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With courses on David Beckham and Harry Potter on offer at famous universities, it comes as no surprise that students are now able to learn the art of the perfect selfie(自拍）.

The concept of taking selfies gained great popularity. It soon exploded on the Internet, and people started crazily to take images that had them as the primary item of focus. The trend became so popular that it even inspired a song,“SELHE” by the Chainsmokers, which racked up 267 million views on YouTube. In fact, Twitter declared 2014 as “the year of the selfie”.

Just like the art of photography can be studied and improved, City Literary Institute, a well-known college in London, felt it needed to educate people on the fine art of taking the perfect selfie and officially started to offer a first-ever course on that.

The four-session course will cost £132 (£106 for seniors), but the fee won’t even include a free selfie-stick, a tool that is rapidly gaining acceptance for serious selfie-takers. It is open to all enthusiastic and self-obsessed photographers.

As part of the new course, self-absorbed photographers will be taught “valuable life skills^ to prepare themselves to face a world which could present a photo opportunity at any point. Apart from offering the much-needed but seldom-sought guidance on the best angles and lighting, the course promises to improve your critical understanding of the “selfie”. There will also be a brief exploration into the concepts of “identity, self-hood and memory” as well as the opportunity to “develop new ideas to you’re your photography more relevant to your aims,'

But the selfie enthusiasts must be prepared to share their photos, as organizers said a critique(评论）of students’ work would form an important role in the learning process.

1.Learning to take selfies at universities isn't a surprise because .

A. taking selfies is popular nowadays

B. many people take photos crazily

C. the perfect selfie has exploded on the Intenet

D. courses on some famous persons have been offered

2.City Literary Institute offers courses on taking selfies to .

A. attract people to study there

B. teach people to master the art

C. follow the latest fashion

D. be the first to offer such courses

3.What can be inferred about the course in the passage?

A. It makes students get to know the concept of beauty.

B. It offers the steps on how to take photos.

C. Students taking the course are likely to take better selfies.

D. Students’ critical understanding of selfie is promised to improve.

4.Who can have access to the course on taking selfies?

A. Anyone who shows passion for taking selfies.

B. Anyone who is a full-time student of the college.

C. Only young photographers who are interested in it.

D. Only those who are good at taking photos.

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Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.

Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?

To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（学科）.Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention. So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.

On the whole, Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science.

1. The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to__________.

A. illustrate where science can be applied

B. demonstrate the value of Brooks’s new book

C. remind the reader of the importance of science

D. explain why many writers use science in their works

2.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?

A. Its strong basis. B. Its convincing points.

C. Its clear writing. D. Its memorable characters.

3.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?

A. Contradictory. B. Supportive.

C. Cautious. D. Critical.

4.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?

A. Problems with the book.

B. Brooks’s life experience.

C. Death of the characters.

D. Brooks’s translation skills.

When we give our kids holiday gifts, many of us can’t wait to hear their appreciative cries of “thank you!” once the wrapping gets ripped off. But here’s a tip: You’d be wise not to expect much gratitude from them for what they receive.

Gratitude can make us happier, healthier, and even fitter. But do the kids show their gratitude for the stuff we buy them? All the research I’ve done has convinced me that it won’t happen. One mom told me that when she asked her 16-year-old son to thank her for buying him a cellphone, he said, “But that’s what moms should do.” From a teenager’s angle, it’s a parent’s responsibility to take care of the family. According to Dunham, Yale’s assistant professor of psychology, “When teenagers code it that way, a gift is no longer something given freely and voluntarily”—it’s just mom and dad living up to their obligation.

Parents do have the right to demand good manners and children should thank sincerely whoever gives them something. But kids can’t know how blessed they are unless they have a basis for comparison. And they don’t learn that by a parent complaining that they’re ungrateful. We need to give our children the gift of a wider world view. Show by example that gratitude isn’t about stuff—which ultimately can’t make any of us happy anyway. It’s about realizing how lucky you are and paying your good fortune forward.

You can collect all the charitable appeals and sit down together with the kids to go through them. You set the budget for giving and the kids decide how it’s distributed. Once the conversation about gratitude gets started, it’s much easier to continue all year. Also you can set up a family routine at bedtime where kids describe three things that have made them grateful. When kids go off to college, you can text them a picture each week of something that inspires your appreciation.

Teaching children to focus on the positive and appreciate the good in their lives is perhaps the greatest gift we can give them. And we can all learn together that the things that really matter aren’t on sale at a department store.

1.How do children respond when receiving gifts from their parents?

A. They show no interest in their parents’ gifts.

B. They can’t wait to open their parents’ gifts.

C. They show much gratitude to their parents for the gifts.

D. They take their parents’ gifts for granted.

2.To make children grateful for what they have, parents should _________.

A. live up to their obligation

B. ask their children to have good manners

C. teach their children by setting an example

D. complain their children are ungrateful

3.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

A. No gifts are greater than teaching children to be positive and grateful.

B. Children ought to realize how lucky they are to have considerate parents.

C. Children are supposed to decide how to distribute their own money

D. It is easy for parents to start the conversation about gratitude.

4. What’s the purpose of the author writing this text?

A. To explain the reason why children offer no gratitude to their parents.

B. To give advice to parents on how to help children develop gratitude.

C. To encourage parents to do things together with their children.

D. To remind parents of their responsibility to educate their children.

When it comes to success in business and success in life, there are few qualities as important as confidence.

People naturally have different levels of confidence. Some have a higher level of confidence than others do, but even those whose confidence is lacking can learn to build their level of confidence and reach their most important goals. Increasing self-confidence is one of the most common reasons people give for seeking the help of psychologists and other professionals.

One of the many places where a greater level of confidence is useful is in the workplace. We all know how difficult it can be, for instance, to ask the boss for a raise. This process can be extremely difficult for those who lack confidence in their own abilities. After all, if you are unsure about your own abilities, how will you ever convince your boss that you deserve more money for the work you do?

Even if you are not asking for that big raise, having plenty of confidence in your abilities is important to success. If you are certain of your abilities, chances are that those around you, whether they are your coworkers, your colleagues or your superiors(上级), will see that confidence, and that will help to assure them that you are the best at what you do.

Being thought of as the person to go to, and being seen as an expert in your chosen field, is naturally very important to success on the job. If you can make yourself the person people go to for guidance and advice, you will help to protect yourself from the ever present danger of downsizing. After all, if you are a recognized expert at the office, you will be regarded as an indispensable member of the team.

Having a high level of confidence, after all, does not mean overlooking the places where you could improve. Knowing what you do well and where you need help will help you enjoy increased success and confidence.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The influence of confidence on one’s life.

B. The importance of confidence to success.

C. The difference of people’s confidence.

D. The judgment on one’s confidence.

2.Psychologists and other professionals can offer help to those _____.

A. who think their goals are hard to reach

B. who expect to give guidance to others

C. who want to ask the boss for a raise

D. who dream to be recognized experts

3.What does the underlined word indispensable in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A. important B. attractive

C. outgoing D. energetic

4.What message does the author want to convey (传达) in the last paragraph?

A. To overlook one’s disadvantages.

B. To make full use of one’s advantages.

C. To have great confidence in one’s abilities.

D. To make objective(客观的) evaluations of one’s abilities.

I went shopping for a dress to wear to my daughter’s high school graduation half a year ago. To my horror, I could only fit into a size 20.

Being overweight most of my adult life, I always had very little self-confidence. Wearing a dress I didn’t like to such an important event was enough to make me look for help. Thankfully, a friend of mine was attending Weight Watchers meetings, and I noticed her great progress. Her success inspired me to give it a try. I joined Weight Watchers, attended their meetings and started following their Weight-Loss System.

I focused on the plan with determination and never missed a weekly meeting! I discovered that I enjoyed the benefits of having the help and support of others. I also read the weekly online e-newsletter and was inspired by the stories, recipes and information offered there, I also read magazines produced by Weight Watchers, which have great tips and new ideas in each issue.

It’s hard for me to even remember the person I was before my amazing change. I didn’t walk anywhere and couldn’t wash my car or walk my dog. Today I do these simple tasks without even thinking about them. But the change didn’t happen overnight. I had to exercise with patience and perseverance(坚持). I decided to take it one day at a time and stick with if for good.

The “new me” is more self-confident and healthier. I love how I feel now. I have more energy and feel like I’m 25 again. So why not give Weight Watchers a try if you have the same overweight problem?

1.The underlined word “inspired” in the second paragraph can be replaced by ______.

A. excited B. moved C. encouraged D. forced

2.We can learn from the passage that the writer ______.

A. often went shopping before she lost weight

B. was overweight when she was a child

C. ever wanted to give up losing weight

D. now is more confident than before

3.This passage is written to ________.

A. tell us how to gain self-confidence

B. show off the great progress that the author has made

C. give us some tips on how to lose weight quickly

D. advise overweight people to give Weight Watchers a try

4.Which of the following word will you use to describe the writer?

A. Weak. B. Calm. C. Patient. D. Silent.

Market analysts in the United States have recently been quoted as saying that the biggest threat to the luxury (奢侈品) industry in the US is the tech industry. This is according to an article by fellow journalist Ashley Lutz. Her suggestion is sound. The main idea of her article is that products from Tiffany & Co. find their biggest competition not from other luxury brands but from companies like Apple. Lutz points out that luxury products are often only for “show,” while the attraction behind tech products is functionality.

You find few people in the United States today willing to purchase luxury goods at full price. It didn’t use to be that way. Luxury goods used to be actually exclusive. That meant you needed to travel to the right store to purchase them, and you didn’t even have the option of getting a deal.

Today, no one wants to pay full price for luxury goods. People have the unfortunate belief that fakes (赝品) somehow are equal to originals, and if you can’t get a deal on eBay, Amazon, or in an outlet store, purchasing a luxury product probably isn’t worth it. Luxury brands struggle to remain high-end (高档的) images despite the reality that the American consumer is motivated much more by discounts than they are by brand names or image.

Yet people stand in line to pay full price for a new product from Apple and crowds gather to hear about a new smart phone. While electronics are updating every day, people are purchasing technology at full prices much more than they are purchasing luxury goods. What are high-tech makers doing right that luxury makers are pitifully failing at?

Carefully looking at the situation, it would appear as if the Internet didn’t hurt the luxury industry, expectation from the consumers did. What people want these days more than anything is stuff that does something. They want cars that drive, shoes that are comfortable, games that are fun to play, screens that are beautiful to look at, tools that are useful, and entertainment that is entertaining. Little of that fits into what the luxury industry has typically offered with its status, image, and fine materials. The sad reality is that luxury products aren’t that luxury any more.

1.What does this passage mainly talk about?

A. Nobody likes luxury goods any more.

B. Tech products become the new “luxury goods”.

C. Luxury goods are of poor quality nowadays.

D. Iphones have taken the place of luxury products.

2. The underlined word “exclusive” in paragraph 2 means _______.

A. easy to sell

B. low in price

C. hard to find

D. unique and with no bargain

3.What do people pay most attention to nowadays?

A. The function of products.

B. The images of luxuries.

C. The Internet service.

D. The expectation from the consumers.

How to Train Your Dragon by British author Cressida Cowell is one of the best pieces of children's literature. A child can make a whole alternative universe with a vivid imagination and Toothless, the hero's hunting dragon, thus turning a rainy day into an adventure of a lifetime. However, if you have never read the book but instead choose to see the film version, you might think you were seeing a new-age war movie meant for adults rather than children.

Let's look at Where the Wild Things Are for further discussion. The story centers around a lonely eight-year-old boy named Max, who sails away to an island. Creatures living there declare Max their king.

What an amazing piece of children's literature! A treasure for every child's library. Yet, children were crying in the movie theatre. Owls were falling from the sky, chicken's arms were being torn off, and a child was running around a dark abandoned world fighting evil as the only human. It was almost as if Hollywood could not imagine children enjoying a movie for its basic literature content. Hollywood might be right. But more and more its audience are complaining that there is an increased amount of violence in children's stories today than in the past.

While there appears to be a trend in our society to make more violence more accessible to younger children, books and literature are generally an exception. I truly believe that children's literature has become more vivid, and more colorful. This is a great treasure for the children, and is certainly not violent. What has changed the children's stories of today is not the writers, but the film industry. In some way, children's literature is just being strangely twisted（扭曲）. I wonder how much influence the authors have over this.

1.The text is mainly about ____.

A. two good books for children

B. how a book is adapted into a film

C. whether children should go to the movies

D. whether children's movie is getting more violent

2. It can be inferred that the film Where the Wild Things Are is ___.

A. moving B. frightening

C. interesting D. amazing

3.According to the text, the author thinks that ____.

A. the film industry's treatment of children's literature is wrong

B. writers should provide more colorful works for children

C. there is an increase in violence in children's literature

D. children should read books rather than see films

The new high-speed railway line between Urumqi, capital of the Xinjiang Uygur self-governing region, and Lanzhou, capital of Gansu province, has cut train travel time by half to less than 12 hours.

The dramatic improvement will benefit many families planning reunions for Spring Festival.

"For the first time, I feel home is not that far away after all," said Liang Shaofu as he boarded a high-speed train in Urumqi with six members of his family.

The 35-year-old left Lanzhou to set up a dry fruit business in Xinjiang eight years ago, and he has now settled in Urumqi.

The 1,776-km line, which passes through Qinghai province and is the country's first high-speed railway to be built in a high-altitude region, came into service on Dec 26.

"We normally drive home for Spring Festival to avoid the difficulties of buying seven train tickets for the whole family during the peak season," Liang said. "Driving can be very tiring and dangerous sometimes, so one year we even decided not to go back to Lanzhou simply to avoid the trip.

More than 600,000 passengers traveled on the line during its first month, and the Urumqi Railway Bureau said the introduction of high-speed services will ease transport pressure during the Spring Festival peak season.

The existing usual railway line could no longer support Xinjiang's development. All passenger trains will gradually shift to the new link, leaving the old one to be used for goods. As a result, Xinjiang's annual goods ability could reach 200 million metric tons from the current 70 million.

The line passes through areas that experience high winds, and it also crosses parts of the deserted Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the bone-dry sands of the Gobi Desert.

The project could help China to promote its high-speed railway technology abroad, said Ma Xizhang, director of the Lanzhou-Xinjiang railway project's management department in Xinjiang.

1.How long did it take to go from Urumqi to Lanzhou by the usual train before?

A. about 12 hours. B. About 6 hours.

C. About 18 hours. D. About 24 hours.

2.What’s the main advantage of the new high-speed railway?

A. It takes more time to go to Urumqi to Lanzhou.

B. It will be more convenient for people all over the country to Xinjiang.

C. All the people in Lanzhou can return home on festivals.

D. It helps to improve Xinjiang’s development.

3. From the passage we can learn _______.

A. Xinjiang’s annual goods ability can increase nearly four times

B. the new railway technology may help more railway lines to be built abroad

C. the high-speed railway lines can’t be built across the bone-dry sands

D. the old railway lines can only carry goods now

4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. The new high-speed railway line is good for all people to go home.

B. The new high-speed railway line benefits businessmen to carry goods.

C. Taking the new train is safer than driving home from Urumqi to Lanzhou.

D. Businessmen seldom went home for Spring Festival before.

Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.

Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting（收缩）and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.

Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”

The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don’t see and guide whether we see fear.”

To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner（扫描仪）to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person’s feeling of fear.

“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,” Dr Garfinkel said.

“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”

1.What is the finding of the study?

A. Fear is a result of one’s relaxed heartbeat.

B. One’s heart affects how he feels fear.

C. Fear has something to do with one’s heart health.

D. One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.

2.The conclusion was drawn by analyzing .

A. volunteers’ heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures

B. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions

C. volunteers’ reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans

D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication

3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?

A. Order B. Treatment

C. Machine D. System

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