题目内容

Games originally are entertainment. Contemporary games are very realistic and for this reason they are a source of great experience for the player and develop the imagination. Games are entertainment and even more than that. The statistics （统计） of the New York University led by Green claim that the player preferring active games get improvement of some types of brain activity. In particular, game players deal with problems of simultaneously （同时地） tracking several moving objects at the average level of 30% better than people who do not play active computer video games. The “gaming” violent experience may not be the cause of violent behavior in reality. None of the playing experience will become the priority in making important decisions concerning problems in real life. A game is an abstraction （虚拟物）. A player gets abstract tasks and acts according to abstract rules.
Games are also the possibility to be however a person wants to he and to rest from the outside world for some time. But what if a person gets so much excited with the game scenes that he becomes violent in reality? Then, it proves that the games cause people to become violent in reality. But a psychologically healthy person will never confuse these two different worlds. A game is virtual world with visual images very similar to human. These images represent by themselves nothing but playing obstacles （障碍）. A game may potentially give the opportunity to “destroy the obstacles” that may not be destroyed according to the rules but it is more about personal choice whether to do it or not. This leads us to the conclusion that violence is not a consequence but the cause. People who are originally trended to violence may get into a temper by games and perform violence in the “real world”. But in this case violence in games is a simple justification （理由） of the violent nature of the player.
49．The passage is          .
A．a story                                            B．a descriptive writing
C．an argumentative writing          D．a scientific essay
50．In the first paragraph the author used the statistics to prove that         .
A．games can provide experience for the players
B．games can help develop player’s imagination
C．games can cause violent behavior
D．game are more than entertainment
51．What is the author’s attitude towards the “computer games”?[
A．“Violent games” can lead to the performance of violence in the real world.
B．Violence is not a consequence of the “computer games” but the cause.
C．Games are just entertainment and nothing more.
D．The virtual world and the real world are just the same.
52．The best title for this passage is         .
A．Violent games cause violence   B．Games: good or bad?
C．The cause of violence         D．The consequence of games
 49. C   50. D   51. B   52. B 
略
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Why is setting goals important? Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in life. __71 just letting life happen to you, goals allow you
to make your life happen.
Successful people __72 how their life should be and set lots of  goals. By setting goals you are __73 your life. It's like having a__74 to show you where you want to go. Think of it this way. There are __75 drivers. One has a destination (目的地) in mind (her goal) which can be found on a map. She can drive straight there without any __76 time or wrong turns. The other driver has no goal or destination or map. She starts off at the same time from the same place as the first driver, __77  she drives aimlessly around, never getting anywhere, just __78 gas. Which driver do you want to be?
Winners in life set goals and follow through on them. They decide what they want in life and then get there by making __79  and setting goals. __80 people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren't difficult to set—and they aren't difficult to reach. It's up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are the one who must __81 what to achieve and in what direction to aim your life.
Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more __82 to achieve it. Written goals can be __83regularly, and have more power. Like a contract(合同) with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget. Also __84  you write your goals in a particular way you are able to make yourself continuously __85  situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.
71. A. Because of      B. Instead of      C. In spite of       D. In addition to
72. A. imagine        B. discuss         C. experience        D. show
73. A. going on with                      B. taking control of
C. getting along with                 D. taking advantage of 
74. A. guide           B. friend          C. map               D. sign
75. A. two             B. such            C. some              D. goal
76. A. free            B. dull            C. fixed             D. wasted
77. A. or              B. for            C. but                D. so
78. A. thinking of     B. using up       C. turning off        D. paying for
79. A. plans           B. money          C. friends            D. maps
80. A. Lucky           B. Young          C. Ordinary           D. Unsuccessful
81. A. practise        B. change         C. admit              D. decide
82. A. willing         B. anxious        C. likely             D. clever
83. A. improved        B. achieved       C. set                D. reached
84. A. although        B. until          C. when               D. unless
85. A. aware of       B. worried about    C. familiar with       D. accustomed to
Plastic is one of the most important technological discoveries of the 20th century. However, it may soon be replaced. The new development- liquid wood- can replace plastics in all branches of modern-day industries.
Plastic as a material enjoys the biggest demand in the modern world, but it does have a number of drawbacks. First and foremost, plastic isn’t recyclable. Secondly, it contains toxins (毒物) helping develop cancerous diseases. Finally, it’s made of oil and oil reserves aren’t endless.
The liquid wood technology is likely to replace plastic and providing mankind with new materials for many years ahead. Norbert Eisenfreich, a senior researcher at the Faunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology in Germany (ICT), said that arboform, the new material, is made of lignin(木素质）, which can be obtained from soft tissues of wood. Once mixed with several other matenals, it turns into solid and non-toxic alternative for plastics.
ICT team leader Emilia Regina Inone-Kauffmann said the wood-working industry separates wood into three basic components, including lignin. Lignin isn’t used for the production of paper. Specialists of ICT mixed lignin with several natural materials and thus invented the material which could be melted and molded (铸型）.
When solid, arboform looks like plastic and possesses tho qualitie of polished wood. It can be used for the production of any items. Arboform is already used for the production of car parts which require extra strength. In addition, liquid wood can be recycled repeatedly. The material preserved all of its qualities even if it’s reprocessed ten times.
However, the new invention doesn’t enjoy an extensive use due to the high content of sulfur(硫) in it. German researchers are sure to reduce the amount of sulfur by 90% very soon to make arboform usable for home needs.
小题1:According to the passage, plastic        .
A．helps us to reduce the use of petrol
B．helps to protect our environment in some way
C．does harm to our society in some way
D．has been replaced by the newly discovered material
小题2:What’s the advantage of arboform over plastic?
A．It is easier made from natural oil.
B．It is more widely used in household
C．It is recyclable and friendly to environment.
D．It contains no poisonous materials.
小题3:The underlined word “altemative” in Paragraph 3 means        .
A．lignin or arboformB．soft tissues of wood
C．plastics or woodD．mixture of several materials
小题4:It can be concluded that German researchers will focus their future work firstly on     .
A．the material’s extensive useB．the content of sulfur in arboform
C．the production cost of arboformD．the qualities of liquid wood
小题5:The main purpose of the text is to     .
A．introduce liquid wood which will replace plastic
B．show readers how to produce arboform
C．advertise the new material-arboform
D．advertise new products made of arboform
    As bananas ripen， the green skin turns ye11ow gradually. Chemical changes occur in the f1esh of the fruit as well：starch（淀粉）changes to sugar；pectin（果胶）breaks down，losing its stiffness； and the f1esh softens.
Is ripening fruit a self－contained system， or is the rate of these changes affected by the environment？ We designed the experiment below to see if different atmospheres， produced by different packaging， affected the rate of ripening. You will vary the atmosphere surrounding unripe bananas and observe the effect on the ripening process。
Now set up the bananas in their environments as follows：
1. Put two green bananas in a paper bag and fo1d the top over to seal out the air.
2．Put one green banana and the very ripe banana in the other paper bag and fold over the top.
3. Put two green bananas in a plastic bag and seal it.
4. Wrap（包）one green banana tightly in a plastic bag.
5. Leave one green banana exposed to the air.
Leave the fruit a1one or five days to ripen. Ripening fruit“breathes”． This means that it takes up oxygen and gives off C02. Oxygen is extremely important and necessary for the chemical reactions involved in ripening. In addition, ripening fruit gives off another gas, called ethylene（乙烯）. Not only is ethylene a product of ripening fruit, it also promotes the further ripening of the fruit.
Paper bags tend to keep the ethylene in, but they allow oxygen and ethylene to pass through slowly. Plastic bags do not allow the free flow of oxygen or ethylene. In this experiment, the green banana in paper bag with the ripe banana should ripen most quickly. The green bananas in the paper bag should ripen faster than the bananas in the plastic bag. The banana left exposed to air has an unlimited supply of oxygen, so it will turn brown most quickly. You will notice that the side of this banana that rests on the counter will ripen more quickly than the other sides, because it has the
closest contact（接触）with its own ethylene. The banana that is tightly wrapped in plastic has no oxygen supply and should ripen most slowly. Now can you see why bananas are sealed in plastic in many supermarkets？
72. What makes the green banana in Bag 2 ripen more quickly than the ones in Bag 1？
A. Ethylene from the very ripe banana.            B. The free flow of oxygen or ethylene
C. C02 from the very ripe banana.                     D. The limitation of oxygen supply.
73. How can we slow down the ripening of bananas exposed to the air？
A. To rest them on the counter.                                   B. To keep them in the basket.
C. To put them on the ground.                                     D. To hang them up from the ceiling
74. It can be concluded from the passage that          .
A. the ripening banana is a self-contained system
B. the rate of ripening bananas is affected by the environment
C. wrapped bananas experience no chemical changes to ripen
D. ripening bananas give off oxygen, C0, and ethylene
75. Why are bananas sealed in plastic in many supermarkets？
A. To make them ripen more quickly.                B. To make them ripen more slowly.
C. To make banana flesh soften.                        D. To turn green bananas yellow.

七．阅读理解 (20分)   
When did you see a polar bear ? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps ? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These  “Polar Bears” are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3 degrees. And the water temperature was a little higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.
Doctors don’t agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body’s temperature drops so slow that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and the water tempreature is much greater in summer than in winter.
The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system (循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and could not try cold-water swimming.
The main benefits of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim all the year round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, “When I go into the water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away.”
1. Doctors _________ .
A. have different ideas about the medical effects of cold-water swimming
B. believe swimming is helpful both in summer and in winter
C. enourage people to take part in cold-water swimming
D. point out the possible danger of blood illness during cold-water swimming
2. According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that _______ .
A. Polar bears are bears swimming in freezing water    
B. cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high            
C. you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue           
D. cold-water swimming causes more heart attack in summer than in winter
3. The Polar Bears like to swim year-round, for _______ .
A. it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter                        
B. they can stay young
C. they find it enjoyable and interesting
D. they might meet fewer troubles in life
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text ?
A.The Polar Bear is a club in which people swim to protect polar bears.
B. The club members are all over 60 years old.
C. There is no woman in the club.
D. None of the above.
5. This passage is mainly about _______ .
A. the requirements of the Polar Bear Club                
B. a group of cold-water-swimming lovers
C. the Polar Bears’ life in New York                 
D. doctors’ ideas about cold-water swimming
 Our sense of hearing is one of the most important means of knowing what is going on around us. We are warned of danger by sounds. The sounds of music please us. Sound has a waste product, too, in the form of noise. Noise has been called unwanted sound. Noise is growing and it may get much worse before it gets any better.
Scientists, for several years, have been studying how noise affects people and animals and are alarmed by what they have learned.
Peace and quiet are becoming harder to find. Noise pollution is no joke. It is a threat that should be looked at carefully.
Sound is measured in units called decibels （分贝）. At a level of 140 decibels people feel pain in their ears.
Trucks, buses, motorcycles, airplanes, boats, and factories all make noise. This noise bothers not only our ears, but our minds and bodies as well.
There is a saying about "it is so noisy that you can't hear yourself think". Doctors who study noise believe that we must be able to hear ourselves think most of the time. If we don't, we may have headaches, other aches and pains, or even mental problems. Noise adds even more tension to a society which already faces too much stress.
49．The sense of hearing _______.
A．makes people feel angry   
B．makes people want to dance
C．helps people to know what is happening around them
D．is something harmful to people
50．When sound is turned into noise, _______.
A．people become ill                  B．it makes people forget the past
C．people don't know how to deal with it  D．it becomes a kind of pollution
51．Why does the passage say " Peace and quiet are becoming harder to find " ?
A．Sounds of over 140 decibels are common these days.
B．There are always wars going on in the world.
C．The world is making more and more noise.
D．All kinds of machines make noises.
52．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Scientists are warning people noise can be harmful.
B．It's possible for man to get rid of all noises.
C．Sounds under 140 decibels are not considered to be noise.
D．Society has become more lively because there is noise now. 
Perhaps no single monument in the U.S.A. is as famous as the Statue of Liberty. Standing on small island in New York Harbor, the crowned lady, holding high in her right hand the torch of freedom and in her left hand a table with words "July 4th , 1776", is a symbol of American democracy. She is colossal. She is 151 feet high and the pedestal(垫座) on which she stands is almost as much. The Statue of Liberty was a gift to the USA from France in 1886, as a mark of friendship and also in memory of the aid France gave the Americans during the American Revolution.
For millions of immigrants, the Statue was their first sight of the promised land, and for a few also the last, as they sailed back home again. About a mile from Liberty Island, there is another small island, called Ellis Island, which was looked upon with dread by the immigrants. For it was here that they had to wait their turn to be examined by doctors and officials. Most of the immigrants could not speak a word of English. But only two out of 100 immigrants were refused admission to New York City. Often the person refused turned out to be a grandmother or a weary, frightened girl mistakenly labeled "weak-minded". Sometimes husbands and wives were parted because one of them happened to have a bad cough and was suspected of having tuberculosis(肺结核).
New York City was a bitter disillusionment(幻灭) to some immigrants. Far from being a city paved with gold, it was a city teeming with overcrowded, unhealthy and unsafe ghettos(少数民族居住区).  The immigrants looked for earlier immigrants of their own nationality or religion. So Italian, Polish, Irish, Jewish neighborhoods grew up. Because they could not speak English, the newcomers found it difficult to get work at once, and their living quarters were often slum.
However, they found in the U.S.A. opportunities of bettering themselves. Today immigrants no longer have to endure the rude treatment of Ellis Island. The unpleasant buildings were closed down in 1924. In 1976, Ellis Island became a historic monument.
59. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. Gateway to the U.S.A.                 B. The Statue of Liberty.
C. Ellis Island.                          D. Immigrants of the U.S.A.
60. The word "colossal" in the first paragraph means ________.
A. miniature       B. colorful         C. enormous     D. beautiful
61. Immigrants looked upon Ellis Island with dread because ________.
A. they could not speak a word
B. they might be refused admission to the U.S.A.
C. husbands and wives might be recognized
D. they were suspected
62. Paragraph 3 implies that_________.
A. New York City was paved with gold
B. immigrants of the same nationality and religion lived in the same building
C. immigrants lived everywhere
D. some immigrants were disappointed at New York City
Critics of cloning often repeat the question related to the controversial(有争议的) science “Just because we can, does it mean we should?”  The closer we come to being able to clone a human, the hotter the debate over it grows. For all the good things cloning may achieve, opponents say that it will do just as much harm. Another question is how to governing cloning process.
There is federal official law banning cloning in the United States, but several states have passed their own laws to ban the practice. The US Food and Drugs Administration(FDA), has also said that anyone in the United States attempting human cloning must first get its permission. In Japan, human cloning is a crime that is punished by up to 10 years in prison.
While laws are to ban cloning at this time, some scientists believe that the technology is not ready to be tested on humans. Ian Wilmut, one of the co-creators of Dolly, has even said that human cloning projects would be an irresponsible crime. Cloning technology is still in its early stages, and nearly 98% percent of cloning efforts end in failure. The embryos are either not suitable for implanting into the uterus(子宫) or they die shortly after birth.
The clones that do survive end up suffering from deadly or problematic genetic abnormalities(畸形). Some clones have been born with faulty heart, lung problems and blood vessel problems. One of the most famous cases was a cloned sheep that was born with but malformed arteries(畸形动脉) leading to the lungs.
Opponents of cloning will point out that we can enthanize(安乐死) these faulty clones of other animals, but they ask what if a human clone is born with these same problems. Advocates of cloning respond that it is now easier to pick out faulty embryos even before they are implanted into the mother. The debate over human cloning is just beginning, but as science advances, it could be the biggest moral dilemma of the 21st century.
68. Which word in the text is the opposite of the underlined word “opponents”?
A. critics        B. advocates          C. scientists           D. co-creators
69. The writer writes this passage mainly to ________________.
A. support passing laws to ban human cloning
B. list problems with human cloning
C. introduce critics’ ideas about human cloning
D. state the debate over human cloning
70. Which of the following will Ian Wilmut probably NOT agree with?
A. Cloning technology is in its early stages.
B. Human cloning should be made illegal.
C. Very few cloning efforts are successful.
D. Cloning technology is ready to be tested on humans
To understand the marketing concept it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the mass production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of
these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the sellers to produce
goods and then make money by selling them.
Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It beans with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and
dealers first try to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase. Every step -- design, production, distribution, promotion — is made according.
This concept does not mean that consumer satisfaction is given priority (优先) over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business activity — the firm and the customer —and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful businessmen and producers, however, recognize that the surest way to profit is through understanding customers. This concept has been recognized, such as "Have It Your Way," and "You're the Boss." A good example of the importance of satisfying the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the taste of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new taste by a significant part of the public brought about a quick return to the Classic Coke, which was then marketed along with the new. King Consumer rules!
71. A good knowledge of the difference between marketing and selling leads to       .
A. the mass production of goods
B. a perfect command of salesmanship
C. a basic command of the marketing concept
D. the process of selling goods to earn money
72. Not too long ago, industries focused on        .
A. moving goods to the market
B. the demands of consumers 
C. the selling of new products
D. producing and selling goods
73. The focus of marketing lies in              
A. an understanding of consumer needs
B. the quick movement of goods
C. developing new wants for consumer goods
C. making goods readily available to customers
74. The last sentence of the passage suggests that          
A. the consumer should be allowed to do things in his way
B. the consumer should be treated like a king
C. the consumer should have the final say in selling products
D. the consumer should be advised on what to say
75. What will be discussed in the next paragraph?
A. How to make a profit for a company.
B. How to meet the demands of consumers.
C. How to persuade people into buying goods.
D. How to improve the quality of goods.

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