constantly ask ourselves how the details we're working will influence the larger picture.If they don't,we should drop them and move to something else."
Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA."The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90percent of the time,"says Garfield."But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact position of our goal.This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary."Knowing where to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.
Again and again,we see that by doing little things within our grasp well,large rewards follow.
67.According to the passage,some job applicants were refused because they areB.
A.too limitedly educated to write a perfect resume
B.so careless that they make some spelling mistakes in their resume
C.so careless that they forget the company's name
D.too foolish to spell the company's name correctly
68.From the passage,we can infer that a perfectionist willD.
A.change their goals as the situations change
B.lose their jobs by paying too much attention to details
C.pay attention to details as much as to their major goals
D.pay attention to details more than their major goals
69.Garfield makes his opinion believable byC.
A.giving ideas of experts              B.offering examples of resumes
C.providing an example of his work.D.showing the results of experiments
70.Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?A

I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point (次要点)C:Conclusion.
18.The Cunning Cat and His Company
The Cat was nine years old.To celebrate his birthday,he sent out(61)invitations (invite) to all his neighbors.
Everyone was glad to go.Next Monday at 5o'clock in the afternoon,the Cat's neighbors began arriving.(62)By half past five the room was full(63)wherethere were all sorts of birds,sparrows,swallows,woodpeckers and (64)other small animals.
"Welcome,"said the Cat."It (65)promises (promise) to be a wonderful party.I can't tell you how(66)pleased (please) I am to see you all.Make yourselves at home."
"Thank you,"they said."But where's the entertainment?"
"You,"said the Cat,smiling."I expect you to entertain yourselves as well as me."
They were somewhat surprised,(67)but they did not want to displease the Cat.So the birds chirped,sang their (68)latest (late) songs,circled in midair,dived from the ceiling.The squirrels and chipmunks made up a game of hide-and-seek.Then they grew tired.They also grew hungry.
"And now,"they said,"Where's the dinner?"
"You again,"said the Cat,(69)locking (lock) the door."You are the dinner."And,one by one,he began to eat the guests.
Next morning,all that (70)was left (leave) of the Cat's party was a large heap of fur and feathers.
Don't put your trust in fancy promises.

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