题目内容

11.How many hours do you spend sitting in a chair every day?Eight hours in the office plus three hours in front of the TV after work is the  norm for many people.
You probably don't need an expert to tell you that sitting too much is not good for your health-from an increased risk of heart disease and obesity in the long term,to reduced cholesterol(胆固醇)maintenance in the short term,not to mention the strain on your neck and spine.
To make matters worse,many researches show a good diet and regular exercise call't reduce the negative effects of sitting too much.
A 2010study of nearly 9,000Australians found that for each additional hour of television a person watched per day,the risk of dying rose by 11percent.Another study tracked the health of 123,000Americans between 1992and 2006.The death rate for men who spent six hours or more per day sitting was about 20percent higher than for men who sat for three hours or less.
So what can we do about it?Health experts suggest we break up those many hours spent sitting with more hours spent standing.
The BBC conducted a simple experiment with a group of 10volunteers who usually spent most of the day sitting.They were asked to stand for at least three hours a day.The researchers took measurements Oil days when the volunteers stood,and when they sat around.When they looked at the data there were some striking differences,the BBC reported.
Blood sugar leveled off much quicker on the days when the study subjects stood compared with the days they spent in a chair.Standing also burned more calories--about 50calories an hour.A member said although doing exercise offers many proven benefits,our bodies also need the increase in muscle activity that standing provides.
The researchers believe that even small adjustments,like standing while talking on the   phone,will help.

56.The underlined word"norm"in Paragraph 1most probably meansA.
A.standard answer    B.cause
C.excuse             D.reasonable explanation
57.What bad effect does sitting too much have?B
A.A low risk of heart disease.      B.Becoming too fat.
C.Balanced cholesterol maintenance. D.Benefiting your neck and spine.
58.What's the main idea of Paragraph 4?A
A.Sitting is killing us.
B.We should have a good diet.
C.Watching TV does us no good.
D.Women have higher death rate than men.
59.What is the purpose of the experiment in the text?C
A.To help the 10volunteers to lose weight.
B.To find the difference between standing and sitting.
C.To prove the benefit of standing.
D.To teach us how to control blood sugar.
60.What would be the best title for the text?B
A.Having regular exercise    B.Standing up for health
C.Watching less TV           D.Increasing muscle activity.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章向我们说明了长时间保持坐姿会对我们的健康造成危害,可能会提升我们的死亡率,并通过实验向我们证明了站立对我们的好处,告诉我们要保持锻炼,不能总是坐着.

解答 56.A  词义猜测题,根据第一段Eight hours in the office plus three hours in front of the TV after work is the  norm for many people.可知在办公室工作八个小时之后又在电视前带三个小时是每个人的常态,故选A.
57.B  细节理解题,根据第二段You probably don't need an expert to tell you that sitting too much is not good for your health-from an increased risk of heart disease and obesity in the long term,to reduced cholesterol(胆固醇)maintenance in the short term,not to mention the strain on your neck and spine.可知每天坐着的时间太长会导致肥胖,故选B.
58.A  细节理解题,根据第四段The death rate for men who spent six hours or more per day sitting was about 20percent higher than for men who sat for three hours or less.可知长时间的坐着可能会导致我们死亡,故选A.
59.C  推理判断题,根据倒数第二段Blood sugar leveled off much quicker on the days when the study subjects stood compared with the days they spent in a chair.Standing also burned more calories--about 50calories an hour.A member said although doing exercise offers many proven benefits,our bodies also need the increase in muscle activity that standing provides.可知这个实验研究表明适当的站立对我们是有好处的,故选C.
60.B  主旨大意题,通读全文可知本文主要向我们说明了长时间坐着的危害,并呼吁我们站立,故选B.

点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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1.Besides containing attractive flowers,trees and other plants that beautify the community,ecofriendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.
A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden.It is just a far more ecofriendly garden.Usually it is built lower than the ground.Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(浸入)slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply.
Thus,a rain garden keeps the water,allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden,rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused.The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two.This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed.This is a simple,attractive,and ecofriendly"green"way to treat storm water.
What's more,planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.Without using expensive machinery and chemicals,rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%.
Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate,soil,and water conditions.They may attract local wildlife such as native birds.Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week,unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week.Once native plants establish the necessary root system,they will require little care.
Often,local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems.However,you don't need to be a professionally environmental engineer to create a rain garden.As long as you're ecoconscious homeowners,you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.

4.Which of the following is NOT true for the function of rain gardensB?
A.They are good for living conditions.
B.They increase pollution.
C.They can beautify the community.
D.They improve the environment.
5.Which of the following is the ecofriendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4A?
A.They can help reduce the pollution problem.
B.They can keep the rain and storm water.
C.They can be healthy for the people around.
D.They can make the environment more beautiful.
6.One of the main reasons why native plants are recommended is thatD.
A.they cost less and are much easier to get
B.they may attract local wildlife to come
C.they require little care from the local gardener
D.they are more used to the local growing conditions
7.What do we know about rain gardensC?
A.They need little water after all the plants are planted.
B.They may attract local birds and change the local climate.
C.They usually need at least an inch of rainwater a week.
D.They may reduce the water pollution problem by 70%.
2.Escape from FoMO
Here's a test you might enjoy:rate these situations on a number scale,ranging from 1for mild discomfort to 7 for unbearable distress.
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Situation 2:you,re at dinner with friends,and you've all agreed to make it a strictly phone-free evening.But your smartphone won't stop beeping Twitter and text alerts.Something is obviously up in your social network,but you can't check.Even 7wouldn't match the stress you're feeling now.
Welcome to FoMO (Fear of Missing Out),the latest mental disorder caused by social media connections sharing updates that leaves individuals feeling that they are missing out on something more exciting,important,or interesting going on somewhere else.It is an outcome of technological advancement and booming social information.According to a recent study,56per cent of those who use social networks suffer this.
It is not uncommon that at night when you've sworn again to put the phone aside or turn off the computer,you cast one last glance at the screen on your way to bed in case you miss some titbit (趣闻)supplied by mere acquaintances or even strangers'requesting your"friendship".
We all know the studies showing that end-of-life regrets centre on what we didn't do,rather than on what we did.If so,constantly watching others doing things that we are not is rich ground for a future of looking back in sorrow.Attractive online images-so charming from afar-make FoMO more destructive.Technology has become the major construct through which we define intimacy (亲密).You may look on in wonder as someone taps out an endless text message instead of actually talking to the person they're with.Being connected to everyone,all the time,is a new human experience; we,re just not equipped to cope with it yet.
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Escape from FoMO
Main PointsDetails
Concept of FoMOFoMO,constantly (71)disturbing our peace of mind,refers to the unease of feeling that we are not part of social connection.
Examples of FoMO•When having dinner with friends,we feel extremely depressed when
(72)forbidden to check our social network.
•Determined as we are to put aside phones,we can't shift our (73)attention/focus/concentrationfrom them until we go to bed.
(74)Reasons/Triggers/Causesbehind FoMO•Technology develops and social information explodes.
•Images of online friends (75)appeal more to us,compared to our real world friends.
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Bad effects of FoMO•We are constantly (77)regretful/sorryfor things that we didn't do.
•Communicating with friends in the virtual world gives(78)rise to the decline of important relationships with friends and family.
Suggestions on avoiding
FoMo
•Get (798)separated/away/disconnected from the modern technology.
•Recognize that missing out is part of our life.
•Accept that (80)losses/losscan sometimes be"a blessing in disguise".
19.Following Christmas dinner,my family was relaxing around the kitchen table.The goodcooking smells still stayed.My sister,our chef,was enjoying the compliments.一"Delicious meal!""Everything was wonderful."Dad had risen from his chair and was contentedly standing nearby.
   My nephew,never one to sit still for too long,began playing his new basketball around the table and throughout the kitchen.Upon nearing Dad,he stopped--almost uncertainly.With shaking,wrinkled hands,Dad had reached out for the ball.He did not speak,and the boy,confused,looked up and over at us.It took some convincing,but the ball was lightly passedover.
   I watched my father closely to see what he would do.A playful smile appeared on his face.Holding the ball and reaching forward,Dad bounced it on the floor then caught it.This action was repeated.Nodding approvingly,he then turned towards our assembled group.Gently throwing the ball away,Dad began a game of catch.
   The ball continued to be passed though eager pairs of outstretched hands.Cries of"Over here!"rang through the warm kitchen.Dad's active participation in this game was remarkable to me,since he had advanced Alzheimer′s disease.This disease had robbed him of many memories and the recognition of people,places mid points in time.
    In my younger years,playing with Dad was rare.To his credit,Dad worked hard and provided for us.He was very private and never showed nor shared much emotion.His game of choice was chess,which he did eventually teach me how to play.As an adult,I had become a caregiver and watched helplessly as Dad declined.Connecting moments between father and son had been few and far before he took the basketball.
    I'm not sure how long we played catch.What I do know is that our game ended all too soon,and it was time to face the reality of dirty dishes piled high on countertops.The moment,though,will certainly last forever.On this Christmas,Dad gave me a special memory-one that I will always treasure.

41.Which of the following statements is true according to the first two paragraphs?D
A.The author's nephew liked sitting still for a long time.
B.The author's father reached out for the basketball easily.
C.The author's nephew passed the basketball to his father firmly.
D.The author's family praised his sister for the Christmas dinner.
42.What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?B
A.Why the author's father began a game of catch.
B.How the author's father played with basketball.
C.How the author's family took part in the basket game.
D.What the author's feeling was about his father's action.
43.How did the author feel on his father's active participation?B
A.Worried.   
B.Amazed.   
C.Annoyed.
D.Interested.
44.What can we learn about the author's father?C
A.He was outgoing and energetic.
B.He often played with the author.
C.He seldom talked with his family.
D.He taught the author to play basketball.
45.What is the main idea of the text?D
A.The disable people should never give up.
B.A Christmas dinner will be remembered forever.
C.Communication with family is very important.
D.Small holiday moments add up to lasting memories.
6.Nowadays,the food we eat seems to have great effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat,it has,at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat.Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon.Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.
That food is reated to illness is not a new discovery.In 1945,government researchers realized that nitrates,commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additives,caused cancer.Yet,these carcinogenic additives remain in our food,and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct.Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals,and because of this,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow.Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons.The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market.Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has tried repeatedly to control these procedures,the practices continue.
46.Which of the following statements is NOT true?C
A.Some additives are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals.
B.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for about sixty-eight years.
C.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons.
D.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in the world.
47.How has science done harm to mankind?D
A.Because of science,diseases caused by polluted food have been virtually eliminated.
B.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.
C.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.
D.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.
48.What are nitrates used for?A
A.They preserve the color of meats.
B.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.
C.They are the objects of research.
D.They cause the animals to become fatter.
49.The word"carcinogenic"most nearly means"C".
A.trouble-making           B.color-retaining
C.cancer-causing           D.money-making
50.Which might be the best title of the passage?B
A.Drug and Food            B.Food and Health
C.Cancer and Health        D.Health and Drug.
16.Scientists from the University of East Anglia have identified four new man-made gases that are contributing to the damage to the ozone(臭氧) layer.Two of the gases are accumulating at a rate that is causing concern among researchers.
Worries over the growing ozone hole have seen the production of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases restricted since the mid 1980s.But the precise origin of these new,similar substances remains a mystery.
Lying in the atmosphere,the ozone layer plays a critical role in blocking harmful UV rays,which cause cancers in humans and reproductive problems in animals.
Scientists from the British Antarctic Survey were the first to discover a huge"hole"in the ozone over Antarctica in 1985.The evidence quickly pointed to CFC gases,which were invented in the 1920s,and were widely used in refrigeration.Extraordinarily,global action was rapidly agreed to deal with CFCs and the Montreal Protocol to limit these substances came into being in 1987.A total global ban on production came into force in 2010.
Now,the newly discovered four new gases can destroy ozone and are getting into the atmosphere from as yet unidentified sources.Three of the gases are CFCs and one is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC),which can also damage ozone.
The research has shown that four gases were not around in the atmosphere at all until the 1960s,which suggests they are man-made.The scientists discovered the gases by analyzing polar snow pack.Air from this snow is a natural archive of what was in the atmosphere up to 100years ago.The researchers also looked at modern air samples,collected at remote Cape Grim in Tasmania.
They estimate that about 74,000tonnes of these gases have been released into the atmosphere.Two of the gases are accumulating at significant rates.However,they don't know where the new gases are being released from and this should be investigated.Possible sources include chemicals  for insecticide(杀虫剂) production and solvents(溶液)  for cleaning electronic ponents.The three CFCs are being destroyed very slowly in the atmosphere-so even if emissions(散发) were to stop immediately,they will still be around for many decades to come.
Of the four species identified,CFC-113a seems the most worrying as there is a very small but growing emission source somewhere,maybe from agricultural insecticides.We should find it and take it out of production.

63.What do we know about the newly discovered gases?B
A.Some are surely produced by the development of agriculture.
B.The CFCs will have a long impact once they are released.
C.They gather together in the atmosphere at a medium speed.
D.Their amounts are not large enough to cause damage to us.
64.The underlined word"archive"in Paragraph 6is closest to the meaning of"D"
A.state          B.resource          C.phenomenon        D.storeroom
65.What will the scientists probably attempt to do about the gases next?C
A.Find out what can replace things like insecticides and put them into use.
B.Find out how they destroy ozone and get rid of those in the atmosphere.
C.Find out where they are exactly from and stop them from being released.
D.Find out if HCFC is more harmful than CFCs and take proper measures.

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