题目内容

Part of the fun of watching sports events is following an exciting rivalry (竞争关系).

But where do all these rivalries come from?

Some rivalries start because athletes spend a lot of time close to opponents (对手).

Other rivalries get personal. Things that one rival says that are thought to be not respectful to the other can cause a rivalry, even if the words are misunderstood. And sometimes, rivalries grow just because the athletes don’t like each other’s personalities.

Some sports may also be more likely than others to cause rivalries. “Some sports only meet a few times, so there is less chance for rivalries to build,” For example, in sports where athletes perform on their own, such as diving, rivalries might also take longer to appear than in sports in which athletes compete at the same time. But in tennis, players often face each other, and rivalries are more likely to happen.

So do the rivalries do good or harm to the athletes?

Some believe that rivalries can be a good thing because they encourage athletes to try harder to win. But rivalries can also become too personal, taking athletes’ attention away from their sports.

Keegan agreed that rivalries often do athletes more harm than good. “They can be a huge distraction (分散注意力的事) and lead to focusing on the opponent more than the game,” he said.

“Top athletes often have physical and mental training that they follow in order to worry less and prepare to compete”, Gould further explained. An important part of that preparation is preventing from distractions, including rivalries.

“The better athletes don’t care too much about a rivalry – they try to treat every competition the same,” Gould told LiveScience.

1.According to the article, which of the following sports is least likely to cause a rivalry?

A. Tennis. B. Swimming. C. Diving. D. Soccer.

2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?

A. Rivalries between athletes may result from misunderstandings.

B. The more often you meet your opponent, the more you dislike him or her.

C. Rivalries mainly come from a dislike for each other’s personalities.

D. Audiences easily get bored if there are few rivalries in a competition.

3.Why does Keegan think rivalries could do more harm than good to athletes?

A. Rivalries could result in physical and mental suffering.

B. Rivalries could cause athletes to worry needlessly.

C. Rivalries could drive athletes to train too hard.

D. Rivalries could distract athletes from their sports.

4.In Gould’s eyes, top athletes ______.

A. care little about their competition

B. focus more on the game than on their opponents

C. treat every competition as daily training

D. take every possible opportunity to become stronger

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Taking a shower is relaxing．You can hum a song, daydream or think about nothing, leaving the real world behind you．But did you know that showering can also benefit your mind?

A research by Scott Barry Kaufman, a psychologist from Yale University in the US interviewed over 3,000 people around the world．It turned out that nearly two-thirds of the interviewees said they had experienced new ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work．

So why does a simple shower have such magic power? Science can explain it．

Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine, a hormone (荷尔蒙) closely related to our creativity．“People vary in terms of their level of creativity according to the activity of dopamine”, explained Alice Flaherty, a famous American neuroscientist．“Taking a warm shower can make us feel relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring 'Aha!' moment to us．”

Besides the chemical changes, showering may give you a break from what you feel you have been stuck with．Especially when you have thought hard all day about a problem, jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories．In this way, according to American psychologist Shelley H．Carson, author of Your Creative Brain, “a showering hour may turn into an ‘incubation (孵化) period’ for your ideas．”

Compared with sitting in front of a computer, taking a shower is something we do less frequently in our daily life．When showering, we get a fresh experience with the change of location, temperature and humidity．“New and unexpected experiences can lead to positive changes in thinking,” explained Kaufman．“Getting off the couch and jumping in the shower may create a distance and force you to think from a new point of view．”

Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds, but it needn't just be the bathroom where you get your inspiration．For instance, Gertrude Stein, a female American writer and poet, got new ideas by driving around a farm and stopping at different cows until she found the one that most inspired her．So try to create your own way to free your mind, whether it's a walk near the ocean, a country drive or reading a book at home．

1.According to the article, what changes can showering cause?

A．Bringing the terrible moment to us．

B．Increasing the level of dopamine．

C．Leading to boredom or tiredness．

D．Setting the creative part of the brain free．

2.If one has focused on something all day, showering can help _______．

A．turn one’s attention inwards

B．draw one’s attention to the outside world

C．one make an important breakthrough

D．many chemical changes to take place

3.It can be inferred from the article that _______．

A．changes in the frequency of an action can create a new perspective

B．it is a good idea to talk with others about their sources of inspiration

C．our lives might feel longer and fuller if we frequently try new things

D．it is helpful to try something different rather than stay focused on a difficult task

4.The example of Gertrude Stein in the last paragraph is used to _______．

A．encourage readers to find their own ways of getting inspiration

B．point out to readers that it's hard to find inspiration

C．explain how to link inspiration with readers’ daily lives

D．show that creativity often comes from strange places

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均限一词。

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Friendship is very importance. Everyone needs friendship. In all our lives we can’t live without friendship just as we can’t live without air and water. Friendship makes us getting on well with one another to go ahead under different kind of difficulties in the front of us. But real friendship is not easy to come by. True friendship must be sincerely and be based on understand each other but not on benefits of each other. A good friend can always be a good teacher to us. By his advices we are persuading to go the right way. Therefore more friends we have, the better we can improve ourselves.

______ cleaning the yard and making up the beds for the old, we also read newspapers for them and had chats with them.

A. Except for B. Apart from

C. Rather than D. Instead of

My brother’s pale face suggested that he ______ ill, and my parents suggested that he ______ some medicine .

A. be; should have

B. was; should have

C. should be; had

D. was; has

根据相应提示填词

1.Dad s ________ not to smoke again, but mum didn’t believe his promise.

2.I feel really g__________ at forgetting her birthday again.

3.He respects those who are in d___________ with him.

4.—— A lot of animals are dying out.

—— Yes, especially those that are most s_______ to the changes of the environment.

5.It’s our duty and __________ (责任) to protect our environment all around the world.

6.He exchanged a few words with the professor, an old ____________(熟人) of his.

7.She is a ___________(顾问) to the government.

8.He began the project by __________(非法地) using the university computer system..

9.Martha would ____________(消耗) nearly a pound of cheese every day.

10. — What kind of person do you think Tom is?

— He is a silent but hard-working student, always sitting there, a_____ in the book he is reading.

---If you focus on what you've left behind, you'll never be able to see what lies ahead.

--- That’s it.

A. I can’t agree with it.

B. You’ve got a point there.

C. You’ve got me there.

D. Action speaks louder than words.

阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

For the majority of fans, the NBA means a series of exciting games1.(broadcast) on TV, but for some students in China, the world’s top basketball league means something closer to real life.

On June 6, NBA China and the Chinese Ministry of Education said that their partnership2.(take) further to improve fitness and basketball development in elementary, middle and high school across China.

According to China Daily, 3. (begin) in September, the pilot program(试点计划) in 500 schools in 10 provinces will give students basketball training4.a basketball curriculum created by the Ministry of Education and the NBA.

NBA China will also host five coaching classes in August5.(train) PE teachers from 500 schools using the newly-designed basketball curriculum. The teachers will then share their knowledge with students through6. (week) basketball classes in the new semester.

In 7., NBA China and the Ministry of Education will start a guiding committee made8.of basketball experts from China and the US to advise schools on basketball programs.

The two parties will work9.(close) to run school basketball leagues and10. (compete) between classes. They will also share training videos and other programs online to develop basketball skills in elementary, middle and high schools.

Most people who move to a foreign country may experience a period of time when they have a lot of stress in the new culture. This feeling is often called “culture shock” and it is important to learn how to deal with culture shock. First of all, you should know that everyone in a new situation will go through some form of culture shock. There are four general stages of cultural adjustment(适应).

The first stage is usually referred to as the honeymoon stage. Upon arriving in a new environment, you’ll be interested in the new culture. Everything will seem exciting, and everyone will seem friendly and helpful.

The second stage is called the withdrawal stage. The excitement that you felt before changes to frustration(沮丧) as you find it difficult to deal with new problems. The language is hard to learn; friends are hard to make; simple things like shopping and going to the bank are challenges. It is at this stage that you are likely to feel anxious and homesick.

If you are one of those who manage to stick it out (坚持下来), you will enter the third stage---- the recovery stage. At this point, you’ll feel more confident in the new culture. You’ll start to understand and accept the way things are done and the way people behave in your new environment.

The last stage is the stability stage---- this is the point when people start to feel at home in the new culture. At this stage, you will behave well in the new culture, and prefer some aspects(方面) of the new culture to your own culture.

There is, in a sense, a fifth stage to this process. If you decide to return home after a long period in a new culture, you may experience what is called “reverse culture shock”. This means that you may find aspects of your own culture “foreign”, because you’re so used to the new culture. Reverse culture shock is usually pretty mild(温和的) and doesn’t last for very long.

1.At the honeymoon stage, people will__________.

A. find the new culture is hard to accept

B. miss their family and friends very much

C. begin to understand what culture shock is

D. have a good impression of the new culture

2.In which stage will people feel most uncomfortable?

A. The honeymoon stage. B. The withdrawal stage.

C. The recovery stage. D. The stability stage.

3.At the stability stage, people usually feel__________.

A. lucky B. relaxed

C. nervous D. disappointed

4.Which of the following opinions does the author agree with?

A. It’s important to know that culture shock is natural.

B. People will suffer less from culture shock in future.

C. Reverse culture shock usually happens in the foreign countries.

D. Reverse culture shock is as difficult to deal with as culture shock.

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