题目内容

18.Almost a decade after the hit Finding Nemo made clownfish seem totally warm and lovable,environmentalists are now looking for a real-life sequel:Saving Nemo.
    In the United States,a request has been made to extend the protections of the Endangered Species Act to marine species including the clownfish.
But before you start shedding tears for Nemo and his buddies,keep in mind that this request is not based on any evidence of a decline in the clownfish population.Instead,what has sparked concern is the worsening health of coral reefs,which more than one million aquatic species including the clownfish depend on to thrive,even survive.
    In ways it makes more sense to move to protect a species when its habitat declines rather than its actual population.The most important mission of the Endangered Species Act is the protection of species'habitats; without their habitats,there's almost no hope of saving endangered animals,except perhaps in a zoo.
   Earlier this year,alarming news came about the world's largest coral reef system,Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR,大堡礁).A study has shown the Reef is in sharp decline,with half of its coral cover gone in the past 27 years.
    Katharina Fabricius,an Australian coral reef ecologist co-authoring the study,has been diving and working on the GBR since 1988-and has watched the decline."There are still a lot of fish…but not the same color and diversity as in the past,"she said.
   The study team used information from more than 2,000 surveys to determine the rate of decline between 1985 and 2012.That overall 50-percent decline,they estimate,is a yearly loss of about 3.4 percent of the Reef.If the trend continued,the coral cover could halve again by 2022.
   Several main factors are responsible for the decline,the study found.Intense tropical cyclones (热带气旋),believed to be fueled by global warming,have caused massive damage to reefs in the central and southern parts of the Reef.Meanwhile,population explosions of the coral-consuming crown-of-thorns starfish (长棘海星) have affected coral populations along the length of the Reef.Two severe coral bleaching (变白) events,caused by ocean warming,have also had major damaging impacts in northern and central parts of the GBR.
72.A request has been made in the United States to save the clownfish becauseB
A.it is a totally warm and lovable species        
B.the health of its habitat is worsening
C.its population has dropped sharply          
D.few clownfish can be found in zoos
72.What does the underlined word"thrive"in Paragraph 3 probably mean?C
A.To feed oneself
B.To keep oneself safe.
C.To grow and develop well
D.To attract attention.
74.According to the article,what is the AUTHOR'S attitude toward the request in the U.S.?A
A.He/she supports it.
B.He/she finds it ridiculous.
C.He/she thinks it is reasonable but needs revising.
D.There's no WAY to tell.
75.According to the article,all of the following factors contribute to the decline of Great Barrier Reef's coral cover exceptA
A.the growing popularity of scuba (水肺)diving around the Reef
B.stronger tropical cyclones fueled by global warming
C.the rapidly growing population of type of coral-eating starfish
D.coral bleaching caused by rising temperature of the ocean water.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了许多海洋生物赖以生存的珊瑚礁环境剧烈恶化,导致了许多海洋生物濒临灭绝,它减少的原因有全球变暖,长棘海星数量的增多,海水漂白,美国已发起保护小丑鱼的行动,间接保护珊瑚礁.

解答 72.B.细节理解题.根据文章第三段"keep in mind that this request is not based on any evidence of a decline in the clownfish population.Instead,what has sparked concern is the worsening health of coral reefs,which more than one million aquatic species including the clownfish depend on to thrive,even survive",可知拯救小丑鱼是因为它的健康生存环境恶化;故选B.
73.C.推理判断题.根据文章第三段"which more than one million aquatic species including the clownfish depend on to thrive,even survive"可知珊瑚礁是很多生物赖以生存的,可推测意思为发展良好,茁壮成长;故选C.
74.A.推理判断题.通读全文,可知文章在讲珊瑚礁的几句减少,可知作者是赞同对珊瑚礁的保护的,因此作者对美国保护小丑鱼的要求是支持的;故选A.
75.A.细节理解题.根据文章最后一段可知造成珊瑚礁急剧减少的原因有全球变暖,长棘海星数量的增多,海水漂白;故选A.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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18.Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness,happiness,goodness,and self-respect?The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as"honor"help you create this life of good feelings.
Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.
Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item.If we keep silent,and profit from the clerk's mistake,we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement.Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune.On the other hand,if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item,the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty.We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.
Then,what is it to do with our sense of happiness?
In the first case,where we don't tell the clerk,a couple of things would happen.Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief.In the process,we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect.We would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted,since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends.We damage our own reputations by telling others.In contrast,bringing the error to the clerk's attention causes different things to happen.Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable.Upon leaving the store,we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased.Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.
There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions.Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions.Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence.And it's easy to think and act honorably again when we're happy.While the positive cycle can be difficult to start,once it's started,it's easy to continue.Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind,which is important for our happiness.

51.According to the passage,the positive action in the example contributes to ourA.
A.self-respect 
B.financial rewards 
C.advertising ability 
D.friendly relationship
52.The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal toB.
A.lying           B.stealing        
C.cheating        D.advertising
53.The phrase"bringing the error to the clerk's attention"(in para.5)meansA.
A.telling the truth to the clerk          
B.offering advice to the clerk
C.asking the clerk to be more attentive   
D.reminding the clerk of the charged item
54.How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?C
A.We'll be very excited.
B.We'll feel unfortunate.
C.We'll have a sense of honor.
D.We'll feel sorry for the clerk.
55.Which of the following can be the best title of this passage.D
A.How to Live Truthfully          
B.Importance of Peacefulness
C.Ways of Gaining Self-respect     
D.Happiness through Honorable Actions.
9.BANGKOK-The tiny island nation of Tuvalu has promised to do its part for climate change by fueling its economy entirely from renewable sources by 2020.
The South Pacific nation of 12,000people is part of a movement of countries and cities committed to going climate neutral.Since February 2008,10nations have promised to reduce their emission(释放)of greenhouse gases as part of a goal of reaching zero emissions in the next decade.
None of these commitments alone is expected to make a significant difference in the fight to cut heat-trapping gases.But the moves can inspire bigger emitters(排放者)like the United States to take further steps to limit their carbon footprints.
Climate scientists have urged rich countries to reduce emissions from 2005levels by between 25percent and 40percent by 2020to avoid the worst effect of warming.For its parts,Tuvalu hopes to replace the fossil fuels that are imported by ship with solar energy and wind power soon.
Tuvalu already emits almost no greenhouse gases.But because of climate change,many South Pacific islands see worsening flooding.The country is just 10square miles in size,with most of its land less than a meter above sea level.
So far,Tuvalu has equipped a 40-kilowatt solar energy system with the help of Japan's Kansai Electric Power Co.and Tokyo Electric Power Company.The Tuvalu government is working to expand the $410,000project from 40to 60kilowatts,and will extend solar power to outer islands.
"We thank those countries who are helping Tuvalu reduce its carbon footprint,"Public Utilities and Industries Minister Kausea Natano said."And we look forward to the day when our nation offers an example to all-powered entirely by natural resources such as the sun and the wind."

53.What is the main energy source in Tuvalu at present?B
A.Solar energy
B.Imported fossil fuels
C.Wind powder
D.Local fossil fuels
54.For Tuvalu,the biggest trouble now is thatA.
A.it is under threat from rising sea level
B.it lacks enough natural resources
C.Climate change affects its economy
D.it lacks clean power equipment
55.What can we learn from the passage?C
A.It is impossible for Tuvalu to realize its goal.
B.The world will see zero emissions in ten years.
C.Tuvalu imports technology to reduce emissions.
D.Big countries haven't started to reduce emissions.
56.The best title for the passage might be"D".
A.Climate change threatens small island nations
B.island nations urge big countries to reduce emission
C.Countries unite to reduce greenhouse gases
D.An island nation will only use green power.
6.James Arruda Henry,a 98-year-old retired lobsterman,has written and published his first book,"In a Fisherman's Language",after learning to read at the incredible age of 91.
Mr.Henry spent most of his life without even his closest family members knowing he was illiterate (文盲).Forced to quit school in the third grade to take some jobs,he kept the secret close to his chest-only telling to his late wife.
A family problem in his 90s sparked his encourage to restart his education."He signed a document he could not read,"Mr.Henry's granddaughter said.And then,after hearing about George Dawson,a son of slaves who learned to read at the age of 98 and went on to write a book of his own,entitled"Life Is So Good"at the age of 101,Mr.Henry took up reading.
"If he can do it.I'm going to try,"Mr.Henry said.Starting with his name.he eventually moved on to ABC's and children's books.He put them down for four years after the tragic loss of his wife.But eventually he went back to reading and with the help of his tutor began to record his life.
He wrote about his family's voyage from Portugal to the U.S.his many journeys at sea and how he was unable to save another fisherman who had fallen overboard.He became a carpenter and even a professional boxer-and eventually built his own home in Stonington Borough.
His life stories have become so popular,in fact,nearly 800 copies were sold in the first two weeks of the book's release last month.One thousand more have since been printed as requests for the book flood in from as far as Germany.And now even Hollywood producers have approached Mr.Henry about optioning the rights to his life story for a big screen adaptation.
56.Which of the following is true of Mr.Henry?A
    A.He couldn't read when he was retired.
    B.He was not a good student at school.
    C.Only his family members knew he was illiterate.
    D.He published his book at the age of 91.
57.Mr.Henry made up his mind to study because heD.
    A.had some trouble with his granddaughter
    B.couldn't sign the document he was given
    C.wanted to share his own experience with others
    D.was inspired by George Dawson's story
58.How did Mr.Henry carry on his studies?C
    A.He began with the children's books.
    B.He was helped out by his granddaughter.
    C.He started from the very beginning.
    D.He didn't stop even when his wife died.
59.In his book,Mr.Henry didn't mentionB.
    A.his family story                     B.his school education
    C.his journeys at sea                  D.his work experiences
60.What's the main idea of the last paragraph?C   
    A.Nearly 800 copies of the book were sold.
    B.The book was sold well in Germany.
    C.His book was popular both at home and abroad.
    D.Hollywood has planned to adapt his book for a movie.
3."The first and best of victories for a man is to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is,of all things,the most shameful,"says Plato.Self-control is at the root of all the advantages.Let a man give in to his impulses (冲动) and feelings,and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom.
A single angry word has lost many friends.When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger,he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself.If you are conscious of being angry,keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger.Many a person has dropped dead in great anger.Fits of anger bring fits of disease."Whoever the gods would destroy,they first make them mad.""Keep cool,"says Webster,"anger is not argument.""Be calm in arguing,"says George Herbert,"for fierceness (狂怒) makes error a fault."
To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself."Anger,"says Pythagoras,"begins with foolishness and ends with regret."You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers,not by the power of those which conquer him.
Self-control is man's last and greatest victory.
If a man lacks self-control he seems t o lack everything.Without it he can have no patience,no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence,for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling.If he lacks self-control,the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking too.
28.What's the main idea of the passage?A
A.Self-control is important for a man.
B.We should learn to be strong.
C.A man who keeps cool won't lose any game.
D.The great heroes in history knew how to control themselves.
29.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?D
A.If you are mad,the gods will fail you.
B.If you lose your temper first,gods will fail you first.
C.If you can't control yourself,you will be crazy.
D.If the gods want to fail you,they will make you mad first.
30.Which of the following is NOT true,according to passage?C
A.The first and best of victories for a man is to conquer himself.
B.You will make a small mistake serious if you don't keep cool.
C.You must measure a man's strength by the power of the feelings which conquer him.
D.Anger begins with foolishness and ends with regret.
31.Which of the following can't help you avoid anger,according to the passage?D
A.Being calm in arguing.
B.Checking your temper or anger by speaking low.
C.Keeping your mouth shut.
D.Trying to make the other angry first.
4.Smoking is the single worst thing you can do for your health.Fortunately,it's never too late to get the benefits of quitting.If you've tried to quit before and failed,it's time to make up your mind and try again.
Smoking is responsible for one of every five deaths.That includes 29% of all cancer deaths,87% of all lung cancer deaths,and nearly 20% of all deaths from cardiovascular disease.But long before smoking kills you,it ages you.You can see for yourself that smoking accelerates the drying and wrinkling of the skin.But there are less obvious effects as well.Indeed,smoking takes years away from your life.Nearly half of all chronic smokers die an average of 20 to 25 years before their time.
Besides an early death from cancer or heart disease,smoking can cause lung disorders.People who smoke over a pack a day have almost three times the risk of contracting pneumonia(肺炎) than that of nonsmokers.By lowering levels of estrogen(雌激素)in men and women,smoking speeds bone less.If a woman smokes a pack of cigarettes every day,she will enter menopause(更年期)with 5 to 10% less bone mass than a nonsmoker.
The good news is that no matter what your age is or how long you've smoked,you'll live longer if you quit today.The Coronary Artery Surgery Study examined nearly 2,000 long-term smokers over age 54.Those who quit had significantly lower death rates six years later than those who didn't.Even the oldest ex-smokers had a higher survival rate.
Not only will live longer if you quit,you'll feel better,breathe easier,and find that you have more energy.You'll have fewer respiratory infections,headaches,and stomachaches.What's more,you'll save money.Your clothes and breath won't smell unpleasant any longer.And your habit won't annoy-or threaten the health of-the people who live and work with you.

54.What is the passage mainly about?C
A.The ways of quitting smoking.
B.The harm of smoking to people.
C.The benefits of quitting smoking.
D.The relationships between smoking and diseases.
55.According to the passage,the percentage of deaths due to smoking isA
A.20%   B.25%   C.29%   D.87%
56.All of the following methods are used in the passage EXCEPTB
A.giving exmples   B.mentioning famous sayings
C.comparing       D.listing numbers
57.What do we know from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study?D
A.It examined about 2,000 smokers who all quit smoking finally.
B.Quitting smoking is easier said than done
C.Long-term smokers should quit smoking gradually
D.Quitting smoking always has a good effect on people's health.

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