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_______ hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat．

A． Whichever B． Whatever

C． However D． Whoever

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Outdoor air pollution leads to more than 3 million premature deaths each year, and more than two thirds of them occur in China and India, according to new research. The authors estimate that without government intervention, the total number of deaths could double by 2050.

The study, published in the journal Nature, identifies particulate matter(悬浮微粒) as the prime pollutant leading to premature mortality. Particulate matter, a substance formed as a combination of different materials released into the air, is thought to be harmful to human health once it exceeds 2.5 micrometers in diameter. Researchers also identified ozone as a contributor to dangerous air quality.

The causes of air pollution vary dramatically from place to place. In India and China, the study says, emissions from residential heating and cooking drive air pollution by creating unhealthy quantities of smoke. Overall, residential heating emissions cause one third of air pollution-related deaths worldwide.

In highly regulated areas, like the United States, Europe and Japan, emissions from agriculture tend to be primary contributors to air pollution. Fertilizer used in agriculture releases ammonia into the atmosphere, a process that creates harmful particulate matter. Globally, air pollution from agriculture kills more than 600,000 people annually, the study finds.

The findings are consistent with a 2014 report from the World Health Organization that suggested that 7 million deaths occur annually due to both indoor and outdoor air pollution.

The study’s conclusions give a sense of urgency to efforts to reduce air pollution but present challenges because of difficulty regulating heating activity in people’s homes, according to study author Jos Lelieveld. People who live in the most affected areas should be provided with information about less toxic heating methods, he said.

“It’s important to reduce emissions from residential energy use,” Lelieveld said on a conference call for journalists. “You can’t ask people to stop eating and cooking, but you can provide better technologies.”

Air pollution contributes to a variety of ailments that eventually lead to premature mortality like lung cancer, stroke and heart failure, according to the study. Another study published this week in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives reached similar conclusions showing the devastating (毁灭性的) effects of pollution on individual health. Researchers found that chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the chance of early death by 3%. That risk is especially high for heart disease; the chance a person will die of heart disease increases by around 10% with chronic exposure to particulate matter.

Researchers found that the number of deaths is expected to double by 2050 without new government policies. Nearly all of the increase will occur in Asia, according to the report.

1.Which of the following contributes to the air pollution?

A. Particulate matter. B. Ozone.

C. Smoke D. Both A and B.

2.Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Residential heating emissions cause two thirds of air pollution-related deaths worldwide.

B. 7 million deaths occur annually due to air pollution.

C. Air pollution from agriculture kills more than 600,000 people annually.

D. The causes of air pollution vary dramatically from place to place.

3.What might air pollution lead to?

A. Lung cancer. B. Stroke.

C. Heart failure. D. All above.

4.What can be inferred from the article?

A. Residential energy use should be stopped.

B. Chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the chance of early death by 3%.

C. The number of deaths is expected to double by 2050 due to air pollution.

D. It is urgent for the government to take action.

For most of the eight years they have been married, Ryan has never received a hug from his wife, Tracy. He has not even received a “hello” or a smile. Tracy has been since 2008. But this is not a story about the outcome of a young lady. Rather, it is about a man who has stayed to his wife, nursing her night and day, making sure she is as as possible.

Ryan and Tracy in a friend’s home in 2003. “She was beautiful and interesting to talk to,” Ryan says of his first of Tracy. In 2005, they got married and were very happy. However, a call put the couple’s life in a month after their daughter was born. Ryan was at work when a neighbor called to inform him that Tracy had been to the hospital.

, he ran to the hospital. When he got there, he knew his had been treated for fever. However, the fever did not after Tracy received that medical treatment.

Tracy’s breathing became labored and was to speak. The medical examination she developed an infection damaging her nerve system. Tracy went into a coma(昏迷) and a few days later, though she regained consciousness, she could not move her lower legs. “She was admitted to hospital for four months and doctors did all they could, her got worse,” Ryan says. She could no longer her legs, and lost the ability to give voices.

“Those four months are the most time I have ever had. I have never stopped hoping and praying she will regain her ,” Ryan says with a smile, “I miss her laughter, and wonder what kind of a mother she would be to our daughter.”

1.A. happy B. simple C. different D. basic

2.A. weak B. alone C. ill D. cruel

3.A. magic B. exciting C. unexpected D. sad

4.A. true B. strange C. rude D. useful

5.A. comfortable B. special C. safe D. conscious

6.A. married B. stayed C. met D. worked

7.A. impression B. expression C. discussion D. attention

8.A. danger B. trouble C. surprise D. silence

9.A. dashed B. rushed C. pushed D. carried

10.A. Angry B. Confident C. Anxious D. Proud

11.A. daughter B. friend C. neighbor D. wife

12.A. slow down B. go down C. look down D. burn down

13.A. ready B. eager C. unwilling D. unable

14.A. revealed B. repeated C. agreed D. admitted

15.A. even B. instead C. still D. again

16.A. though B. after C. since D. when

17.A. attitude B. examination C. condition D. pain

18.A. clean B. remove C. touch D. move

19.A. wonderful B. difficult C. ridiculous D. important

20.A. position B. power C. confidence D. health

That morning, I stepped into the classroom, ready to share my knowledge and experience with seventy-five students who would be my English Literature class．Having taught in for seventeen years, I had no about my ability to hold their attention and to on them my admiration for the literature of my mother tongue．

I was shocked when the monitor shouted, " !" The entire class rose as I entered the room, and I was somewhat about how to get them to sit down again, but once that awkwardness was over, I quickly my calmness and began what I thought was a fact-packed lecture, sure to gain their respect—perhaps their admiration．I went back to my office with the rosy glow which came from a sense of achievement．

My students diaries．However, as I read them, the rosy glow was gradually 49 by a strong sense of sadness．The first diary said, "Our literature teacher didn’t teach us anything today． her next lecture will be better．" Greatly surprised, I read diary after diary, each expressing a theme．"Didn’t I teach them anything? I described the entire philosophical framework of Western thought and laid the historical for all the works we’ll study in class," I complained．" How they say I didn’t teach them anything?"

It was a long term, and it became clear that my ideas about education were not the same as of my students．I thought a teacher’s job was to raise questions and provide enough background so that students could their own conclusions．My students thought a teacher’s job was to provide information as directly and clearly as possible．What a difference!

, I also learned a lot, and my experience with my Chinese students has made me a American teacher, knowing how to teach in a different culture．

1.A． the UK B． the US C． China D． Australia

2.A． worry B． idea C． doubt D． experience

3.A． impress B． put C． leave D． fix

4.A． Attention B． Look out C． At ease D． Stand up

5.A． puzzled B． sure C． curious D． worried

6.A． found B． returned C． regained D． followed

7.A． more B． even C． yet D． still

8.A． passed B． borrowed C． read D． kept

9.A． replaced B． taken C． caught D． moved

10.A． Naturally B． Perhaps C． Fortunately D． Reasonably

11.A． different B． strong C． similar D． usual

12.A． happenings B． characters C． development D． background

13.A． should B． need C． will D． must

14.A． immediately B． certainly C． simply D． gradually

15.A． that B． what C． those D． ones

16.A． difficult B． interesting C． ordinary D． unusual

17.A． draw B． look C． search D． offer

18.A． strange B． standard C． exact D． serious

19.A． Therefore B． However C． Besides D． Though

20.A． normal B． happy C． good D． better

In our class there are 50 students，half _________ wear glasses．

A． in whom B． in them

C． of whom D． of them

— Do you know how Chinese acupuncture reduces pain?

— Well, well, _______．I’ve never read about that.

A． I can’t tell you

B． you really have me there

C． there is some doubt

D． what a shame

— You are really crazy about music!

— Sort of．I always find in music _______ peace which is missing in _______ world full of challenges.

A． /; the

B． /; a

C． a; the

D． the; a

Jean is a bright young lady who comes from a rich and famous family. She goes to a good university and has everything that money can buy. Well, almost everything. The problem is that the people in Jean's family are so busy that they can hardly find time to be with her. So Jean spends a lot of time on her QQ. She likes being anonymous (匿名), talking to people who do not know about her famous family and her rich life. She uses the name Linda on QQ and has made a lot of friends who she keeps in touch with quite often.

Last year Jean made a very special friend on QQ. His name was David and lived in San Francisco. David was full of stories and jokes. He and Jean had a common interest in rock music and modern dance. So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they even forgot their time. Of course, they wanted to know more about each other. David sent her a picture of himself: He was a tall, good-looking young man with a big happy smile. As time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other.

When Jean's father told her that he was going on a business trip to San Francisco, she asked him to let her go with him so that she could give David a surprise for his birthday. She would take him the latest DVD of their favorite rock singer. But when she knocked on David's door in San Francisco, she found that her special friend was only a ten-year-old boy named Jim!

1.Jean spends a lot of her time on QQ because she is .

A. rich B. young C. lonely D. talkative

2.The following states are true about Jean EXCEPT that according to the passage.

A. she is a university student

B. she was born in a wealthy family

C. she made a friend named Jim younger than her

D. she uses her family name on her QQ

3.We could believe that Jean was when seeing Jim himself instead of David on QQ at the door.

A. delighted B. disappointed

C. regretful D. confused

he best way of learning a language is using it．The best way of learning English is talking in English as much as possible．Sometimes you'll get your words mixed up( 混合 ) and people will not understand you．Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you can' t understand them．But if you keep your sense of humor ( 幽默感 ) ， you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you make．Don't be unhappy if people seem to be laughing at your mistakes．It's better for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you ， because they don't understand what you are saying．The most important thing for learning English is ： "Don't be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes."

1.The writer thinks that the best way for you to learn a language is ____．

A． writing

B． listening

C． using it

D． learning grammar

2.What should you do in learning English?

A． Be careful not to make any mistake．

B． Write as quickly as you can．

C． Laugh more often．

D． Speak English as much as you can．

3.When people laugh at your mistakes，you should ____．

A． not care

B． be happy

C． feel worried

D． be unhappy

4.When you make a mistake ，you should ____．

A． keep quiet

B． keep your sense of humor

C． be kind

D． get angry

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