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¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿ A single cigarette sold on a street corner may not cost a lot; however, the whole costs of smoking are huge.

First, consider the cost of human life. About 10 people die of a tobacco-related disease every minute. Most of these preventable deaths happen in low-income and middle-income countries. The World Bank says each of these countries has a total national income of less than $ 12,746.

The World Health Organization says tobacco kills 6 million people yearly -a number that is expected to rise to 8 million by 2030 unless immediate action is taken.

But smoking costs more than the life of a person. It can affect the health of the whole country. The World Health Organization says low-income countries depend heavily on taxes from cigarettes. They use the money, in part, to pay the costs of health care for tobacco-related diseases.

But the illegal trade in tobacco products is further testing the economies of low-income countries. WHO officials say the illegal trade earns about $ 31 billion every year.

Douglas Bettcher is the director of the W HO s Department for the Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases. He calls the illegal trade a monster with many heads. He says the trade enables young people to buy cigarettes at low prices, become addicted to tobacco and suffer from serious health problems. It also increases crime and reduces taxes.

The World Health Organization is strongly suggesting that the U. N. member states sign an agreement to end the illegal trade in tobacco products. Eight countries have agreed to the agreement. But the agreement of 32 other countries is still needed for it to become an international law.

If the agreement succeeds, governments could put people who trade illegal tobacco products in prison-another cost to countries budgets.

¡¾1¡¿Where are people dying of a tobacco related disease mostly from?

A.Developed countries.B.Old countries.

C.Underdeveloped countries.D.New countries.

¡¾2¡¿Which of the following about the whole costs of smoking is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A.Destroying the environment.

B.Being harmful to human life.

C.Affecting the whole country¡¯s economy.

D.Causing the illegal trade.

¡¾3¡¿What¡¯s the main idea of Paragraph 6?

A.Some action has been taken by the WHO.

B.The illegal trade in tobacco products is harmful.

C.Young people who are addicted to smoking may commit a crime.

D.An agreement to end the illegal trade in tobacco products is being signed.

¡¾4¡¿Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A.Smoking Costs More than You Think

B.Different Ways to Stop Smoking

C.The Illegal Trade in Tobacco Products

D.Immediate Action to Stop Smoking

¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿ With all the recent concern about the environment£¬people want to see their money used to better the planet. Here are four well-known environmental organizations.

World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

The World Wildlife Fund is perhaps one of the best-known organizations for the protection of endangered species and their habitats around the world. They¡¯ve been around for over 45 years. You can donate through their website worldwildlife. org, join their organization as a member, or adopt an animal through their online adoption center.

National Geographic Society (NGS)

National Geographic Society is well-known for their magazine and their specials on TV. The organization itself is one of the longest-running in the world¡ªthey¡¯ ve been around since 1888. focus on exploration and conservation of forests, oceans, habitats, species and societies. You chopse to donate through the website nationalgeographic.com£¬buy something at their online store, or order a magazine subscription.

National Wildlife Federation (NWF)

Founded officially in 1937, the National Wildlife Federation tries to protect wildlife at all costs. In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment¡ª-the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in. Donations to the NWF can be made through their website nwf. org or through other options, like matching gifts, workplace giving, or memorial donations.

Ecology Fund, com

Set up in 1976£¬Ecology Fund, com is run on user clicks. Advertisers buy ad space on the site every time someone clicks. The money goes to buy endangered wilderness land to protect it from companies that would destroy it. So far, Ecology Fund, com has bought land in many areas. The best thing about this site is that you needn¡¯t donate any money¡ªall you have to do is click.

¡¾1¡¿Which environmental organization has the longest history?

A.Ecology Fund. com.B.World Wildlife Fund.

C.National Geographic Society.D.National Wildlife Federation.

¡¾2¡¿What does NWF think is the most important in environmental protection?

A.Knowledge.B.Management.C.Money.D.Patience.

¡¾3¡¿In what way does EcologyFund.com differ from the other three organizations?

A.The size of networks.B.The way of operation.

C.The strength of influence.D.The degree of popularity.

¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿ Huawei Technologies Co. displayed its much-anticipated in-house operating system Harmony OS on Friday, marking what some call the Chinese tech giant¡¯s biggest push yet to build its own software ecosystem for the era of the internet of things.

The move is also expected to weaken the influence of the United States government¡¯s restrictions on Huawei using Google¡¯s Android operating system in smartphones, analysts said.

Yu Chengdong, CEO of Huawei¡¯s consumer business group, speaking in Dongguan, Guangdong province, said it is difficult to deliver a smooth experience across different devices with the huge amount of codes involved in the Android and Linux operating systems. Linux is an open-source operating system widely used in personal computers and other hardware.

¡°Harmony is a next-generation operating system designed to address the challenge,¡± Yu said, adding that it will be able to support a wide range of application situations, including smart TVs, automobiles and wearables.

The internet of things refers to a network of devices and other objects that can connect with each other and exchange data.

Yu said the US government¡¯s restrictions have accelerated the company¡¯s marketing of the system, which now has about 4,000 employees working on it.

The senior executive said Harmony can be used in its smartphones. But Android is still Huawei¡¯s preferred choice for handsets if the company is allowed to use it.

¡°But when Android is not available, Harmony can be applied immediately to smartphones. Harmony is ready,¡± Yu added.

Jia Mo, an analyst at market research company Canalys, said even if Huawei does not use Harmony in its smartphones in the short term, its smartwatches and smart TVs can be equipped with Harmony to widen its use and accumulate more experience in building an ecosystem.

¡°Also, more importantly, Huawei chose to build Harmony into an open-source operating system and allow it to be compatible with Android. Thus Harmony will be more accepted by current Android users. This will prevent Huawei from repeating the fate of Microsoft in promoting smartphone systems,¡± Jia said. Microsoft failed to popularize the use of its Windows system in smartphones years ago.

¡¾1¡¿What is the significance of the Harmony OS?

A.It symbolizes Huawei has finished its own software ecosystem.

B.It may reduce the threat from US government¡¯s restrictions.

C.It will accumulate more experience in building an ecosystem.

D.It successfully borrows from Microsoft's Windows system.

¡¾2¡¿Which of the following may take the place of the underlined word ¡°compatible¡± in the last paragraph?

A.Used harmoniously.B.Operated quickly.

C.Resisted fiercely.D.Monitored closely.

¡¾3¡¿Where may we find this article?

A.Fashion magazines.B.TV interviews.

C.Historic documents.D.News websites.

¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿ Crosscountry aims to provide the most punctual service possible. However, when delays do occur, we will provide you compensation in line with our Passenger Charter and National Rail Conditions of Travel.

If your train has been delayed by 30 minutes or more to the destination printed on your ticket, you will be entitled to compensation. You can rest assured that your journey is covered whatever happens.

How much refund am I entitled to?

The amount of compensation that you may be entitled to depends on the length of time your journey was delayed by:

Delays of 30-59 minutes

50% of the cost of your single ticket or 50% of the cost of either portion of your return ticket.

Delays of 60 minutes or more

100% of the cost of your single ticket or 100% of the cost of either portion of your return ticket

Delays of two hours or more for return tickets

If either or both the outward or return legs of your journey are delayed by more than two hours and you have a return ticket, you will be entitled to receive up to 100% of the cost of the return ticket

How will I be paid?

Compensation will be paid in National Rail Travel Vouchers (i RB or, at your request, In money(for example by cheque or BACS). Rail Travel vouchers can be used as payment or part payment towards any National Rail ticket, including season tickets.

How do I make a claim under Delay Repay?

Please complete the form below within 28 days of the date of the delay. Areadable scanned copy of your ticket is required to make a claim.

Our customer service team will respond as soon as possible and aim to reply within 10 working days. Should you have any difficulties completing the form, please call us on 03447369123.

Alternatively, you can download our Delay Repay claim form and post to us at the address on the form.

¡¾1¡¿John bought a single ticket from London to Glasgow, which cost him f20.60. Unfortunately, the journey was delayed by 40 minutes. How much refund can he receive?

A.None

B.E10.30

C.E20.60.

D.41.20

¡¾2¡¿With no special request, the compensation will be paid ________.

A.by bank transfer

B.by cheque or in cash

C.in National Rail ticket

D.in National Rail Travel Vouchers

¡¾3¡¿To make a claim for refund, one must _________.

A.get his train ticket clearly scanned

B.download the claim form and mail it

C.call the service hotline to get the form

D.complete the form within 10 days after the delay

¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿A 28£­year£­old accountant is debt free in less than four years.

Logan Marston _______ten loans that totaled $ 73,372.In May 2012£¬he _______a bachelor's degree and completed his master's degree in _______ a year later.He was surprised at the _______ amount of debt when it was time to pay off his student loans.He had an idea in his head it was going to be five _______£¬but he didn't know it was going to be that much.He accrued(»ýÀÛ) at least$ 6,000 in new interest from the time he started paying them off in December 2013 to when he _______finished in May 2017.It was the interest he was paying that_______him to minimize the total amount as quickly as possible.After landing a job as an accountant£¬he began _______ the debt.

¡°There wasn't any kind of _______£¬¡± Marston said.¡°I was just living as _______as possible¡ªdoing everything I could to save money like_______rent with roommates.I kept a very low_______reserve.I didn't have any emergency cash.Whatever I_______£¬I paid the loans with it without any _______spending.¡±

He took_______of a 0.25 percent interest rate reduction by signing up for an_______repayment plan.On average£¬he was able to pay from $1,000 to $1,500 a month_______toward his loans£¬in addition to the $796 standard payment that he was charged each month.

_______advice to other graduates expecting to _______themselves of debt£¬Marston said to deal with the loans with the highest interest rate first.¡°Don't think there's some secret.It's just_______and anyone can achieve what I achieved.¡±

¡¾1¡¿A. secured B. settled C. obtained D. provided

¡¾2¡¿A. received B. pursued C. searched D. showed

¡¾3¡¿A. educating B. accounting C. engineering D. advertising

¡¾4¡¿A. full B. equal C. high D. fixed

¡¾5¡¿A. figures B. points C. zeros D. loans

¡¾6¡¿A. constantly B. suddenly C. slowly D. finally

¡¾7¡¿A. expected B. persuaded C. motivated D. advised

¡¾8¡¿A. holding back B. ringing back C. looking back D. paying back

¡¾9¡¿A. promise B. secret C. trouble D. help

¡¾10¡¿A. simply B. happily C. carefully D. differently

¡¾11¡¿A. reducing B. requiring C. splitting D. collecting

¡¾12¡¿A. debt B. wealth C. interest D. cash

¡¾13¡¿A. earned B. saved C. borrowed D. undertook

¡¾14¡¿A. public B. household C. unpractical D. unnecessary

¡¾15¡¿A. advantage B. charge C. hold D. place

¡¾16¡¿A. official B. entire C. automatic D. early

¡¾17¡¿A. extra B. average C. total D. rest

¡¾18¡¿A. Apart from B. As for C. Because of D. Thanks to

¡¾19¡¿A. inform B. convince C. rid D. cure

¡¾20¡¿A. qualification B. competence C. determination D. discipline

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