题目内容
11.Need for closure is a psychological term that describes a person's desire for a firmanswer to a question.Our need for closure is our natural preference for definite answers over confusion and uncertainty.Every person has their own baseline level of need for closure.It likely evolved via natural selection.
What I find really fascinating is how our need for closure is affected by the situation we're in.Our need for closure rises when we have to act rather than just observe,and it matters much more when we're rushed,or bored,or tired.Any stress can make our discomfort with uncertainty increase,and a high need for closure negatively influences some of our most important decisions:who we decide to trust,whether we admit we're wrong and even how creative we are.
In hiring,for instance,a high need for closure leads people to put far too much weight on their first impression.It's called the Urgency Effect.In one experiment,psychologists tried to lower people's need for closure by telling them,right before participants are about to make various judgments of a job candidate,that they'll be responsible in some way for them,or that their judgments have serious consequences.
In making any big decision,it's not enough just to know that we should take our time.
We all know that important decisions shouldn't be rushed.The problem is that we don't keep that advice in mind when it matters.So,one of the best solutions is to formalize the reminders.
Before making important decisions,write down not just advantages and disadvantages but what the consequences could be.Also,think about how much pressure you're under.If your need for closure is particularly high that day,it's even more important to think twice.
32.How does"need for closure"probably come into being?A
A.By nature.B.By accident.C.By acquiring.D.By imitating.
33.It can be inferred that a high need for closureC.
A.brings about more stress
B.causes discomfort and uncertainty
C.leads to not so good decisions
D.promotes one's creativity
34.In the experiment the psychologists reduced participants'need for closure by telling them toA.
A.be cautious about their judgments
B.value their first impression
C.be responsible for their boss
D.pay little attention to the consequences
35.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?D
A Another strategy to escape the pressures of modern life.
B.Some serious consequences of making decisions.
C.Other approaches to making important decisions.
D.More helpful solutions to high need for closure.
分析 本文是一篇科教类阅读,了结的需求是一个心理学术语,描述一个人渴望得到问题的确切答案,我们的了结的需要是我们的表现,想在在混乱和不确定中得到确切答案.本文以此展开谈论,主要讲述了了结的需求.
解答 32.答案:A.细节理解题.根据"Our need for closure is our natural preference for definite answers over confusion and uncertainty"可知,我们的了结的需求是我们的自然表现在混乱和不确定性想要获得明确答案时.故选A.
33.答案:C.细节理解题.根据"and a high need for closure negatively influences some of our most important decisions:who we decide to trust,whether we admit we're wrong and even how creative we are"可知,强烈的了结的需求会导致不好的决定.故选C.
34.答案:A.细节理解题.根据"In one experiment,psychologists tried to lower people's need for closure by telling them,right before participants are about to make various judgments of a job candidate,that they'll be responsible in some way for them,or that their judgments have serious consequences."可知,在实验中,心理学家减少参与者了结的需求,告诉他们要谨慎判断.故选A.
35.答案:D.推理判断题.根据文章最后一段,尤其是"If your need for closure is particularly high that day,it's even more important to think twice."可推测出,下文可能会讲"更有帮助解决了结的需求的方法.".故选D.
点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读,题目涉及多道细节理解题.推理判断题.做题时学生应仔细阅读原文,把握文章主要内容,联系文章上下文内容并结合所给选项含义,从中选出正确答案,一定要做到有理有据,切忌胡乱猜测.
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观点一 | 经济拮据的家庭不能满足孩子生活学习的需要 |
观点二 | 优越的家庭条件能给孩子带来许多便利 |
观点三 | 优越的家庭条件不利于孩子独立能力的培养 |
你的观点 | … |
2.词数120左右.
Recently we held a class meeting to discuss .
His friend's main(44)Bin life seemed to be tennis.He was an excellent tennis player,and he(45)Chad his own tennis court.There were a lot of people with swimming(46)C,yet there were only two people with private tennis court; his friend in Chicago was one of them.I told him that I knew several(47)Alike that,including my brother,who was doctor in California.He(48)Cthat maybe there were more private courts in the country,than he(49)Bbut he did not know of any others.Then he asked me(50)Dmy brother lived in California.When I said Sacramento,he said that was a coincidence(51)Ahis Chicago friend spent the summer in Sacramento last year and he lived next door to a(52)Awho had a tennis court in his backyard.I said I felt that really was a coincidence because my next-door neighbour had gone to Sacramento last summer and had(53)Athe house next to my brother's house.For a moment,we stared at each other,but we did not say anything.
"Would your friend's name happen to be Roland Kirkwood?"I asked finally.He(54)Band said,"Yes.Would your brother's name happen to be Dr Rey Hunter?"It was my(55)D to laugh."Yes,"I replied.
36.A.brother | B.teacher | C.neighbour | D.friend |
37.A.managed | B.happened | C.tried | D.wanted |
38.A.expecting | B.lying | C.joking | D.talking |
39.A.funny | B.serious | C.careful | D.disappointed |
40.A.think | B.find | C.realize | D.see |
41.A.indeed | B.actually | C.instead | D.exactly |
42.A.famous | B.interesting | C.noisy | D.big |
43.A.began | B.stopped | C.refused | D.failed |
44.A.problem | B.interest | C.choice | D.work |
45.A.just | B.ever | C.even | D.surely |
46.A.suit | B.habit | C.pools | D.river |
47.A.people | B.players | C.strangers | D.friends |
48.A.advised | B.argued | C.admitted | D.announced |
49.A.recognized | B.realized | C.visited | D.found |
50.A.how | B.whether | C.when | D.where |
51.A.because | B.if | C.then | D.though |
52.A.doctor | B.friend | C.neighbour | D.player |
53.A.hired | B.visited | C.designed | D.sold |
54.A.smiled | B.laughed | C.cried | D.nodded |
55.A.chance | B.pleasure | C.time | D.turn |
It turns out that Shakespeare was really onto something when he imagined Lady Macbeth trying to clean her conscience(良心)by rubbing invisible bloodstains from her hands.A few years ago,scientists asked people to describe a past wrong act.If people were then given a chance to clean their hands,they later expressed less guilt than people who hadnt't cleaned.
This finding fascinated W.S.Lee,a researcher."Anything from the past,any kind of negative emotional experiences,might be washed away,"says Lee.
He decided to test hand washing's effect on one kind of bad feeling:the tension we feel after being forced to choose between two attractive choices,because picking one choice makes us feel that we've lose the other.People usually try to calm this inner conflict by later exaggerating (夸大)the positive aspects of their choice.
He had students rank 10 different music CDs.Then he offered students one CD as a gift.Some students then use liquid soap.Others only looked at the soap or sniffed(嗅)it."Actually,you do not need water and soap,"says Lee.
Later,the students again had to rank all the music.People who didn't wash their hands had the normal response--they scored their take-home CD higher,suggesting that they now saw it as even more attractive than before.But this wasn't true for the hand washers.They ranked the music about the same."They feel no need at all to justify the choice."says Lee.
But the implication of it just aren't clear.Schwarz says it's too soon to know whether people should head for a sink after making a tough choice.He says washing may help decision-makers by cleaning away mental disorder,but perhaps if they don't go throught the usual post-decision process of justifying their choice,they might feel more sorrow in the long run.
46.The Macbeth effect refers to the fact thatA.
A.people feel less ashamed after washing their hands
B.soaping up one's hand may help wash away the inner confusion and make a decision
C.people feel less guilty by getting rid of invisible germs from their hands
D.Shakespeare did scientific research before writing Macbeth
47.According to Lee,after people make the choiceA.
A.they will overstate the goodness of their chosen choice
B.they will feel regretful for not choosing another
C.they will feel free due to the feeling of losing the other choice
D.they will think nothing of their chosen choice any more to calm their inner conflict
48.According to Lee,the hand washers consider the judgment of choiceB.
A.more scientific | B.unnecessary |
C.a little convincing | D.absolutely useless |
A.Whether people need to justify their choice.
B.Whether people feel more sorrow after washing hands.
C.Whether washing hands help over a long period of time.
D.Whether washing hands is helpful to make a choice.
50.What might be the most suitable title for the passage?D
A.Is Washing Hands Necessary to Defeat Tension?
B.Washing Hands Washes Our Mind
C.Washing Hands Helps Make a Better Choice
D.Washing Hands Reduces the Stress of Decision.