题目内容

LEEDS, England—A Leeds University psychology professor is researching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies.
“The hate we hold within us is a cancer.” Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.
More than 70 people have become volunteers in Hart’s first 20-week workshop in London—a course he says is the first of its kind in the world.
These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory. They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian-born Hart.
The students meet in each group of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with a director every two weeks.
The course, ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hate in these people. “People have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness,” he said, “People confuse forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one.”
Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed.
“The main idea is to give you guidances on how to look at all kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with,” said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project.
Hart said, “I believe forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people want to get free of the past.”
小题1:From this passage we know that ________.
A．without hate, people will have less trouble connected with blood pressure and heart disease
B．people who suffer from blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies
C．high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professors
D．high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hate
小题2:If you are angry with somebody, you should ________.
A．attend Hart’s course
B．persuade him or her to have a positive talk with you
C．never meet him or her any longer
D．treat him or her positively instead of negatively
小题3:In Hart’s first 20-week workshop, people there can ________.
A．meet their enemies
B．change their attitudes
C．enjoy the professor’s teaching
D．learn how to quarrel with others
小题4:If you are a volunteer in Hart’s workshop, you’ll ________.
A．meet in eight or ten groups
B．get rid of the illness of cancer
C．attend a gathering twice a month
D．pour out everything stored in your mind
小题5:The author wrote this passage in order to________.
A．persuade Britons to go to Hart’s workshop
B．tell us the news about Hart’s research
C．tell us how to run a workshop like Hart’s
D．help us to look at all kinds of angers

小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:C
小题5:B

试题分析：心里有仇恨很增加高血压和心脏病的问题，一个心理学教授研究了一个课程帮助人们消除仇恨，用积极的心态对待仇恨的人。
小题1:细节题：从第二段的句子：“The hate we hold within us is a cancer.” Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.可知：如果没有仇恨，人们就不会有高血压和心脏病的问题，答案是：A
小题2:细节题：从第六段的句子：“People have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness,” he said, “People confuse forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one.”可知：如果你对一个人很生气，应该积极的对待他，而不是消极的，答案是：D
小题3:细节题：从倒数第二段的句子：“The main idea is to give you guidances on how to look at all kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with,”可知：可知参加这个课程的人能够改变态度，答案是：B
小题4:细节题：从第五段的句子：The students meet in each group of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with a director every two weeks.可知：如果你是Hart工作室的志愿者，那一个月要聚会两次，答案是：C
小题5:写作意图题：从第一段的句子：LEEDS, England—A Leeds University psychology professor is researching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies.可知这篇文章是想告诉读者关于Hart研究的消息，答案是：B
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The World Health Organization and several other United Nations agencies are calling for a major new effort to fight malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS. These three infectious diseases killed almost 6 million people last year. That is about 10 percent of the total number of deaths around the world last year.
The WHO and UN agencies released a new report at the World Economic Forum in New York City earlier this month. The document says that deaths around the world from malaria and tuberculosis could be cut in half by the year 2010. It also says the number of deaths from AIDS could be reduced 25 percent within that same time period.
The report is called “Calling Up the Response to Infectious Diseases.” It calls for huge new investments in methods to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Officials say money is needed for research and to purchase drugs. Money is also needed to devices to prevent diseases, such as bed nets. Bed nets prevent mosquitoes that carry malaria from biting people while they sleep.
David Heymann, director of the infectious disease program at the World Health Organization, says that providing effective drug treatments is important for improving peoples’ health and economic well – being. Reducing disease can also help improve economic growth in developing countries.
The WHO report also describes successful health programs in developing countries. In Peru, for example, the number of tuberculosis cases was cut in half by increasing the treatment to control the disease. In Vietnam, malaria was reduced 97 percent through the use of bed nets. And in Uganda, cases of the virus that causes AIDS were cut in half among pregnant women and children through the use of anti – AIDS drugs.
This new international health campaign is estimated to cost about 12,000 million dollars a year. So far, officials say the campaign has about 2,000 million dollars. The WHO says the campaign will need stronger relationships among government, private aid agencies, and drug companies to succeed.
小题1:According to the report         is the disease most difficult to fight.
A．malariaB．tuberculosisC．AIDSD．influenza
小题2:To prevent these diseases, a large amount of money is needed to          .
A．to buy food and pay for the caretakers
B．do research work, buy drugs and devices
C．take care of the families of the deaths
D．set up more hospitals and health institutions
小题3:We can infer from the text that reducing infectious diseases is          .
A．to help the countries develop better
B．to promote cooperation between countries
C．to help people get more scientific knowledge
D．to help people get a cleaner environment
小题4:Most serious infectious diseases spread mainly in         .
A．AfricaB．South America
C．AsiaD．developing countries
小题5:To fight the diseases,         is necessary.
A．better environment
B．cooperation between different people
C．to wipe out the pests
D．more drugs and money
A new study has found evidence of aggressive (攻击性的) behavior in children who drink four or more servings of soft drinks every day. Information for the study came from the mothers of 3,000 5-year-olds. Researchers asked the women to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a two-month period. They were also asked to complete a checklist of their children’s behavior.
The researchers have found that 43 percent of the children drink at least one daily serving of soda, and 4 percent of the youngsters have even four or more sodas to drink every day.
Shakira Suglia, a famous expert, says they’ve found that children who drink the most soda are more than twice as likely as those who drink no soda to show signs of aggression.
“For the children who consume four or more soft drinks per day, we see more withdrawn behaviors, which make them hard to get along well with others.”
The aggressive behaviors include destroying possessions belonging to others, taking part in fights and physically attacking people.
The researchers have determined the link after considering factors like the child’s age and sex. They have also considered other possible influence, such as whether the boys and girls are eating sweets or giving fruit drinks on a normal day. In addition, the researchers have examined parenting styles and other social conditions that may be taking place in the home.
Researches are trying to find why young children who drink a lot of soda have behavior problems. An ingredient often found in soft drinks is caffeine, which helps to make people feel energetic. Doctor Suglia suggests that caffeine could cause the 5-year-olds to be more aggressive. Earlier studies of adults have found the highest sugar levels in those who carry weapons (武器) and show signs of negative social behavior.
小题1:What section of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?
A．Scientific TechnologyB．Science Fictions
C．Social NewsD．Health Report
小题2:The underlined word “withdrawn” in paragraph 4 can probably be replaced by the word ______.
A．backwardB．unsocialC．generousD．friendly
小题3:Researchers studied the following aspects of the children except ______.
A．ageB．sexC．gamesD．parents
小题4:According to the research, which of the following is right?
A．Mothers were asked to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a three-month period.
B．4 percent of the youngsters have even four or fewer sodas to drink every day.
C．Children who drink no soda show fewer aggressive behaviors.
D．Children with the highest sugar levels tend to carry weapons and show signs of negative social behavior.
小题5:After a further study on ingredients in soda, Shakira Suglia implies that the direct cause of the aggressive behaviors may be ______.
A．soft drinksB．attention problems
C．caffeineD．social conditions
Christian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called beri-beri. He was going there to try and find a cure.
At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (细菌) caused beri-beri. He raised some chickens. He didn’t eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate — refined white rice (精炼米). When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery — that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins (维生素). The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vitamins in a person’s food.
Today many people know the importance of vitamins and they make sure they have enough vitamins from the food they eat. If they don’t, they can also take vitamin pills.
小题1:The underlined word “cure” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______.
A．a medical treatment B．a kind of vitaminC．a kind of germD．a kind of rice
小题2:Christian Eijkman went to the island of Java to ______.
A．spend his holiday
B．find ways to grow better crops
C．do some research about the island
D．help the Javanese with their illness
小题3:Why did Christian Eijkman raise some chickens?
A．To eat them.
B．To carry out his experiments.
C．To give the Javanese a surprise.
D．To make money by selling them.
小题4:If a person doesn’t get enough vitamins in his diet, he’d better ______.
A．eat more riceB．eat more meatC．eat some chicken D．eat vitamin pills
小题5:We can learn from the passage that ______.
A．beri-beri was caused by chickens
B．the Javanese didn’t like vitamins
C．Christian Eijkman’s experiment was successful
D．the Javanese’s disease was caused by a kind of germ
New research suggests that speaking more than one language may delay different kinds of dementia(痴呆), that is the loss of mental ability. In fact, researchers say, speaking two languages appears to be more important than the level of education in defending against dementias.
A study in India examined the effect of knowing more than one language in delaying the first signs of several dementias. Researchers studied nearly 650 people whose average age was 66. 240 of those studied suffered from Alzheimer's, the most common form of mental decline(下降). 391 of the subjects spoke two or more languages. Researchers found the dementias began about four-and-a-half years later in those who spoke two languages compared to those who spoke only one language. The level of education had no effect on the age at the first sign of dementia.
Thomas Bak, from the Center of Cognitive Aging at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, who helped to organize the study, suggests that individuals who speak more than one language train their brains by moving back and forth between different words and expressions. He also believes this effort improves what scientists called executive(执行的) functioning, which often weakens in people with dementias. He states that researchers found there was no extra gain in speaking more than two languages.
Mr Bak says it does not appear important whether you learn another language at a young age or later in life. It's not something that “you missed the boat when you do not do it as a baby.” It is something that is still quite useful and powerful when you do it as an adult.
小题1:The finding of the study is that________.
A．learning more than one language can cure dementias
B．speaking two languages may delay kinds of dementias
C．the level of education matters in defending against dementias
D．people who suffer from dementias will lose mental ability
小题2:The underlined word “subjects” refers to________.
A．people who were studied in the study
B．notices that were put on about the study
C．questions that were asked in the study
D．methods that were used in the study
小题3:According to Mr Bak, ________.
A．the more languages one speaks, the less chance of getting dementias
B．people’s executive functioning often strengthens with age
C．when you learn one more language makes no difference
D．it is much easier to learn one more language at a young age
小题4:This passage may probably be seen in________.
A．a research planB．a health magazine
C．a book reviewD．a business magazine
Work your brain!
Between 2 and 3 pounds of wonder, it controls everything we say, do or think, who we are and what we care about. The way we walk or laugh or figure out things. What we like and the talents we possess. How we see and talk and run and jump and process our food.
The brain uses 20 percent of our body’s oxygen and 20 percent of its blood. Somewhere within its protein, fat, 100,000 miles of blood vessels and 100 billion nerve cells, it helps us remember where we put our gym shoes. Change our temperature so we don’t die because of the heat or cold. Speed us up or slow us down. Help us choose between orange juice or orange­flavored drinks.
Its complexity are stunning, far beyond anything most of us can imagine. To keep this work of art as polished as possible we need to eat right, exercise and keep mentally stimulated. Good nutrition helps brain cells communicate with each other. Exercise stimulates a hormone in our brain that improves memory. Mental stimulation keeps you sharp even as you age.
“It’s very important that we tell people to be physically active and mentally active,” said neurologist Malcolm Stewart.“People cannot stop aging, but you’re able to reduce the damage; you’re able to keep the function up.”
Following are Dr. Stewart’s advice for improving brain health：
Nutrition
Avoid fast food. Follow the old adage(格言): For breakfast, eat like a king; for lunch, like a queen; for supper, like a beggar.
Exercise
Do a combination of stretching aerobic and muscle strengthening every day.
Mental games
Try to have a sense of hope about the future. Do puzzles. Listen to music. Reach out to others to make their lives better.
小题1:The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to ______.
A．inform us how the brain works
B．give us advice on how to keep the brain healthy
C．tell us that the brain plays an important role in our lives
D．show how special the brain is to us
小题2:The underlined word “stunning” means ______.
A．interesting 　B．strangeC．significant　D．amazing
小题3:According to the text，more exercise ______.
A．keeps our mind sharp
B．helps improve our memory
C．gives our brain a rest 　
D．is good for brain cells communicating with each other
小题4:In order to keep brain healthy，we should avoid ______.
A．eating a good lunch B．doing puzzles
C．eating a large supper D．taking aerobic exercise
About a third of all common cancers in the United States, China and Britain could be prevented each year if people ate healthier food, drank less alcohol and exercised more, health experts said on Friday.
Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers.
“Even in 2011, people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,” said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser.
WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers and heart diseases.
Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence(发病率) is rising. Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer.
Rachel Thompson, the WCRF’s head of science, said that while the message was simple — that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help ward off many cancers — it was still a difficult one to get across.
The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.
Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people who don’t smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand.
“There isn’t a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible,” Baldini said.
小题1:Which of the following words can best take the place of the phrase “ward off” in the sixth paragraph?
A．protectB．preventC．developD．cure。
小题2:Which of the following statements is Not true according to the text?
A．Exercising and eating healthily can help to reduce cancer risk.
B．Each year about 12.7 million people are diagnosed with cancer around the world.
C．Every year millions of people die from smoking and lung cancers.
D．Adults should walk for fifty minutes three times per week.
小题3:Which of the following can be the best title of this text?
A．Simple life changes could stop millions of cancers
B．Cancer is a leading cause of death
C．Our bad lifestyle caused many diseases
D．The incidence of common cancers is rising
小题4:By writing the passage, the author mainly intends to ____.
A．advise people to develop healthier lifestyle.
B．warn people of the danger of cancers
C．explain why many people die from cancers every year.
D．introduce the ways to protect people from developing cancers
小题5:We can infer from Peter Baldini’s opinion in the last two paragraphs that ____.
A．all the lung cancers are linked to smoking
B．there is no medicine to cure the cancers but it’s our duty to find one
C．all governments should take measures to control smokers and protect people’s health
D．it’s our opportunity and duty to persuade people to give up smoking
Was the London Olympics a success? Many people hold different opinions. However one thing is certain, London could win a gold medal for hosting the “greenest” Games ever, BBC News reported.
Previous Olympic hosts have been criticized for the environmental damage they have caused through construction, waste. and transport. But things had to be different in London because seven years ago it bid for the Olympics through the concept of “a One Planet Olympics”.
What is most impressive is that London used the construction of the Olympic Park as an opportunity to clean up polluted areas — 2 million tons of contaminated (被污染的) soil were removed and 200 old factory buildings, were torn down, according to sustainablebusiness.com. But that’s not all —. 99 percent of the debris (废瓦砾) were reused to build the Olympic Park. For example, part of the Olympic Stadium’s roof is made from 2,500 tons of steel tubes recycled from old gas pipelines.
As well as using recycled materials, all venues were built with green building techniques. The Olympic Stadium is the lightest one ever built, which minimized the amount of steel and concrete needed. Also, the handball field has lighting pipes on the roof that reduce electricity use by 40 percent, according to sustainablebusiness.com.
The effort that London made to deal with waste also deserves praise. Water used for drinking and watering plants was from collected rainwater or recycled wastewater. In this way. about 30-40 percent less water was used in total. Waste food packages were either recycled or processed and turned into renewable energy.
As one of the best connected places in Europe, London tried to solve traffic jams by encouraging the use of public transport. For example, it had trains deliver half of the building materials, instead of cars, which greatly reduced carbon emissions.
The clean anti-doping (反兴奋剂) result also added to the greenness of the Games. The International Olympics Committee (IOC) said that the devices used this time were the most accurate and advanced. Only one athlete tested positive for a banned drug on the day of competing, which is why the IOC President, Jacques Rogge, has praised anti-doping efforts at the London Games.
小题1:To make the Olympic Park green, London _______.
A．recycled 2 million tons of contaminated soil
B．removed 99 percent of the debris from the city
C．built the Olympic Stadium mostly with recycled materials
D．applied green building techniques to the construction work
小题2:The underlined word “minimized” in the fourth paragraph probably means
A．increased as much as possible
B．reduced as much as possible
C．made good use of
D．took little notice
小题3:What can we conclude from the article?
A．The London Olympics cost less than the other Olympics ever held.
B．London has possessed the most advanced techniques to deal with waste.
C．Public transport is made good use of in London during the Olympic games.
D．The anti-doping result in the London Olympics turned out to be dissatisfactory.
小题4:Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?

小题5:What is the best title of the passage?
A．How to deal with the anti-doping
B．How to use recycled materials
C．London’s green games
D．London’s public transport

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