Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.

Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩)and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.

Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”

The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don’t see and guide whether we see fear.”

To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person’s feeling of fear.

“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,” Dr Garfinkel said.

“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”

1.What is the finding of the study?

A. Fear is a result of one’s relaxed heartbeat.

B. One’s heart affects how he feels fear.

C. Fear has something to do with one’s heart health.

D. One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.

2.The conclusion was drawn by analyzing .

A. volunteers’ heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures

B. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions

C. volunteers’ reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans

D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication

3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?

A. Order B. Treatment

C. Machine D. System

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项中(A、B、C和D),选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

"Tear'em apart ! ""Kill the fool! Murder the referee(裁判)!”

These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events.At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough.But let's not kid ourselves.They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us.It has been shown that words having certain connotation(涵义)may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior.I see the term “opponent” as one of those words.Perhaps the time has come to delete(删除) it from sports terrors.

The dictionary meaning of the term "opponent" is "enemy"; "one who opposes your interests." Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy.At such times, winning may be the most important, and every action, no matter how rude, may be considered acceptable.I remember an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player's request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough.The player started to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then shouted, "Are they wet enough now?"

In the heat of battle players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences(后果) that such a move might have on anyone in their way.I have also seen a player reacting to his opponent's intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately(故意地) hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the play.Off the court, they are good friends.Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which goes against normal behavior.

Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated(提升)the game to the level where it belongs, thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting worlD. Replacing the term "opponent" with "associate" could be an ideal way to start.

The dictionary meaning of the term "associate" is" colleague", "friend", "companion".Think about it! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term "associate" rather than "opponent".

1.Which of the following statements best expresses the author's view?

A. Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.

B. The words people use can influence their behavior.

C. Unpleasant words in Sports are often used by foreign athletes.

D. Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.

2.Harsh words are spoken during games because the players _______.

A. are too eager to win

B. are usually short-tempered and easily offended

C. cannot afford to be polite in fierce competition

D. treat their rivals(对手) as enemies

3.What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?

A. He refused to continue the game.

B. He angrily hit the referee with a ball.

C. He claimed that the referee was unfair.

D. He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.

4.The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by _______.

A. calling on players to use clean language on the court

B. raising the referee's sense of responsibility

C. changing the attitude of players on the sports field

D. regulating the relationship between players and referees

In her new book, “The Smartest Kids in the World,” Amanda Ripley, an investigative journalist, tells the story of Tom, a high-school student from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, who decides to spend his senior year in Warsaw, Poland. Poland is a surprising educational success story: in the past decade, the country raised students’ test scores from significantly below average to well above it. Polish kids have now outscored(超过……分数) American kids in math and science, even though Poland spends, on average, less than half as much per student as the United States does. One of the most striking differences between the high school Tom attended in Gettysburg and the one he ends up at in Warsaw is that the latter has no football team, or, for that matter, teams of any kind.

Those American High Schools lavish more time and money on sports than on math is an old complaint. This is not a matter of how any given student who plays sports does in school, but of the culture and its priorities. This December, when the latest Program for International Student Assessment(PISA) results are announced, it’s safe to predict that American high-school students will once again display their limited skills in math and reading, outscored not just by students in Poland but also by students in places like South Korea, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, Singapore, and Japan. Meanwhile, they will have played some very exciting football games, which will have been breathlessly written up in their hometown papers.

Why does this situation continue? Well, for one thing, kids like it. And for another, according to Ripley, parents seem to like the arrangement, too. She describes a tour she took of a school in Washington D. C. , which costs thirty thousand dollars a year. The tour leader—a mother with three children in the school—was asked about the school’s flaws(暇疵). When she said that the math program was weak, none of the parents taking the tour reacted. When she said that the football program was weak, the parents suddenly became concerned. “Really?” one of them asked worriedly, “What do you mean?”

One of the ironies (讽刺) of the situation is that sports reveal what is possible. American kids’ performance on the field shows just how well they can do when expectations are high. It’s too bad that their test scores show the same thing.

1.Tom decides to spend his senior year in Poland because _______.

A. there are striking differences between the 2 countries

B. Polish kids are better at learning

C. sports are not supported at schools in Gettysburg

D. he intends to improve his scores

2.According to Paragraph 2, we know that _______.

A. too much importance is placed on sports in America

B. little time is spent on sports in Japanese schools

C. American high schools complain about sports time

D. PISA plays a very important role in America

3.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _______.

A. American students’ academic performance worries their parents a lot

B. high expectations push up American students’ academic performance

C. low expectations result in American students’ poor PISA performance

D. lacking practice contributes to American students’ average performance

4.The purpose of this article is to _______.

A. draw public attention to a weakness in American school tradition

B. call on American schools to learn from the Polish model

C. compare Polish schools with those in America

D. explain what is wrong with American schools and provide solutions

完形填空

The story happened on a not heavy rainy day.

After class, I took a few bottles to go and ________ some water from the water room. Oh!There were so many people! I had to wait ________the rain. My hair didn’t get wet because I wore a hat, but my clothes ________ .

When at last it was my ________ ,I filled the bottles as quickly as possible. I beganmaking my way back when I saw a boy ________ towards me. He ________ two umbrellas

in his hand. He shouted hello and as he came ________ ,I recognized that it was XiaoBai.

He ________ my classmate for nearly three years but we never ________ more than ten sentences. He was silent but I like talking. We were quite ________ people and had nothing in common. I didn’t ________ him and even didn’t want to see him.

“Hey! What’s wrong?” His words ________ me out of my thought. “I saw you ________ in therain so I brought you this umbrella. But it seems a little ________ ,your clothes are already wet.”

On hearing this, I was so ________ that I couldn’t say a single word.

“Don’t just stand there. Let’s go!” He said and held the umbrella for me. We walked towards ________ and this time, we talk ________ .

“I know you don’t like me, but I want to ________ with you.” he said, “you may think I am silent, but it is because I can’t find the ________ to say.”

The rain finally stopped and we saw a rainbow in the blue sky. I said to myself, “It is wrong to ________someone only by his appearance.

1.A. collect B. drink C. carry D. hold

2.A. under B. in C. at D. on

3.A. did B. get C. was D. wet

4.A. wish B. duty C. job D. turn

5.A. come B. came C. coming D. comes

6.A. had held B. has held C. was holding D. holds

7.A. near B. nearly C. nearer D. nearest

8.A. has been B. had been C. is D. would be

9.A. shared B. talked C. spoke D. communicate

10.A. the same B. familiar C. strange D. different

11.A. hate B. ignore C. like D. get along

12.A. brought B. make C. get D. surprised

13.A. stood B. stand C. standing D. are standing

14.A. early B. frequent C. actually D. late

15.A. moving B. move C. moved D. moves

16.A. the classroom B. the park C. the playground. D. the bedroom

17.A. nothing B. little C. a lot D. something

18.A. make friends B. shake a hand C. make a friend D. have words

19.A. times B. right words C. silent place. D. umbrella

20.A. understand B. see C. judge D. Decide

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