题目内容
19．I had an experience some years ago，which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by themselves．One January，I had to hold two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community．Both had died"full of years"，as the Bible would say．Their homes happened to be near each other，so I paid condolence（吊唁）calls on the two families on the same afternoon．At the first home，the son of the deceased woman said to me，"If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow，she would be alive today．It's my fault that she died．"At the second home，the son of the other deceased woman said，"If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida，she would be alive today．That long airplane ride，the sudden change of climate，was more than she could take．It's my fault that she's dead．"
You see that any time there is a death，the survivors will feel guilty．Because the course of action they took turned out bad，they believe that the opposite course------keeping mother at home，putting off the operation----would have turned out better．After all，how could it have turned out any worse？
There seem to be two elements involved in our willingness to feel guilty．The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense，that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens．That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds．
The second element is the view that we are the cause of what happens，especially the bad things that happen．It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault．The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood．
A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs，and that he makes everything happen in it．He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to his tasks．He cries，and someone comes to attend to him．When he is hungry，people feed him，and when he is wet，people change him．Very often，we don not completely outgrow that childish view that our wishes cause things to happen．
48．The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably becauseA．
A．he was minister of the local church
B．he wanted to comfort the two families
C．he was an official of the community
D．he had great pity for the deceased
49．People feel guilty for the death of their loved ones becauseC．
A．they can't find a better way of express their sorrow
B．they have neglected the natural course of events
C．they believe that they were the reason
D．the don't know things often turn in the opposite direction
50．According to the main passage，the underlined part in Paragraph 4probably means thatB．
A．everything in the world is predetermined
B．there's an explanation for everything in the world
C．the world can be interpreted in different ways
D．we have to be sensible in order to understand the world
51．What's the main idea of the message？B
A．Life and death is an unsolved mystery．
B．Never feel guilty all the time because not every disaster is our fault．
C Every story should have a happy ending．
D．In general，the survivors will feel guilty about the people who passed away．
分析 本文通过一个故事告诉我们不要总是责备自己，世界上的一切事情的发生都有自己的原因，很多情况下和我们没有关系，也不必责备自己．
解答 48：A 推理题．根据文章第一段One January，I had to hold two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community．可知作者要主持两次葬礼，说明他是牧师，故A正确．
49：C 推理题．根据文章第二段开始和结束At the first home，the son of the deceased woman said to me，"If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow，she would be alive today．It's my fault that she died．"和．That long airplane ride，the sudden change of climate，was more than she could take．It's my fault that she's dead．"可知他们都认为自己是导致事情发生的原因．故C正确．
50：B 推理题．根据本句The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense，that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens．可知在世界上发生的每一件事情都有自己的原因．故B正确．
51：B 主旨大意题．本文通过一个故事告诉我们不要总是责备自己，世界上的一切事情的发生都有自己的原因，很多情况下和我们没有关系，也不必责备自己．故B正确．
点评 本文是一个人生感悟类阅读理解，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．
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•（59）B．
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•Look for motivation in the wider world
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| A．Acknowledge your weaknesses． B．Focus on aspects of the culture． C．Only you know what your most frequent distractions are，but hunger is a common one． D．If you are someone who needs to motivate yourself，here are some of the tips that can work． E．In some universities and schools there are learning exchanges． F．Breaks are important in any kind of study． G．Make yourself read beyond the course． |
7．One reason Americans eat so many calories is that we tend to eat large portions（分量）．Studies find that hamburgers and fries are generally offered in serving sizes two to five times larger than the appropriate meal size．Researchers find we usually clean our plates no matter how high they're piled，even if we already feel satisfied．See the suggestions below to further master the fine art of sizing up（估量） your snacks and suppers．
Extremely large portions are one possible reason Americans continue getting fatter even as the percentage of our total calories from fat has gone down in recent years．Fortunately，portions are relatively simple to control because it's easier to count cookies than calories or grams of fat．
Pre-picture portions．Use familiar objects to picture how much you should eat of a food before you pick up your fork or spoon．For example，a half cup of low-fat granola is about the size of your fist．A half cup of low-fat ice cream equals half an orange．
Use a smaller dish．This tip might sound ridiculous，but it works．First and most obvious is that you can't put as much food on，say，a salad plate．But psychologically，you're just not as prone to eat as heartily and quickly if your plate will be empty in 45 seconds．
Have raw vegetables at every meal．Raw cucumbers，tomatoes，carrots，and peppers have few calories and lots of nutrients．A plate of them in the middle of the table almost always gets eaten up，cutting down appetite for the more calorie-dense meat．
Start your meal with soup．Studies show that a bowl of soup at the start of the meal reduces overall meal consumption，since they are lowest in calories and highest in nutrients．
Manage your fork．After every bite of food，put your fork down．Don't pick it up until you have thoroughly chewed and swallowed the previous bite．The goal is both to slow down your eating and to eat less．Remember：Your body needs 20 minutes of digestion before it sends signals to your brain that you are no longer hungry．
Extremely large portions are one possible reason Americans continue getting fatter even as the percentage of our total calories from fat has gone down in recent years．Fortunately，portions are relatively simple to control because it's easier to count cookies than calories or grams of fat．
Pre-picture portions．Use familiar objects to picture how much you should eat of a food before you pick up your fork or spoon．For example，a half cup of low-fat granola is about the size of your fist．A half cup of low-fat ice cream equals half an orange．
Use a smaller dish．This tip might sound ridiculous，but it works．First and most obvious is that you can't put as much food on，say，a salad plate．But psychologically，you're just not as prone to eat as heartily and quickly if your plate will be empty in 45 seconds．
Have raw vegetables at every meal．Raw cucumbers，tomatoes，carrots，and peppers have few calories and lots of nutrients．A plate of them in the middle of the table almost always gets eaten up，cutting down appetite for the more calorie-dense meat．
Start your meal with soup．Studies show that a bowl of soup at the start of the meal reduces overall meal consumption，since they are lowest in calories and highest in nutrients．
Manage your fork．After every bite of food，put your fork down．Don't pick it up until you have thoroughly chewed and swallowed the previous bite．The goal is both to slow down your eating and to eat less．Remember：Your body needs 20 minutes of digestion before it sends signals to your brain that you are no longer hungry．
| Helpful hints on how to get a handle on the how-much factor | |
| Facts | Hamburgers and fries served in restaurants are generally two to five times thesizeof the proper ones． Americans usually clean their plateshoweverhigh they're piled，even if they are already satisfied |
| Effects | Americans continue getting fatter even as they have eatenfewercalories from fat in recent years． |
| suggestions | a．Usefamiliarobjects to imagine how much you should eat of a food before a meal． b．Use a smaller dish and thus eatslowly c．Have raw vegetables at every meal to cut downappetitefor the more calorie-dense meat． d．Start your meal withsoupto reduce meal consumption． e．Put down your fork attimes/intervalsto make sure your brain receivessignalsthat you're full． |