题目内容
9.We may all have had the embarrassing moment:Getting half-way through a story only to realize that we've told this exact tale before,to the person we're boring with it now.Why do we make such memory mistakes?According to research published in Psychological Science,it may have to do with the way our brains process different types of memory.
Researchers Nigel Gopie,of the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto,and Colin Macleod,of the University of Waterloo,divided memory into two kinds.The first was source memory,or the ability to keep track of where information is coming from.The second was destination memory,or the ability to recall who we have given information to.
They found that source memory functions better than destination memory,in part because of the direction in which that information is travelling.
To study the differences between source and destination memory,the researchers did an experiment on 60university students,according to a New York Times report.The students were asked to associate 50random ( 随意的) facts with the faces of 50famous people.Half of the students"told"each fact to one of the faces,reading it aloud when the celebrity's picture appeared on a computer screen.The other half read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterward.
When later asked to recall which facts went with which faces,the students who were giving information out (destination memory) scored about 16percent lower on memory performance compared with the students receiving information (source memory).
The researchers concluded that out-going information was less associated with its environmental context (背景)----that is,the person----than was incoming information.
This makes sense given what is known about attention.A person who is giving information,even little facts,will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said.Because our attention is finite(有限的),we give less attention to the person we are giving information to.
After a second experiment with another group of 40students,the researchers concluded that self-focus is another factor that undermines destination memory.
They asked half the students to continue giving out random information,while the other told things about themselves.This time around,those who were talking about themselves did 15percent worse than those giving random information.
"When you start telling these personal facts compared with non-self facts,suddenly destination memory goes down more,suggesting that it is the self-focus component (成分) that's reducing the memory,Gopie told Live Science.
66.The point of this article is toC.
A.give advice on how to improve memory
B.say what causes the memory to worsen
C.explain why we repeat stories to the same person
D.introduce different kinds of memories
67.Those who read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterwardA.
A.can memorize more information
B.have worse memory
C.are more likely to repeat stories
D.paid more attention to themselves
68.The person who is giving informationB.
A.may receive little facts
B.focuses more on what he is saying
C.has finite attention
D.says much attention to his own behavior
69.The underlined word"undermines"probably meansA.
A.weakens B.benefits
C.explains D.supports
70.What did the scientists conclude from the second experiment?D
A.Destination memory is weaker than source memory.
B.Focusing attention on oneself leads to relatively poor source memory performance.
C.Associating personal experience with information helps people memorize better.
D.Self-focus is responsible for giving information twice or more to the same person.
分析 本文是一篇科教类阅读,主要解释了人为什么会犯"将同一个故事重复讲给同一个人听"的记忆错误.
解答 66-70 CABAD
66题答案:C考查细节推理,根据文章首段的Getting half-way through a story only to realize that we've told this exact tale before,to the person we're boring with it now.Why do we make such memory mistakes?故事讲到一半我们才意识到我们已经对厌倦于这个故事的人讲过,为什么我们会犯这样的记忆错误呢?可知本题答案为C选项.
67题答案:A考查细节推理,根据文章第五段Half of the students"told"each fact to one of the faces,reading it aloud when the celebrity's picture appeared on a computer screen.The other half read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterward.当名人的照片出现在电脑屏幕上时,半数学生说出每张脸的细节并且将其大声读出来(发出信息),另外的一半默默地阅读每个细节并且之后会看到一张不同名人的照片(接收信息),及第六段的When later asked to recall which facts went with which faces,the students who were giving information out (destination memory) scored about 16percent lower on memory performance compared with the students receiving information (source memory).后来在记忆表现中被问及回忆哪些细节对应哪些脸时,发出信息的学生(目标记忆)所获分数要比接收信息的学生(资源记忆)低百分之16.可知本题答案为A选项.
68题答案:B考查细节推理,根据原文第八段A person who is giving information,even little facts,will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said.可知本题答案为B选项.
69题答案:A考查细节推理,根据原文第十段的They asked half the students to continue giving out random information,while the other told things about themselves.This time around,those who were talking about themselves did 15percent worse than those giving random information.他们要求一半学生给出随意的信息,而另一半讲述关于自己的事情.这一轮中那些谈论自己的学生比给出随机信息的学生表现要糟糕15%.可知"自我专注"是另个"弱化"目标记忆的因素,故本题答案为A选项.
70题答案:D考查细节推理,最后一段讲的是"自我专注"是弱化"目标记忆"的原因,而"目标记忆"正好是"一种回忆我们将信息给予了谁的能力(讲故事即属于这种记忆)";故本题答案为D选项"自我专注是重复对同一个人多次叙述故事的原因".
点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读,题目涉及多道细节理解题,做题时结合原文和题目有针对 性找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案.
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A. | this | B. | one | C. | it | D. | that |
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C. | The teacher attended | D. | The teacher's attending |