题目内容
6.There was a time when we thought humans were special in so many ways.Now we know better.We are not the only species that feels emotions,or follows a moral code.Neither are we the only ones with personalities,cultures and the ability to design and use tools.Yet we all agree that one thing,at least,makes us unique:we alone have the ability of language.It turns out that we are not so special in this aspect either.Key to the revolutionary reassessment of our talent for communication is the way we think about language itself.Where once it was seen as an unusual object,today scientists find it is more productive to think of language as a group of abilities.Viewed this way,it becomes apparent that the component parts of language are not as unique as the whole.
Take gesture,arguably the starting point for language.Until recently,it was considered uniquely human-but not any more.Mike Tomasello of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig,Germany,and others have collected a list of gestures observed in monkeys and some other animals,which reveals that gestures play a large role in their communication.Ape (猿) gestures can involve touch,vocalising or eye movement,and individuals wait until they have another ape's attention before making visual or auditory gestures.If their gestures go unacknowledged,they will often repeat them.
In an experiment carried out in 2006by Erica Cartmill and Richard Byrne from the University of St Andrews in the UK,they got a person to sit on a chair with some highly desirable food such as banana to one side of apes and some undesirable food such as vegetables to the other.The apes,who could see the person and the food from their enclosures,gestured at their human partners to encourage them to push the desirable food their way.If the person showed incomprehension and offered the vegetables,the animals would change their gestures-just as humans would in a similar situation.If the human seemed to understand while being somewhat confused,giving only half the preferred food,the apes would repeat and exaggerate their gestures-again in exactly the same way a human would.Such findings highlight the fact that the gestures of the animals are not merely inborn but are learned,flexible and under voluntary control-all characteristics that are considered preconditions for human-like communication.
73.Compared with all the other animals,we agree that humans aloneB.
A.own the ability to show their personalities
B.are capable of using language to communicate
C.have moral standards and follow them in society
D.are intelligent enough to release and control emotions
74.According to the passage,humans are not so special in language ability because languageC.
A.involves some abilities that can be mastered by animals
B.is a talent impossibly owned by other animals
C.can be divided into different components
D.are productive for some talented animals
75.Which of the statements can be concluded from the passage?A
A.Some animals can try to use body languages as communication methods.
B.Gestures,the starting point for language,are considered uniquely human.
C.Some animals such as apes and monkeys share some common gestures codes.
D.When gestures are misunderstood,apes will often try to express in a new way.
76.What can we learn from the experiment by Cartmill and Byrne?C
A.Apes can use language to communicate with the help of humans.
B.Repeating and exaggerating gestures is vital in language communication.
C.Some animals can learn to express and communicate through some trials.
D.The preferred food stimulates some animals to use language to communicate.
77.What is probably the best title of the passage?B
A.Language involves gestures!
B.Animals language-gestures!
C.So you think humans are unique?
D.The similarity between humans and apes.
分析 本文主要讲述了有些动物能够通过肢体语言进行交流.肢体语言不再被认为是人类所独有的能力,它在动物之间的沟通中也发挥了很大的作用.实验表明,动物的姿态不仅是与生俱来的,而且可以通过学习来进行表达交流.
解答 73.B细节理解题.根据第一段we alone have the ability of language.可知只有人类能用语言交流.故选B.
74.C细节理解题.根据第二段it becomes apparent that the component parts of language are not as unique as the whole.可知语言的组成部分并不像整体那样独特.故选C.
75.A细节判断题.根据第三段主要讲述了一些动物可以尝试使用身体语言作为沟通的方法.故选A.
76.C细节推断题.根据最后一段Such findings highlight the fact that the gestures of the animals are not merely inborn but are learned,flexible and under voluntary control-all characteristics that are considered preconditions for human-like communication.可知实验发现动物的姿态不仅是与生俱来的,而且是有学问的,灵活随意的控制被认为是人类交流的先决条件.由此推知,有些动物可以通过一些试验来学习表达和交流.故选C.
77.B理解判断题.本文主要讲述了有些动物能够通过身体语言进行交流.故选B.
点评 本文考察学生的理解推断能力以及细心程度,只要抓住文章的关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节,就能找到正确答案.
A. | it was why that | B. | why was it that | C. | was it why that | D. | why it was that |
A. | a;/ | B. | the; a | C. | a; the | D. | the;/ |
一Sure,_________.( )
A. | pardon me | B. | good idea | C. | go ahead | D. | forget it |
A. | I realized | B. | I had realized | C. | had I realized | D. | did I realize |
A. | situation | B. | suggestion | C. | invitation | D. | attention |
A. | went | B. | disappeared | C. | ran | D. | fell |