题目内容

You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. If you give and give without making time to fill your own needs, then it’s likely you will burn out, or feel upset. When you take and take without giving anything back, you never feel fulfilled, so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life.
The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving is to know and then live by your values. I break values up into two groups which I call being and having values. Your being values are the character traits of the ideal person you would like to be. I suggest to my clients that they choose three being values that they are willing to make a commitment to live by. An example of some being values are: kind, loving, generous, inspirational, peaceful, wise and even powerful. By acting on these values you give to others through your actions and you inspire others by being a positive role model. Mastering being these character traits becomes your life purpose.
Your having values are feelings you need to create in order to be happy. These could be companionship, achievement, support, being valued or financial security. This is what you receive. You take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create these feelings and conditions in your life.
When you make a commitment to live by being values, it becomes easier to make conscious choices rather than reactionary ones. If your usual pattern is to talk about your problems, you could choose to think and act like a calm person. A clam person might go for a walk, meditate(沉思), or set a time limit before responding. If your usual pattern is to worry, you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person. In other words, you would act like the person you choose to be-this is the key to personal power.
When you choose to act on your values, you not only feel good about yourself, you reinforce(加强)your chosen beliefs. Over time acting in this way changes how you see the world, and in turn the way other people think of you.
小题1:The main purpose of this passage is to _____
A inform the readers how to be truly happy
B explain to the readers what personal values are
C persuade the readers to make a commitment
D instruct the readers how to make wise choices
小题2:According to the text, living by your being values, you would_____
A gain a lot of power                 B fill your own needs
C seek all human virtues              D form positive personality
小题3:The underline word “void” in Paragraph 1 means______
A a break of continuity                B an absent of one’s mind
C a feeling of emptiness               D a state of confusion
小题4:What can be inferred from the text?
A Having values are better than being values
B A calm person does not choose to complain.
C The way other people think of you decides who you are.
D A responsible person does not care about financial security

小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:B

本文论述了保持平衡的重要性和如何保持平衡的方法。
小题1:主旨归纳题。只有保持平衡合理，才能使人感到舒适、快乐真正幸福。
小题2:细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句可知，因为养成一种快乐、向上的积极的个性，才能使一个人愉快的与其他人交流、合作，才能实现自我价值。
小题3:猜测词义题。文章第一段说如果只吸收而不释放，或只释放而不吸收，就只会使人感到缺什么东西，从而去填满或补充。
小题4:推断题。有第四段可以推出一个冷静的人总会沉思，找出缺点或错误所在，而不是去怨天尤人。
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Most of us lead unhealthy lives; we spend far too much sitting down. If in addition we are careless about our diets, our bodies soon become loose and fatty and our systems slow?moving. There are some aspects(方面) of our unhealthy lives that we cannot avoid. I am thinking of such features of modern city life as pollution, noise, rushed meals and stress. But keeping fit is a way to reduce the effects of these evils. The usual suggestion to a person who is looking for a way to keep fit is to take up some sport or other. While it is true that every weekend you will find people playing football and hockey in the local park, they are outnumbered a hundred to one by the people who are simply watching them.
　　For those who do not particularly enjoy competitive sports — and it is especially difficult to do so if you are not good at them — there are such separate activities as cycling, walking, jogging and swimming. What often happens though is that you do them in such a leisurely way, so slowly, that it is doubtful if you are doing yourself much good, except for the fact that you have at least managed to get up out of your armchair.
　　Even after you have found a way for keeping in shape, through sport or gymnastics, you are still only half way to good health, because, according to the experts, you must also master the art of complete mental and physical relaxation(放松). It has to do with deep breathing, emptying your mind of all thoughts, meditation, and so on. Yoga, as practiced in the West, is the most widely known and popular of the systems for achieving the necessary state of relaxation. It seems ironical (讽刺性的), though, that as our lives have improved in a material sense we have found it increasingly necessary to go back to forms of activity?physical effort on the one hand and relaxation on the other — which were the natural way of life of our forefathers.
12. Pollution, noise and stress are examples of _____.
A. causes of unfitness
B. bad features of living in towns
C. the things we can completely do away with
D. unavoidable things in town
13. We don’t get much out of separate sports because we _____.
A. don’t do them very often 
B. don’t do them actively enough
C. find it hard to get out of our armchairs
D. don’t find them interesting
14. To be healthy we must _____.
A. keep fit and active                                      B. keep fit and learn to relax
C. be active and practise Yoga                               D. have a sound mind
15. Our forefathers were healthy because______.
A. their way of life closely connected with both exercise and relaxation
B. they were careful to get plenty of fresh air
C. they spent most of the time out of doors
D. their environment was not polluted
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”, that’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak(最高峰). For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why it is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自语)as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” the possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature—and—energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract(对抗)your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn(呵欠)and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
小题1:If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ______.
A．he is a lazy person       
B．he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C．he is not sure when his energy is low
D he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
小题2: Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A．Not knowing about the energy cycle
B．Familiar monologues
C．A change in a family member’s energy cycle
D．Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members
小题3:If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should ______.
A．change his energy cycleB．overcome his laziness
C．get up earlier than usualD．go to bed earlier
小题4:You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ______.
A．help to keep your energy for the day’s work
B．help you to control your temper early in the day
C．enable you to concentrate on your routine work
D．keep your energy cycle under control all day
Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situation－for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.
The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic (the opposite of “temporary”) usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, for example, friends, family members, co－workers, etc. we depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.
Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease, while temporary and situational loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.
小题1:How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?     
A．Talk to friends.B．Just ignore it.
C．Go to see a doctor.D．Ask your teachers for guidance.
小题2:“It” in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to ___________.
A．temporary lonelinessB．situational loneliness
C．a new placeD．sleeplessness
小题3:Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?
A．Chronic loneliness can cause family problems.
B．Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness
C．Chronic loneliness can not be overcome.
D．Chronic loneliness is incurable.
小题4:What is the best title for the passage?
A．Three kinds of lonelinessB．Loneliness and disease
C．Loneliness and social contactsD．Chronic loneliness
People Born in Autumn Live Longer
People born in the autumn live longer than those born in the spring and are less likely to fall chronically ill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist.
Using census（人口普查）data for more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia, scientists at the Max Planck Institute in the northern German town of Rostock found the month of birth was related to life expectancy（预期寿命）over the age of 50. Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections occurring at different times of the year could both have an impact on the health of a new-born baby and could influence its life expectancy in older age. “A mother giving birth in spring spends the last phase of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat less vitamins than in summer,” said Gabriele Doblhammer, one of a team of scientists who carried out the research. “When she stops breast-feeding and starts giving her baby normal food, it’s in the hot weeks of summer when babies are prone (易于)to infections of the digestive system.” In Austria, adults born in autumn (October-December) lived about seven months longer than those born in spring (April-June), and in Denmark adults with birthdays in autumn outlived those born in spring by about four months. In the southern hemisphere, the picture was similar. Adults born in the Australian autumn—the European spring—lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring. The study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century, using death certificates and census data. Although nutrition at all times of the year has improved since then, the seasonal pattern persists, Doblhammer said.
But on the other hand, according to a study of more 40,000 people, those born in spring and summer report themselves luckier than those born in autumn or winter. Professor Richard Wise-man who led the research explained that the temperature at the time of birth might influence the development of the brain and seasonal factors make a difference as well.
小题1:The underlined word “outlived” in the text probably means ________.
A．lived out ofB．depended on
C．had a shorter life thanD．lived longer than
小题2:The census data of the following countries is used for research EXCEPT _______.
A．Germany.B．Denmark.
C．Australia.D．Austria.
小题3:What’s the main idea of this text?
A．Nutrition at all times of the year has improved since the beginning of the 20th century.
B．In Austria, adults born in autumn (October—December) lived about seven months longer than those born in spring (April—June).
C．People born in autumn live longer than those born in spring and are less likely to fall ill when they are older.
D．Babies are prone to infections of the digestive system.
小题4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A．Infections occurring at different times of the year influence the health of a new-born baby.
B．The study focused on people born in the late 20th century.
C．A mother giving birth in spring eats less vitamins during the last phase of her pregnancy in winter.
D．What mothers ate during pregnancy could have an impact on the babies’ life expectancy in older age.
小题5:The right sentence of the following is ________.
A．The month of birth was not related to life expectancy over the age of 50.
B．A mother giving birth in spring spends the last phase of her pregnancy in winter, eating more vitamins than in summer.
C．Stopping breast-feeding and starting giving babies normal food must make babies prone to get infected with the digestive system in the hot weeks of summer.
D．Adults born in the Australian autumn―the European spring―lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring.
Drinking small amount of hard Japanese rice wine apparently never hurt 114-year-old Kamato Hongo.She is now the world’s oldest living person, according to Guinness World Records.
“Hongo inherited（继承）the title Monday after the death of the previous record holder, Maud Farris-Luse ,of Coldwater , Mich.,”the record-keeping company said on its website.Farris-Luse was 115 years and 56 days old then.
“Hongo, born on Sept .16,1887, was raised on a farm and counts drinking Japanese rice wine among her favorite things ─ along with black salt, pork ,sashimi（生鱼片）and green tea,”according to Guinness. “She also likes traditional Japanese dancing.”
“The key is not storing up stress,”said her 45-year-old grandson Tsuyoshi Kurauchi. “If you do that, you can eat or drink anything.”
“Hongo mothered seven children, more than 20 grandchildren, and even outlived her eldest daughter, who died two years ago while in her 90s,”according to Kurauchi, who described Hongo as a “warm, caring grandmother”.
She lived in a nursing home in Kagoshima, a city about 615 miles southwest of Tokyo on the island of Kyushu, which has reputation for record-breaking longevity among its residents.
Hongo was born in the nearby town of Isen, home to the late Shigechiyo Izumi, who also held the Guinness record as the world’s oldest person. He died in 1986 at the age of 120.
Recently , another Kyushu resident was regarded as the world’s oldest man. Retired silkworm farmer Yukichi Chuganji graduated into the spot on Jan . 4 with the death of his predecessor, Antonio Todde of Italy. Chuganji turns 113 on Saturday.
There are an estimated 15,000 Japanese over the age of 100, and women make up about 80 percent of the total.
小题1:The sentence “The key is not storing up stress.”in Paragraph 4 means “ ___________”.
A．The most important is to mind everything that has been done.
B．The most important is to forget the unpleasant things.
C．The most important is to reduce the heavy load of learning and work.
D．The most important is to remember what brings you unhappiness.
小题2:Who is considered to be the world’s oldest man alive in the passage?
A．Maud Farris-Luse.B．Shigechiyo Izumi.
C．Yukichi Chuganji.D．Kamato Hongo.
小题3:Which of the following is not true about Kamato Hongo?
A．She is the world’s oldest person alive.
B．She loves drinking Japanese rice wine.
C．She is fond of traditional Japanese dancing.
D．She cares about everything that happens around her.
小题4: The passage mainly talks about ___________________ .
A．the fact that women are living longer than men
B．something about the Japanese oldest living lady
C．the fact that Kagoshima is famous for longevity
D．the secret of living longer
Even as Americans have been gaining weight, they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years.  And indeed,  cutting fat  to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates（碳水化合物） have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize fat than it does to metabolize other foods. Compared with protein and carbohydrates — which break down into amino acids and simple sugars, respectively, and can be used to strengthen and energize the body —— dietary fat is more easily converted to body fat. Therefore, it’s more likely to stay on buttocks, thighs and bellies.? 
But cutting fat from your diet doesn’t necessarily mean your body won’t store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies, there’s trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight again. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn’t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he’d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. “They don’t have any fat,” he explains. But they had enough sugar to keep him from shedding an ounce. ? 
Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was borne out in a Pennsylvania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt（酵母乳）that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group’s yogurt label said “high fat”—the other, “low fat.” The “low fat” yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. “People think they’ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,” says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcher at Purdue University. “But when they do that, they don’t compensate very precisely, and they often end up overdoing it.”
小题1:What lessons did the computer programme learn ?
A．Overeating will cause weight gain
B．He can eat half a pound of jellybeans a day
C．He can’t didn’t eat any fat
D．His coach gave him a lecture
小题2:Prof. Barbara’s ecperiement proved that _______________.
A．two groups ate the same amount of calories
B．two groups ate the same wmount of yogurt
C．the “ low fat” yogurt group ate more calories later in the day than the other group
D．people increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain group
小题3:According to the author ,________has less calories.
A．fat
B．protein and carbohydrates
C．low-fat soups
D．sugar
小题4: What can you infer from the text ?
A．To keep from being overweight, people have to eat nofat food
B．The calories from fat just do it a little quicker than from protein and carbohydrates
C．People should avoid temptation
D．Americans realize that it is necessary to count calories before eating the food
Zinc(锌) is one of about 20 elements necessary for good health. It is present in the body in a very small amount but makes it possible for important chemical actions to be carried out in cells. Scientists are just beginning to discover how zinc and other elements work.
Researchers first studied zinc as a way to speed recovery. Dr. Waltor Powys formerly with the United States Air Force noted that the laboratory animals recovered faster when some matters were added to their food. One of these matters was zinc. Dr. Powys later tested the zinc treatment on an American airman recovering from medical operations. The airman who received zinc sulphate(硫酸盐) recovered in half of the usual time. Other doctors studied persons who had a number of strange disorders. The doctors learned that all of these problems were caused by lack of zinc in the body. They treated these disorders successfully by giving the patients zinc sulphate.
The amount of zinc in the body can be found by examining blood and hair. A lack of this important element is not uncommon among people in both industrial and developing countries. Zinc is found in most high protein(蛋白质) foods such as meat, milk, fish and eggs. It is also found in whole grains. But many people do not eat enough of these food. Food markets should add these elements so that more people could get needed amount of these necessary matters.
小题1:Which of the following statements is true?
A．Scientists found how zinc works a long time ago.
B．People need a large amount of zinc to be healthy.
C．Zinc allows important chemical actions to take place in cells.
D．Zinc must be used in the course of medical operation.
小题2: One of the results from the study of zinc is that _______.
A．there’s only a little zinc in the human body
B．food rich in protein contains more zinc
C．some physical problems are caused by lack of zinc
D．any patient who receives zinc sulphate gets well immediately
小题3:The best title for the passage may be _______.
A．A New Discovery B．Zinc and Health
C．How Zinc WorksD．Add Zinc to Your Food
Five months after my husband Steve died, I woke up one morning to the maddening sound of a leaking faucet（水龙头）. I knew it needed repairs badly, but it _______ me so much just to think of it.
All our _______ life, I was the “artist” bringing to our house much imagination. Steve was the”_______” one. He had a real gift for handling chores（家务活），_______ me from unpleasant repair jobs.
But how could such a good man have his life cut short so suddenly! I had been so sad and angry that I completely _______ the house. That leaky faucet somehow awakened me to the fact that I now had to _______ the challenge of getting things fixed.
I got a workman named Ahmed. Entering the house, he stopped before a picture of Steve and me. “Doesn’t your husband _______ this kind of work?” he asked. “It’s not hard.”
“He died months ago. When he was alive, he did all the repair jobs _______.” I said quietly. Ahmed looked at me _______, but he didn’t reply. He fixed the faucet, adjusted the dishwasher door, and replaced a showerhead. Apparently he was gifted as Steve had been.
He did a(n) _______ job. I asked him to name his fee. “No charge, Ma’am,” he said. “My father died early, and the neighbors helped my family through.”
By fixing a faucet, Ahmed mended my soul. Although I would sure carry the pain of _______ with me along, Ahmed reminded me of the abundant _______ in the world.
小题1:
A．hurtB．puzzledC．costD．disappointed
小题2:
A．separateB．sharedC．spiritualD．social
小题3:
A．activeB．boringC．carelessD．practical
小题4:
A．attractingB．shelteringC．drivingD．prohibiting
小题5:
A．ignoredB．hatedC．cleanedD．missed
小题6:
A．come up withB．face up withC．look forward toD．step away from
小题7:
A．beginB．checkC．likeD．find
小题8:
A．gratefullyB．firmlyC．bravelyD．wonderfully
小题9:
A．strangelyB．innocentlyC．painfullyD．sympathetically
小题10:
A．terribleB．excellentC．importantD．dangerous
小题11:
A．lossB．failureC．fearD．regret
小题12:
A．friendshipB．devotionC．kindnessD．justice

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