题目内容

Whether common or ____, all English family names are full of history.
[     ]
A. unique
B. scarce
C. mysterious
D. strange
A
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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多途选项。

Swimming cycling, jogging, skiing, dancing, walking or any of dozens of other activities can help your heart.       . Whether it is a structured exercise program or just part of your daily routine, all exercise adds up to having a healthier heart. Here are some tips for exercise success.

Choose activities that are fun and add variety. Develop several activities that you can

enjoy.  

Wear comfortable, properly fitted shoes and comfortable, loose—fitting clothing appropriate for the weather and the activity.

Find a convenient time and place to do activities.     . If you miss an exercise opportunity, work activity into your day another way.

Use music to keep yourself entertained.

    Decide what kind of support you need. Do you want them to remind you to exercise? Exercise with you regularly or occasionally? Be understanding when you get up early to exercise?　Spend time with the children while you exercise? Try not to ask you to change your exercise routine? Share your activity time with others. Ask your family members, friends or co—workers for help.

Don’t overdo it, especially at first. You can slowly increase the time and intensity (强度) of your activities as you become more fit.    

Keep a record of your activities. Reward yourself at times. Nothing will inspire you more than success!

Try to make it a habit, but be flexible.

They all cause you to feel warm and breathe heavily without being out of breath.

Be an active role model for your children.

That way, exercise will never seem boring.

If you are overweight or have a high risk of heart disease, see your doctor for medical advice before exercising.

Surround yourself with supportive people.

Gradually, work up to exercising on most days of the week for 30—60 minutes.


Everyone’s at it, even my neighbors. I thought I might be the only person left in the world who hadn’t done an eBay deal. So, I decided to try my hand at online auction（网上拍卖）.
Buying for Beginners
Sign up on www. eBay. co. uk. Most items (e.g. tables, computers and books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a short description; others may be marked with “Buy It Now” and have a fixed price. You can buy these right away.
If the item is being auctioned, you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay bids (出价) for you. The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond your highest bid, then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to 10 days and when they finish, you get an email telling you whether you have won the item.

How to Pay
Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this before placing a bid as you might not want to post a check or postal orders. The easiest way is through PayPal, an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card.
Selling Made Simple
If you plan to sell on eBay, it helps to include a picture of the item. I followed my friends’ advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day auction, starting on a Thursday. This way buyers had two weekends to bid.
The big Things in Life
It’s easy to post a small item, but furniture is a big part of eBay and this has to be collectively sent by deliverymen. Check the ways of delivery before you bid.
【小题1】What is the passage mainly about?

A．How to make payment online.B．Ways of making delivery online.
C．Advantages of an online auction system. D．How to use an online-auction system.
【小题2】After bidding for an item, a buyer ________.
A．has chances to make higher bidsB．will get what he wants in ten days
C．should make payment immediatelyD．may check its picture and description
【小题3】The easiest way of making payment mentioned in the passage is ________.
A．through a local banking systemB．by sending the money to the seller
C．by paying the deliveryman directlyD．through an online payment system

The Mysterious Universe

By Ellen Jackson and Nic Bishop

How did the universe begin? How big is it? What is dark matter? Cosmologist（宇宙哲学家）and expert supernova（超新星）hunter Alex Filippenko hopes that supernovas can help us answer some of these questions. But first we’ve got to find them! Join Alex and his team as they go on the hunt with huge telescopes and banks of computers.

The Time and Space of Uncle Albert

By Russell Stannard

What would you say if your uncle asked you whether you would like to go into space? You’d say, “When do I leave?”, just like the girl in this story. Gedanken is speeding across the universe trying to help her uncle answer some questions, such as “How big is space?” and “Where does gravity come from?” Along the way she also discovers how to get heavier without getting fat, how to live forever without knowing it, and the strange things that can happen when you go really fast.

George’s Secret Key to the Universe

By Lucy Hawking and Stephen Hawking

When George chases his pet pig through a hole in the fence, little does he expect that he will soon be riding a comet（彗星）around Saturn（土星）. But just as he discovers the joys of space exploration with the computer Cosmos, which can open doors anywhere in the universe, everything starts to go wrong. When George’s lest-favorite teacher steals Cosmos and traps his friend’s dad in a black hole, can George set things right in time?

A Child’s Introduction to the Night Sky

By Michael Driscoll

With a telescope or without one, this book can get you started exploring planets, stars and even strange stuff like time, space, and black holes. The universe is a big place, but this book comes with a handy star finder that you can take out with you at night to help you find your way around the stars. Look up and discover the universe!

1.According to the text, Alex Filippenko ______.

A. invented huge telescopes

B. is looking for supernovas

C. doesn’t need many computers

D. knows a lot about dark matter

2.What do we know about George’s Secret Key to the Universe？

A. It is a sad story

B. It is about a pet pig

C. It is a co-authored book

D. It is based on a real life story.

3.Which book would you read if you want to know about gravity?

A. The Mysterious Universe

B. The Time and Space of Uncle Albert

C. George’s Secret Key to the Universe

D. A Child’s Introduction to the Night Sky.

4.What do the four books have in common?

A. They have the same topics?

B. They are intended for adults.

C. They have the same number of characters

D. They leave many questions to the readers

 

Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.

In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.

The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world.

B．In the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other.

C．Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated.

D．Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive.

2.The underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that ________.

A．monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows

B．monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other

C．no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings

D．feeling angry at unfairness is also monkey’s nature

3.Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are _________.

A．more likely to pay attention to the value of what they get

B．attentive to researchers’ instructions

C．nice in both appearance and behaviors

D．more ready to help others than their male companions

4.We can learn ________according to the passage?

A．Human beings' feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys.

B．Cooperation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated.

C．In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others.

D．Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness dating back to 35 million years ago.

5.What can we infer about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?

A．The monkeys can be trained to develop social senses.

B．The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment.

C．They usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

D．Cooperation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild.

 

Trying to make a big decision while you’re also preparing for a scary presentation? You might want to hold off on that. Feeling stressed changes how people weigh risk and reward. However, an article published in Current Directions in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, suggests stressed people pay more attention to the positive sides of a possible outcome.

It’s a bit surprising that stress makes people focus on the way things could go right, says Mara Mather of the University of Southern California. She co-wrote the review paper with Nichole R.Lighthall. “This is sort of not what people would think, ” Mather says. “Stress is usually associated with negative experiences, so you’d think, maybe I’m going to be more focused on the negative outcomes.”

But researchers have found that when people are under stress, they start paying more attention to positive information and discounting negative information. “Stress seems to help people learn from positive feedback and impairs（削弱）their learning from negative feedback, ” Mather says.

When people under stress are making a difficult decision, they may pay more attention to the good sides of the alternatives they’re considering and less to the problems. So someone who’s deciding whether to take a new job and is feeling stressed by the decision might focus on the increase in salary more than the longer commute（上下班往返）.

The increased focus on the positives also helps explain why stress plays a role in addictions. People under stress have a harder time controlling their urges. “The compulsion to get that reward comes stronger and they’re less able to resist it,” Mather says. A person who’s under stress might think only about the good feelings they’ll get from a drug, while the downsides shrink into the distance.

Stress also increases the differences in how men and women think about risk. When men are under stress, they become even more willing to take risks; when women are stressed, they get more conservative(保守的). Previous research backs this up — men usually react to difficulties while trying to fight them or escape them; women try to find friends and improve their relationships.

1.By saying “You might want to hold off on that” in the first paragraph, the writer suggests that      .

A．you might want to delay making your big decision

B．you should save the presentation for later

C．you should avoid taking risks

D．you might benefit from the stress

2.From the article, we can conclude that stress       .

A．often leads people to take more risks

B．often leads people to make balanced decisions

C．makes people think more of negative results

D．makes people ignore the negative side of problems

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?

A．Stress is helpful in getting rid of addictions.

B．People who are addicted to drugs are easily stressed.

C．When women are stressed, they do not tend to take risks.

D．When men are stressed, they are more likely to develop an addiction.

4.What is the central theme of the article?

A．Stress can affect decision-making.

B．Stress increases our desire to get rewards.

C．We should think more about the upside of problems.

D．There is a link between stress and negative experiences.

 

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