Question

   To wear rohes and wigs(长袍和假发) ，or to not wear robes and wigs: that is the question. In 1776,when the United States declared its independence from England,the Founding Fathers set out to create a government and wrote the most important political documents. It is not surprising that they used English common law as the basis of our society’s laws. Apparently,they also debated court dress. Thomas Jefferson,and a few of his colleagues,wanted judges to wear suits in order to rid the influence of the English era. John Adams,on the other hand,wanted to keep the tradition alive. The Founding Fathers did what they did best,and compromised. They threw away the uncomfortable wigs and kept the robes.

   At the time,Supreme Court Justices usually wore red robes. But Chief Justice John Marshall changed the dress rules by putting on a black robe.

He started a new fashion and judges in the United States have been wearing black ever since.

   The tradition of robes came from the English,but why were the English wearing robes in the first place? The wearing of robes by justices can date back to the 15th century. English judges wore red,green,reddish blue,and black robes depending on the fashions of the time. In 1635,it was decided that reddish blue robes should be worn in the summer and black for the winter. It was also decided that red robes should be worn on ceremonial occasions.

   The origins of wearing the black robe in England are debated among historians. Most historians say that the black robe tradition started with the mourning of the death of Queen Mary II in 1694.

   However,in the United States,the tradition of black robes Was not always followed. Former Idaho Supreme Court Justice,Byron Johnson,chose to wear a royal blue robe stating in a letter to his friend that he sat in the “black and blue” court.

   Wearing black robes will most likely continue in the United States for a long time to come. However,everyone,especially judges,should take a moment to thank Thomas Jefferson for convincing John Adams to give up those ridiculous wigs.

6. The Founding Fathers disagreed about whether.

   A. judges should debate like English judges

   B. judges should dress in the English way

   C. they should obey English common law

   D. they should set up a new government

7. What was Jefferson's attitude towards the English tradition?

    A. He doubted it. B. He tolerated it.

   C. He was against it. D. He was uncertain of it.

8. Black robes became a tradition of American courts because of .

   A. John Adams’ argument

   B. John Marshall's example

   C. the dress rules in English courts

   D. the Founding Fathers’ compromises

9. The black robe in English courts may go back to.

   A. the 15th century   B. the 18th century   C. the year of 1635   D. the year of 1694

10. How does the author sound when telling the stories in the text?

   A. Humorous. B. Anxious.

   C. Cautious. D. Serious.

Answer 1

6. B 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A

(社会)

本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国和英国的法官为什么穿黑色的长袍。

6. B.细节理解题。根据第一段中的 Apparently,they also debated court dress可知，美国开国元勋们在法官是 否穿着英式服装问题上产生了分歧。

7. C.推理判断题。根据第一段中的 Thomas Jefferson,and a few of his colleagues,wanted judges to wear suits in order to rid the influence of the English era可知，杰斐逊反对英国 传统。

8. B.细节理解题。根据第二段中的 But Chief Justice John Marshall changed the dress rules by putting on a black robe. He started a new fashion and judges in the United States have been wearing black ever since 可知，黑 长袍成为美国法庭传统是因为约翰• 马歇尔的先例。

9. D.细节理解题。根据第四段中的the black robe tradition started with the mourning of the death of Queen Mary II in 1694 可知答案。

10. A.推理判断题。根据文章开头的 To wear robes and wigs,or to not wear robes and wigs: that is the question和最后两段中的he sat in the “black and blue” court 及 everyone,especially judges,should take a moment to thank Thomas Jefferson for convincing John Adams to give up those ridiculous wigs 可以 感觉到,作者讲故事的语气很幽默。