题目内容

Imagine you are doing this reading in this text on the computer; what else are you doing? Maybe you’re eating a sandwich or drinking a cup of Starbucks. Should you eat while reading?
There aren’t many believable numbers, but we do know the number of people who eat while sitting in front of some type of screen is growing. A recent study found that 33 percent of families always have the TV on during meal times and another 27 percent people have it on at least half the time. Another 10 percent may be texting, emailing or talking on a cell phone while eating.
Any type of these behaviors is bad, considering the following evidence:
A Canadian study found that children who watch more than three hours of cartoons a day are 50 percent more likely to be fat than children who watch fewer than two hours. The researchers concluded that more than 60 percent of overweight incidents can be connected with screen watching too much.
A three-week study found that adults who usually play with smartphones less burned 119 more calories per day.
One Chicago researcher found that people eat more potato chips while reading online than when they have the laptop turned off.
There has been very little investigation(调查) into eating with your eyes staring at a screen or reading a book, but it is likely that his mindless eating is related to weight gain. Simply speaking, your brain has no idea what is going on with your mouth because it is occupied by other things. You don’t notice how full your stomach is, and you often don’t even notice the taste or the act of chewing and swallowing, as a result of which, developing an adapted dietary habit is a must.
小题1:The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with ________.
A.stories and explanationsB.examples and investigations
C.an argument and evidenceD.facts and descriptions
小题2:Which of the following statement is true?
A.Being focused while eating is a good way to have a good figure.
B.Adults’ weight is not affected by their eating habits.
C.There exist many investigations into eating while reading.
D.This text must be found on a website.
小题3:What can be the best title of this passage? 
A.How Should You Lose Weight?
B.Should You Do Other Things While Eating?
C.Healthy and Unhealthy Eating Habits
D.TV and Eating
小题4:What will the author probably continue to write?
A.Express healthy eating ways.
B.Give more useful investigations into eating.
C.Describe the study about the old who watch less TV while eating.
D.Tell the proper ways to watch TV.

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:A 

试题分析:文章大意:本文主要通过研究发现,吃饭的时候做其它事情会影响健康。
小题1:C推理判断题。文章第一段提出问题“在电脑做阅读你还会做什么”,并回答了问题的目的是引出文章的论点和论据。故C正确。
小题2:A推理判断题。根据文章第四段加拿大的研究发现可知:吃饭的时候集中注意力是保持健康的好方法。故A正确。
小题3:B主旨大意题。本文主要通过研究吃饭的时候做其它事情会影响健康,故用标题Should You Do Other Things While Eating?故B正确。
小题4:A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段尤其最后一句developing an adapted dietary habit is a must.可以推断出下面一段可能写“健康饮食的方法”。故A正确。
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Remembering names is an important social skill.Here are some ways to master it.
Recite and repeat in conversation.
When you hear a person’s name,repeat it.Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips.You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial.
Ask the other person to recite and repeat.
You can let other people help you remember their names.After you’ve been introduced to someone,ask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you.Most people will be pleased by the effort you’re making to learn their names.
Admit you don’t know.
Admitting that you can’t remember someone’s name can actually make people relaxed.Most of them will feel sympathy if you say.“I’m working to remember names better.Yours is right on the tip of my tongue.What is it again?”
Use associations.
Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual.For example,you could make a mental note: "Vicki Cheng -- tall, black hair. " To reinforce (加强) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.
Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.
When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.
Go early.
Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That's fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others -- an automatic review for you.
小题1:How will most people feel when you try hard to remember their names? 
A.They will be moved.B.They will be annoyed.
C.They will be delighted.D.They will be discouraged.
小题2:If you can’t remember someone’s name, you may _____
A.tell him the truthB.tell him a white lie
C.ask him for pityD.ask others to help you
小题3:When you meet a group of people, it is better to remember _____  
A.all their namesB.a couple of names first
C.just their last namesD.as many names as possible
小题4:What does the text mainly tell us? 
A.Tips on an important social skill.B.Importance of attending parties.
C.How to make use of associations.D.How to recite and repeat names.
When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.
It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.
Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally – admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.
小题1:It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is
A.not very high. B.high.
C.contemptuous. D.critical.
小题2:The main idea of this passage is
A.vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.
B.people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.
C.to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.
D.people are bloodthirsty in sports.
小题3:That the author mentions the old Romans is
A.To compare the old Romans with today’s people.
B.to give an example.
C.to show human beings in the past know nothing better.
D.to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.
小题4:.How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?
A.Three. B.Five.
C.Six. D.Seven.
小题5:The purpose of the author in writing this passage is
A.that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.
B.that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.
C.that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.
D.to show law is the main instrument of social change.
Vocabulary
relish           从……获得乐处,享受
orgy       狂欢,放纵
arena       竞技场,活动或斗争的场所
blood-thirsty     残忍的,嗜血的
bear-baiting     逗熊游戏
bull-fight    斗牛
batter       猛击,连续地猛打/捶,乱打
pulp          成纸浆,成软块
burst into flames    突然燃烧起来/着火
grim       令人窒息的,简陋的
coop up       把……关起来
难句译注
bear-baiting  逗熊游戏。这是一种十六、十七世纪流行于英国的游戏――驱狗去咬绑着的熊,很残忍,后被禁止。
…two men batter each other to pulp in the boxing ring.
【结构简析】batter one to pulp =" beat" one to a pulp 狠揍某人,打瘫某人
【参考译文】两个人在拳击场内彼此狠揍,知道一个人被打倒在地,爬不起来。
…unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.
【参考译文】眼见一辆或多辆赛车相互撞击,突然烧起来而无动于衷。
A world heavy weight championship match is front page news.
【参考译文】世界重量级冠军赛总是头版头条新闻。
写作方法与文章大意
作者采取先对比、后分析的写作手法。先是今人和古罗马人对暴虐体育上对此两者都欣赏。后者坦率成人“欣赏暴力体育”,前者施以各种接口、实际都是嗜血成性者。第二段进一步剖析今人欣赏暴虐体育的种种实例,最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜为改善法律采取积极的步骤,法律才能施以巨大的文明影响,否则人类很难改变。
Are you stressed out, scared or worried all the time? Do you avoid going to certain places, seeing friends or doing certain things because of your worries? Do your worries keep you awake at night? If you’ve answered yes, you may be suffering from anxiety.
Anxiety is a normal and necessary part of life. Anxiety is your brain’s way of telling you about danger. It is anxiety which helps you jump out of the way if a car is speeding towards you. But if it gets out of hand, anxiety can get in the way of your getting on with life and can become a real problem. If this is the case for you, treatment may be a helpful way for you to get your anxiety under control.
Anxiety is a normal part of life. Some people may feel uneasy if moving to a new place and some may get overly anxious in certain situations. There are lots of reasons for this. One main reason is after a stressful thing which has happened in your life. So, if you are involved in a car crash, it’s quite likely that you will be more worried than other people around cars and driving.
Being anxious also probably runs in families. If your parents suffer from anxiety then you are more likely to be anxious too. This is probably partly due to genetics, and partly because of how things are when you’re growing up.
Even though people don’t talk about it much, anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems. About 1 in 4 people will have an anxiety problem at some time in their life.
If you have an anxiety problem it’s hard for other people to understand why something that doesn’t worry them, like being in a crowd of people, can be so scary for you. This can make you feel separated and lonely, as may become worse and worse.
The good news is there are lots of excellent treatments available for anxiety. These include taking therapies (疗法) and drugs.
小题1:Which of the following statements is true about anxiety?
A.With anxiety you are far away from traffic accidents.
B.It’s abnormal for people to get too anxious after a stressful thing.
C.Almost everybody has a certain degree of anxiety in certain situations.
D.When you feel stressed out, scared or worried, you are surely suffering from anxiety.
小题2: Which of the following reasons for anxiety is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.Illness.B.Experience.C.Genetics.D.Environment.
小题3: What can we infer from the fifth and sixth paragraph in the passage?
A.Anxiety is the most common mental health problem.
B.Those suffering from anxiety need others’ understanding badly.
C.About a quarter of the population are suffering from anxiety now.
D.Once you suffer from anxiety, you’d better seek for medical treatment.
小题4:The author will most probably talk about ________ following this passage.
A.what is about anxietyB.what causes anxiety
C.how to handle anxietyD.when anxiety becomes serious
The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number of over-weight children in developing countries. In African countries, the WHO says the number of over-weight or obese children is twice as high as it was 20 years ago. Around the world, about 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2013.
Overweight and obese children are more likely to become overweight and obese adults. The condition can generate serious health problems like heart diseases.
Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. He says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often ,which has a high sugar ,fat and salt content. He also says people are gaining weight because of their lack of activities. They travel in cars or other vehicles more than on foot.
The WHO experts say to lower obesity rates is especially complex in countries that also deal with high rates of infectious(感染性的) diseases.
The WHO has some basic solutions for individuals and countries. The organization says you should lower your intake of fat, sugar, salt and processed food and eat more fruits,' vegetables and increase physical activity. The WHO says these actions are especially important for children.
And WHO expert Branca says mothers should breastfeed their babies for at least the first six months of life, if possible. More importantly, governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help. In his view, government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar, fat and salt. "Reducing the number of overweight children will not be easy. The goal is difficult to meet even in wealthy countries. " he adds.
小题1:What is the main idea of Paragraph l?
A.Children in developing countries generally weigh too much.
B.Overweight children in developing countries have increased greatly.
C.The number of overweight children in the world has doubled.
D.The World Health Organization has increased greatly.
小题2:According to Branca , people are becoming overweight because of their changes in _______
A.lifestylesB.transportation
C.physical conditionD.school educational .
小题3:Which of the following word can best replace the underlined word in Paragraph 2?
A.cureB.preventC.worsenD.cause
小题4:According to WHO, which of the following is true?
A.Poor nutrition is often related to children obesity.
B.To lower infectious disease rates is more complex than to lower obesity rates.
C.Eating less sugar and more vegetables helps lower obesity rates.
D.Increasing physical activity is most effective to lower obesity rates.
小题5:What can we learn from the last Paragraph?
A.Babies breastfed aren't likely to become overweight.
B.Governments should play a necessary role in fighting obesity.
C.Food producers should be stopped from marketing, food to children.
D.The number of overweight children decreases easily in wealthy countries.
Our lifestyles today are very busy. We have family, school, sports, entertainment and social activities to fit into a time that seems never enough. We need to be healthy to meet the demands of daily life. But what does it mean to have a healthy lifestyle?
To have a healthy lifestyle, we need to:
◆ eat different kinds of healthy food most of the time
◆ do exercise often
◆ have time to relax
◆ get enough sleep to give our bodies time to grow healthy and strong
Read about a normal day in the lives of two children.

Abbey gets up at 7:00 am, feeds the dog, and has cereal and a glass of juice for breakfast.  She walks to school with her friend, Julia. She has a bag of chips for a morning snack, drinks water, and has a chicken and lettuce sandwich with a banana for lunch. She likes to play soccer with her friends at lunch and morning break time. She walks home with Julia, has some crackers with cheese and juice for afternoon snack and plays with the dog for a while. She plays computer games for an hour or two before dinner, then has a shower and does her homework. She watches her favorite television show for an hour, then usually goes to bed at about 9:30 pm.
Carl gets up at 8:30 am and has two pieces of bread with jam and a glass of milk for breakfast. His mother drives him to school on her way to work. He eats cookies with juice for morning snack and a pot pie ordered from the school lunch room with juice for lunch. He likes to play card games with his friends at lunchtime and climb the fixed equipment at morning break time. He catches the bus home, has a cereal bar and a can of soda for afternoon snack, then watches some television. He has a shower before dinner, then plays the computer for an hour or two. He goes to bed at about 10:30 pm.
No matter which kind of lifestyle you agree on, just remember it’s important to balance all aspects of life.
小题1:About a healthy lifestyle, the writer doesn’t talk about __________.
A.dietB.exerciseC.relaxationD.medicine
小题2:What can we learn from the article?
A.Abbey plays soccer with her friends at school.
B.Abbey does her homework first after school.
C.Carl goes to school by bus every day.
D.Carl has juice for breakfast.
小题3:Where is the article probably from?
A.A health magazine.
B.A clothing website.
C.A sports guidebook.
D.A travel advertisement.
C.O.P.D(慢性障碍性肺病) blocks air flow through the lungs. It makes breathing difficult. The leading cause of C.O.P.D. is cigarette smoking. Experts at the National Institutes of Health in the United States say there is no cure to the damage to the lungs.
Dawn Demeo is an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. She said, “By 2020, C.O.P.D. may be the third leading cause of death across the world.”
C.O.P.D. is a new name for emphysema(肺气肿) and chronic bronchitis(慢性支气管炎). These are the two most common forms of the disease. Many people with C.O.P.D. have both of them. And Doctor Demeo says more women than men now die from the disease.
She is the lead author of a study by a team from Harvard’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the University of Bergen in Norway. The new study adds to findings that women may be more at risk than men from the damaging effects of smoking.
The team examined results from a Norwegian study of 954 people with C.O.P.D. Inga-Cecilie Soerheim co-wrote the team’s findings. Doctor Soerheim says they show that women suffered the same level of C.O.P.D.as men. But the female smokers were younger and had smoked a lot less.
The team also looked at two groups among the people in the study. These were people under the age of 60 and those who had smoked for less than 20 years. In both cases, women had more serious C.O.P.D. and a greater loss of lung function (功能)than men.
小题1:Which of the following statements about C.O.P.D is NOT true ______.
A. Cigarette smoking is likely to cause C.O.P.D.
B. C.O.P.D. makes it hard for a person to breathe
C. C.O.P.D will be one of the most life-threatening diseases.
D. Many people with C.O.P.D. have either emphysema or chronic bronchitis.
小题2:It can be known from the study that_____.
A. female smokers die faster than male ones.  
B. women are more likely to suffer from the damaging effects of smoking than men.
C. women who suffer the same level of C.O.P.D as men were older and weaker.
D. in the group of people under the age of 60, men suffered more from C.O.P.D than women.
小题3:Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A .Smoking Kills
B. Smoking Triggers Diseases
C. The Leading Causes of C.O.P.D.
D. Women Suffers More from C.O.P.D. than Men  
小题4:In which part of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?
A.ScienceB.Health reportC.EducationD.Business report
People around the world drink about 180 billion liters of soda a year. That translates to more than 29 liters per person. Experts say the amount of carbonated soft drinks we consume(消费) is growing. New research from the American Heart Association finds that drinking soda, even diet soda, may significantly increase your risk for heart disease. Dr. Ramachandran Vasan led the study. "Drinking just one or more sodas a day may not be as innocuous as people think."
In a large study of 9,000 people, doctors discovered that those who drank one or more sodas a day had a 30% increased risk for obesity(肥胖), a 25% increase in the risk for abnormal(非正常的) blood sugar levels, and a 32% increase in the odds of having low levels of good cholesterol(胆固醇).
All of these factors increase the risk for heart disease. And there was no difference in the results for those who drank diet soda over regular soda. It’s something that surprised even the researchers.
Critics of the study say diet soda may not be the cause of increased risk of heart disease. Connie Diekman is president of the American Dietetic Association. "It does not conclusively say that this will cause that."
In other words, it could be that unhealthy people like soda. Dr. Vasan found those who drink soda generally tend to have greater caloric intake. They eat more saturated fat and trans fats. They also eat less fiber and exercise less. Diet soda drinkers may also share this unhealthy lifestyle. Dr. Vasan agrees that the link he found between heart disease risk and diet soda needs additional study.
小题1: What does the underlined word “innocuous” in the first paragraph probably mean?
A.popular.B.harmless.C.effective.D.risky.
小题2: According to the study, which of the following is true?
A.Only people who overdrink sodas have high risk for heart disease.
B.In the study, about one quarter of people have high blood level.
C.Both regular and diet sodas can probably increase the risk for heart disease.
D.Dr. Vasan is the leader of the American Heart Association.
小题3: What can be inferred from the passage above?
A.All the experts agree with the results of the study.
B.Sodas of any kind are certain to increase the risk for heart disease.
C.People have expected the results of the research.
D.More studies are needed to prove the results.
小题4:How does the writer present the passage?
A.By comparing opinions.B.By giving advice.
C.By showing facts.D.By discussing information.
She’s not afraid of anything. Snakes? No problem. Walking alone in the dark? Easy. We’re not talking about a superhero here -- SM is a 44-year-old mother.  And she’s fearless because she happens to be missing part of her brain: the amygdala(扁桃腺).
Shaped like a pair of almonds sitting in the middle of your brain, the amygdala helps control fear and anxiety. A rare condition called Urbach-Wiethe disease left SM without her amygdala, and seems to have completely erased her sense of fear.
To try to understand how the amygdala works, a team of researchers made their efforts to scare SM. They showed her horror movies and took her to the Waverly Hills Sanatorium Haunted House in Kentucky. She pushed out one of the monsters(巨物) and laughed. SM said she didn’t like snakes, but at a pet store full of poisonous creatures, she kept asking to touch them. When asked to rate her feelings, SM reported feeling surprised or disgusted, but never fearful.
“She tends to approach everything she should be avoiding,” says Justin Feinstein of the  University of Iowa. This means the amygdala could control deeper urges to approach or avoid danger. Other scientists have a different opinion, though.  “I don’t believe you can make a general statement about what the amygdala does by a single case study,” Elizabeth Phelps said. In 2002, Phelps published a study on a similar patient with amygdala damage who still showed fear.
It may sound like fun to be totally fearless, but we get scared for a good reason. “The nature of fear is survival and the amygdala helps us stay alive by avoiding situations, people, or objects that put our life in danger,” Feinstein said. SM was once followed in a park after dark by a man with a knife, and she simply walked away. “It is quite remarkable that she is still alive,” said Feinstein.
小题1:SM dares to walk alone in the dark mainly because ____________.
A.she is a superhero
B.she has experienced such conditions a lot
C.she is a mental patient
D.she has no sense of fear
小题2:Researchers tried their best to frighten SM in order to find ___________.
A.The function of a particular organ
B.SM’s reaction of fear and anxiety
C.The process of removing amygdale
D.A special way to get along with monsters
小题3:What do we know from the research on SM?
A.It was easy for her to avoid danger.
B.SM never felt fearful but disgusted.
C.SM was frightened by nothing except monsters.
D.SM got along well with the snakes.
小题4:What is Elizabeth Phelps’ attitude toward the function of the amygdala based on the research on SM?
A.IndifferentB.SupportiveC.DisapprovingD.Interested
小题5:What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.People can remove their amygdala to be fearless.
B.SM will be admired because of her bravery.
C.No one can survive if their amygdala is removed.
D.The sense of fear is crucial to humans.

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