Question

16．Find Which Direction Is South
Do you have a good sense of direction？If not，please take with you a compass．But if you forget to take a compass，you can still find your way．
It's never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted（委托）with the job of map-reading actually knows where the family is．You can tell by the slightly confused load on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map．Never mind．The shu is shining and it's still morning．If you don't know the exact time，you can still find out where south is，but you'll need to be patient．
①Find a straight sick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow．
②Try to position the stick as vertically（垂直）as you can．You can check this by making a simple plumb line （铅锤线）with a piece of string and weight．You haven't got any string？OK，use a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight．
③Mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick．
④Wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again．
⑤Keep doing this until you have made several marks．
⑥The mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shadow，which is cast at midday，when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south．
⑦Pick a point in the distance along the line between the shortest shadow and the stick．
⑧That point is south of where you are．
⑨Now you can turn the map，like you did before，and find which way you should be travelling．

68．To find the direction，we ought to be patient probably becauseC
A．it is not easy to find a proper stick
B．it is not easy to position the stick
C．it takes hours to make the marks
D．it takes about half an hour to make the marks
69．The passage would probably be most helpful toB．
A．those who draw maps
B．those who get lost
C．those who make compasses
D．those who do experiments
70．Which of the following pictures best shows the way of finding the direction of south？A

71．The author presents this passage byD．
A．telling an interesting story
B．describing an activity in a lively way
C．testing an idea by reasoning
D．introducing a practical method．

Answer 1

分析 你有很好的方向感吗？如果没有，请随身带上一个指南针．但是如果你忘记带指南针，你依然能找到方向． 想象家庭成员中受托看地图的人能知道一家人在哪永远不是一个好想法．你可以从他们困惑的神情看得出来，似乎这里的每一寸土地都与地图不符．没关系．太阳依旧照耀，还依然是早晨．如果你不知道确切时间，你依然可以知道哪里是南方，但是你需要耐心．①找一个直棍，将其立在一个你可以标记它的影子的地方．②将直棍尽量竖直．你可以用一根简单的具有细绳和负重的铅垂线．你没有线？好吧，从衣服上拉下一根线，用纽扣当负重．③标记下直棍的影子．④等大约半个小时，之后再次标记影子．⑤反复做几次，直到你有若干个记号．⑥离直棍最近的影子会最短，这是在正午投射下来的，当太阳在天空中最高处并指向南时．⑦在最短影和棍子之间取一个点．⑧这个点就是你所处位置的南方⑨现在你可以像以前一样，旋转地图，找到你该走哪个方向．

解答 68．C．推理判断题．根据③Mark the end of the shadow cast（投射） by the stick．④Wait about half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again．⑤Keep doing this until you have made several marks．可知③标记下直棍的影子．④等大约半个小时，之后再次标记影子．⑤反复做几次，直到你有若干个记号．从这三点可以看出，做阴影的标记最费时间，所以要耐心．故选C．
69．B．推理判断题．根据You can tell by the troubled look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map，可知你可以从他们困惑的神情看得出来，似乎这里的每一寸土地都与地图不符，从而可以推测这是迷路时的现象，所以答案为B．故选B．
70．A  推理判断题．依据文章中⑥The mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shadow，which is cast at midday，when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south的叙述，可知：离树棍最近的那条线代表的阴影最短，证明当时太阳在天空最高，指向的就是最南方，对应的正好是A．故选A．
71．D．写作方法题．本文介绍的这种方法切实可行，所以作者是通过讲述一个很实用的方法来阐述这篇文章的．故选D．

点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．
做阅读时经常犯错的主要原因是，仅凭读过文章后残留在脑海中的一丝印象来勾选答案，这样便很容易掉入出题人故意设布下的题目陷阱．所谓阅读理解，对于题目的理解一定要忠实于原文，因此，每一道题都应该与原文作全面的对比与核查，再得出答案．也就是说，阅读理解的每一道题目，在原文都应该有明确的出处，我们把这一出处叫做原文相关句，（1）排除与原文相关句主题不一致的选项（2）排除与原文相关句态度相反的选项 （3）排除用于过于极端或负面的选项（4）注意结合文章主旨和主题去排除．