Question

There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgment. And the “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people's work, to begin it and judge it.

　　   The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man, and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist and especially the administrator deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man, and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.

Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you, but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious(怀疑的)of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.

1. There is an increasing demand for 　　  .

A. all-round people in their own fields

B. people whose job is to organize other people’s work

C. generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional

D. specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others

2. The specialist is 　　 .

A. a man whose job is to train other people

B. a man who has been trained in more than one field

C. a man who can see the forest rather than the trees

D. a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters

3. During your training period it is important 　　 .

A. to try to be a generalist

B. to choose a profitable job

C. to find an organization which fits you

D. to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist

4. A man’s first job 　　  .

A. is never the right job for him

B. should not be regarded as his final job

C. should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job

D. is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job

 

Answer 1

答案：B;D;D;B
提示：

1.依照短文意思，现在急需的是有组织、协调评价能力的通才(generalist)，而不是专长(specialist)，因此，D选项不正确。A和C选项都只是部分成立，总是就出现在其后面的修饰语上。只有B选项符合短文的意思。 2.根据作者在第二段中的解释，D选项的内容符合其定义。 3.第二段的最后一句话给出了本题的答案。 4.仔细阅读最后一段，然后比较这四个选项，可以发现：A、C、D选项的内容都与其不一致。只有B项与其一致，因此B为正确选项。