Homework and stress are rarely reduced inside the classroom.Meanwhile,outside the classroom,the pressure is on to find scholarships for college.

According to Braintrack,a higher education database with worldwide reach,more than 3 billion US dollars (18 billion yuan) in private scholarships are awarded to college students annually.Average awards range from $2,000 to $3,000.

The scholarship application process is similar to the college application process: forms to be completed,test scores and transcripts to be sent,essays to be written and often interviews to be prepared for.

A few great places to start looking for scholarships are: www.fastweb.com,www.finaid.org and www.collegexpress.com.Check out the annual scholarship guidebooks Scholarships,Grants & Prizes by Peterson’s and the Ultimate Scholarship Book: Billions of Dollars in Scholarships,Grants and Prizes by Gen Tanabe and Kelly Tanabe.

Be selective.Thoroughly research the qualifications required by each of the scholarships.Don’t waste your time applying for those that are need based if you can’t produce the appropriate documents.

Research past recipients (接受者).Check out the websites of the organizations sponsoring the scholarships.Many post the biographies of past recipients.You don’t need to have cured cancer,but if you don’t think your résumé (履历) measures up to the past winners’,you might be better served by moving onto the next scholarship on your list.Prepare for the interview.

You’ll want to dazzle them with your personality,but above all you’ll want to be prepared.Find someone you trust to conduct a similar interview with you – someone who will be honest with you and provide valuable suggestions.

Let your personality shine through in your essays.The essays are the best way for students to share who they are,where they’ve come from,what they’ve overcome and so on.Tell your story in an interesting and persuasive way.And if you do have an interview,send a thank you note afterward.

By Lee Bierer

1.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article?

A.To explain where to find scholarships for US colleges.

B.To inform readers of the scholarship application process.

C.To introduce some typical scholarships offered by US colleges.

D.To give tips on applying for US college scholarships.

2.If you want to learn about past recipients of a scholarship,you can use ______.

A.www.collegexpress.com

B.the annual scholarship guidebooks published by Peterson’s

C.the websites of the organizations sponsoring the scholarships

D.The Ultimate Scholarship Book: Billions of Dollars in Scholarships,Grants and Prizes

3.The underlined word “dazzle” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to ___.

A.influence B.impress C.guide D.present

4.To increase your chance of winning a scholarship,you are advised to ____.

A.apply for as many scholarships as you can

B.tell an interesting story in your essay

C.do a similar interview to help you prepare for the real one

D.have a talk with past recipients and try to talk like they do

Today we’ll talk about reading.When we read a text,our eyes move across a page in short,quick movements.We recognize words usually when our eyes still fixate(停留,凝视).Each time they fixate,we see a group of words.This is known as the recognition span or the visual span(视幅).The length of time for which the eyes stop varies from person to person.It also varies within any parson according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text.In addition,it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.

Unfortunately,in the past,many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the page.As a result of this misleading emphasis(强调)on the purely visual aspects of reading,many exercises have been designed to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation.For example,in some exercises,words are flashed on to a screen for a tenth of a second.One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point,taking in the words on either side.Such word patterns are often formed in the shape of pyramids(金字塔),so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive(连续的)fixation.All these exercises are very clever,but it' s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words.Consequently,for these reasons,many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training,especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated(孤立的)words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.

1.The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following factors except _______.

A. 1ighting and tiredness

B. the length of a group of words

C. one’s purpose in reading

D. one’s familiarity with the text

2.The author may believe that reading ______________.

A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation

B. requires a reader to see words more quickly

C. demands a deeply-participating mind

D. demands more eyes than mind

3.What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in the second paragraph?

A. The ability to see words is not needed for an efficient reading.

B. The reading exercises mentioned are useless for reading.

C. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help improve reading.

D. The reading exercises mentioned have done a great job so far.

4.Which of the following is NOT true? _______________.

A. The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time

B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training

C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading

D. The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text

5.The tune of the author in writing this text is _________________.

A. critical B. neutral

C. supportive D. optimistic

The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year.

Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook-stoves in the home. To help fight the problem, the WHO announced, new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.

WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking? heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4. 3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple coal cook-stoves. Most of the deaths are in developing countries.

Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO's Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not improve the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors.

WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia(肺炎) and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk.

Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.

WHO experts note some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction(电磁) stove for about $ 8.00. And in Africa a you can buy a solar lamp for less than $ 1. 00.

1.What has been done to reduce indoor air pollution?

A. The WHO provided selfless assistance for the poor.

B. People are forbidden to use coal-stoves inside.

C. The WHO issues official advice to cut down pollution,

D. People are taught how to correctly use their stoves.

2.According to WHO officials, we can know that

A. many people refuse to use clean fuels and technologies

B. seven million people die from indoor air pollution

C. simple coal cook-stoves cause too many deaths

D. the processed coal is dangerous to people’s heath

3.It can be concluded from the fifth paragraph that .

A. most children are suffering a lot from lung cancer

B. solid fuels are easily producing pollutants

C. sub-Saharan Africa is the poorest place

D. some countries are at the risk of using up fuels

4.What can we infer from the passage?

A. More and more will die in the future.

B. It is not hard to solve indoor air pollutants.

C. Most people cannot afford a new stove.

D. The WHO will take strong measures.

You know eating fruit and vegetables does good. But do you know it can also make you look good? People who increased their intake over just six weeks developed a healthy glow and appeared more attractive, researchers found. Scientists at St Andrews University found eating them slightly increased yellow and red pigments in the volunteers' skin. They monitored the food intake of 35 people and took pictures of their faces, arms and hands using a sensitive camera at the start, and after three and six weeks. Increasing their intake of greens by 2.9 portions a day was found to make the person look more healthy and an extra 3.3 portions could enhance their attractiveness, when their photographs were rated by others.

Fruit and vegetables are rich in carotenoids(类胡萝卜素),which are known to protect against cell damage from pollution and UV rays, and can also prevent age-related diseases including heart disease and cancer. But while it was known eating extreme amounts of certain vegetables such as carrots could turn skin orange,it was not known a small increase was perceptible(被觉察)to others—and was seen as appealing.

A camera measured changes to the skin's redness, yellowness and lightness, and found it significantly changed in people who naturally increased their intake. These changes were not evident in three weeks. Using light sensors, the researchers showed these red and yellow hues were linked with the levels of carotenoids in their skin. There are hundreds of carotenoids but those thought to have the most dramatic effect are lycopene(番茄红素)—which gives tomatoes and red peppers their red colour—and beta-carotene found in carrots as well as broccoli, squash, and spinach. Skin colour is also affected by chemicals called polyphenols(多元酚),found in apples, blueberries and cherries, which cause blood rush to the skin surface.

1.What do we know from the research?

A. If you take in a little more fruit and vegetables, you will obviously look more attractive in three weeks.

B. People who increased their intake of greens by 3.3 portions a day were found the most attractive after six weeks.

C. Increasing your intake of greens by 2.9 portions a day can greatly improve your health.

D. The researchers took the pictures of the 35 people in the research at different stages.

2.Which of the following is NOT the function of carotenoids?

A. They can protect against cell damage from pollution and UV rays.

B. They can prevent heart disease and cancer.

C. They can keep you in good health.

D. They can prevent age-related diseases.

34. 3.Which of the statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. We've already known eating extreme amounts of carrots can turn skin orange.

B. We knew in the past that eating a few more carrots could make us look appealing.

C. The research showed the improvement in skin is linked with the levels of carotenoids in it.

D. Among hundreds of carotenoids, lycopene is thought to have the most dramatic effect

4.Which can be the best title of the passage?

A. Eating fruit and vegetables does good.

B. Eating fruit and vegetables makes you look good.

C. How to become attractive?

D. Fruit and vegetables are rich in carotenoids.

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