In many sports, physical contact(身体接触) is part of the game. But when athletes hit their heads, the hit can cause concussions(脑震荡).

Concussions have long been a concern for professional athletes, but they’ve become more common among young players too. Between 2001 and 2009, the number of kids under 19 visiting doctors for concussions each year increased by 62 percent.

Engineers are developing new helmets(头盔), and new rules are limiting physical contact in some sports. But are these efforts enough to protect kids’ brains?

Concussions can happen during many types of activities. But sports like football and soccer are especially risky. When you run or jump, your body is moving at an increased speed. A sudden hit causes you to move faster in a different direction.

“It’s like when you’re in a bus and it makes a sudden stop,” says Dr. Kevin Crutchfield, an expert at a sports concussion center in Baltimore, Maryland. “You hit the inside of the bus.”

This hit damages the brain. It affects the way the brain functions. So some sports require athletes to wear helmets. Helmets help reduce the force of a hit. The hard outer shell spreads the force of larger area. Inside a helmet, a plastic or air-filled lining also helps soften the blow.

Steve Rowson is an engineer at Virginia Tech. In his lab, he tests how helmets hold up against different types of hits. No helmet can prevent concussions completely, says Rowson. But he’s found that when wearing a newer football helmet, the player’s head doesn’t gain speed as much after a hit. That lowers the risk of concussions.

Many youth sports teams have set limits on physical contact to reduce the risk of concussions. In soccer, most concussions happen as a result of headers—shots or passes made with the head. That’s why many people think kids shouldn’t head the ball until high school.

These efforts should help, says Crutchfield. But the best way to prevent long-term brain injuries, he says, is to stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion. “Protect yourself today so you can play again tomorrow.”

1.Concussions among young players ______.

A. are rare before 2001

B. seem extremely worrying

C. cause kids to lose interest in sports

D. are mostly caused by wearing no helmets

2.The author mentions the sudden stop of the bus to _____.

A. stress it’s dangerous to ride buses

B. show human brains are easily damaged

C. give a better explanation of concussions

D. remind people to wear helmets while playing sports

3.What does Steve Rowson think of the newer football helmets?

A. They vary a lot in size.

B. They work better than the old ones.

C. They slow down the player’s running speed.

D. They allow the players to move their heads more freely.

4.Dr. Crutchfield suggests that after receiving a concussion, young players should__.

A. never head the ball

B. avoid dangerous sports

C. play other kinds of sports

D. stop playing the sport for a while

阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从1—20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项.

On a cold November afternoon,my mother and I were walking home from a .We were dressed .I was feeling a little as I was carrying our shopping,and decided to throw away something.So I started to walk towards a when I noticed a poor man walking out of the restaurant in front of us.He over to another nearby dustbin and started looking through it.

I suddenly felt very guilty because I was about to throw away a new drink just because it was .I walked up to him and handed the and some snacks(小吃)over to him.The man looked up and took what I gave him.A huge smile across his face and this me to feel indescribable satisfaction.I felt I couldn’t be happier myself.But then he said:“Wow,this is my son’s lucky day!”

With that,he thanked me happily and started off on his bike,I heard him whistling a song as he rode away.

I got a warm inside.I now understand is meant by the saying “giving is getting”.

Although it only a little action and a few words,I gained and learned more in those two minutes than I did in the rest of the month.Everyone in the world needs ,everyone can help and everyone will be helped by kindness.

The image of that man’s happiness caused by my small gift appears in my mind every I have the chance to do sething nice.

This is the of charity(慈善行为).

1.A.store B.school C.hospital D.factory

2.A.poorly B.coldly C.warmly D.expensively

3.A.glad B.interested C.bored D.tired

4.A.street B.dustbin C.toilet D.corner

5.A.walked B.looked C.thought D.took

6.A.cheap B.heavy C.tasteless D.full

7.A.money B.toys C.drink D.Clothes

8.A.in silence B.in surprise C.in interest D.in a hurry

9.A.spread B.Came C.went D.ran

10.A.forced B.helped C.made D.caused

11.A.with B.to C.at D.for

12.A.still B.never C.even D.ever

13.A.opinion B.mind C.idea D.feeling

14.A.which B.what C.that D.it

15.A.cost B.took C.spent D.asked

16.A.1ove B.money C.help D.drink

17.A.give B.send C.offer D.have

18.A.showing B.expressing C.1ending D.saying

19.A.moment B.day C.minute D.time

20.A.aim B.meaning C.strength D.Power

If Confucius were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake,there would be a lot of candles.He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.

While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day,few people in the United States will give him a passing thought.It’s nothing personal.Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.

But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius.In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.

In the past two decades,the Chinese study programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities.More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries.These schools teach both Chinese language and culture.The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art,history and philosophy.Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the old Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy.Students in the United States,at the same time,are racing to learn Chinese.So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States.Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.

So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.

Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.

As for the old thinker,he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West,even if his birthday is.

1.The first paragraph is mainly intended to_________.

A. provide some key facts about Confucius

B. prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations

C. show great respect for the old thinker

D. attract the readers’ interest in the subject

2.The reason why few Americans remember Confucius on his birthday is probably that______.

A. they don’t care about Confucius at all.

B. they consider their own national heroes more important.

C. he has bee a bridge between foreigners and China.

D. they don’t pay much attention to the birthdays of famous people.

3.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students________.

A. were not interested in Chinese studies before

B. take an active part in Chinese petitions

C. have a great interest in studying Chinese

D. hope to make money in China

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A. Old Thinker with a Big Future

B. Huge Fans of the Chinese Language

C. Chinese Culture for Westerners

D. Forgotten Wisdom in America DDCA

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