题目内容

16.The way food is labeled(标签) affects how much eat of it,according to new research.Scientists have discovered that people tend to eat more of a portion (部分) if they believe it to be regular or small".However,if a portion is termed as being"large",people tend to leave some of the food they have-been given.
Dr Brian Wansink and Dr David Just,of the Food & Brand Labat Cornell University,have discovered that people tend to eat more of an item if its size is termed"regular"than if it's termed"double size"-even if the actual portion is the same.
"If  labels are used as size information,policies governing normative (规范) names could help reduce the consumption of food or reduce waste,"the researchers wrote in the Study.For the study,researchers served participants either one portion of a lunch item,or two portions.
For some of the participants,the single portion of food was called"half-size"and the double portion was called regular",while.For the other participants,the single portion was called"regular"and the double portion was called"double size".
Researchers found that participants ate more when eating from the"regular"-labeled portion,compared with eating from the"double size"-labeled portion,even though the portion sizes were exactly the same.Dr Wansink and Dr Just also discovered that a person's willingness to pay for food was also dependent on food labels.If a food is considered a Half-size,they are only Willing to pay half the price as a"regular"portion,-even if the actual portion sizes do not reflect their labels.
Dr Wansink and Dr Just previously found that the color of a plate could influence how much a person ate.Research also found that people served food on tables with a higher color contrast (反差 ) between the plate and the tablecloth ate more than those who were served the same amount of food without an obvious contrast.
28.According to the study,we can know that people tend toC
A.eat less if they believe it to be regular or small
B.eat more when the label is double-sized than it is regular
C.leave some of the food if a portion is termed being large
D.eat more if policies government normative names are signed
29.In the research we can know thatA
A.the portion size of 2labels were exactly the same
B.participants eat less when eating from the regular labeled portion
C.a person's willingness to pay for food is not dependent on food labels
D.the use of color could influence the quantity of food people have
30.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?D
A.people should use the contrast to eat more
B.the plate and the tablecloth should be the same color
C.people will eat less when the plate is white and black
D.the use of color could influence the quantity of food people have
31.Where is the study most probable published?C
A.in the journal of Sport Report
B.in the journal of Economics Research
C.in the journal of Consumers Research
D.in the journal of Health Report.

分析 本文是关于人们的饮食与食物上的标签标注之间的关系,如果标注的是常规量或更小,人们倾向于吃的多,反之,人们会吃的相对较少.

解答 CADC
28.C  根据However,if a portion is termed as being"large",people tend to leave some of the food they have-been given.可知,如果人们认为组成部分大的话会留下部分食物,故选C
29.A 根据Researchers found that participants ate more when eating from the"regular"-labeled portion,compared with eating from the"double size"-labeled portion,even though the portion sizes were exactly the same.可知,标签上的成分部分两份样本其实是一样的,故选A
30.D 根据Research also found that people served food on tables with a higher color contrast (反差 ) between the plate and the tablecloth ate more than those who were served the same amount of food without an obvious contrast.可知,盘子的颜色对比鲜明也可以影响食物的摄入量,故选D
31.C 根据第一段The way food is labeled(标签) affects how much eat of it,according to new research.Scientists have discovered that people tend to eat more of a portion (部分) if they believe it to be regular or small".However,if a portion is termed as being"large",people tend to leave some of the food they have-been given.
可知,本文是关于人们的饮食与食物上的标签标注之间的关系,如果标注的是常规量或更小,人们倾向于吃的多,反之,人们会吃的相对较少,可知是关于消费者的文章,答案为C

点评 做阅读时经常犯错的主要原因是,仅凭读过文章后残留在脑海中的一丝印象来勾选答案,这样便很容易掉入出题人故意设布下的题目陷阱.所谓阅读理解,对于题目的理解一定要忠实于原文,因此,每一道题都应该与原文作全面的对比与核查,再得出答案.也就是说,阅读理解的每一道题目,在原文都应该有明确的出处,我们把这一出处叫做原文相关句,(1)排除与原文相关句主题不一致的选项(2)排除与原文相关句态度相反的选项  (3)排除用于过于极端或负面的选项(4)注意结合文章主旨和主题去排除.

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7.When international aid is given,steps must be taken to ensure(确保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended.The way to achieve this may not be simple.It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation.The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid.Here however rises the problem of costs.Also tied with this is time.Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.
More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster,it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times.A common proverb says,"Give me a fish and I eat for a day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime."If we follow this wise saying,it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves.For example,a country could share its technology with another.This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites.Even a small country is able to help less developed nations.Sometimes what is taken for granted,like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school,could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems.It does not cost much to share such simple things.Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site.They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves.Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.
Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills.It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses.Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned,there is also the build-up of friendships to consider.Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies.However,in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.

56.According to the author,how could international aid reach the victims in time?C
A.By solving the cost problems.
B.By solving the transportation problems.
C.By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.
D.By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.
57.What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?C
A.Providing food is vital.
B.Learning to fish is helpful.
C.Teaching skills is vital.
D.Looking after others is important.
58.The second paragraph is developed mainlyA.
A.by example          B.by process         
C.by comparison       D.by contrast
59.Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?D
A.A medical team.     B.An exchange program.
C.A water plant.      D.Financial support.
60.What can we infer about international aid from the passage?C
A.It is facing difficulties.
B.It is unnecessary during normal times.
C.It should be given in the form of materials.
D.It has gained support from developed countries.
4.This month,my 7-year-old daughter invited her friend to sleep over.Her mom,who had told me before she did not allow sleepovers,explained that she did not think the kids were ready for a sleepover until the age of 10.I then started to wonder whether there actually was a"right"age for a sleepover.
   I remember the first real sleepover I ever had.It happened when I was about 13 and a friend of mine invited me to sleep at her house.Luckily for me,her parents were not strangers.
   I think I cried for 2 months straight before being allowed my first sleepover.My parents were not completely heartless,though.I was actually sick at the time and had to take medication and they were very concerned about that,but I still did not like them saying"no".
   I remember my excitement the day before I finally got my sleepover.I could not sleep that night from the excitement.When I got there,my friend's house looked so beautiful and her parents were so nice and welcoming.
   Unfortunately though,the number of sleepovers I had throughout my childhood can be counted on two hands.And after every one of them,I realized exactly how much I was missing.It was only as an adult,when I was studying education,that I actually learned about the importance of sleepovers in kids'development no matter how old they are.
   A sleepover is one of those things every child needs experience on their own.It can do them a lot of good.
25.The friend of the author's daughterB.
A.is too sick to sleep over     
B.is less than ten years old
C.never listens to her mother  
D.has grown tired of sleepover
26.How was the author's first sleepover?D
A.It was really boring.
B.She can't remember it.
C.It was a painful experience     
D.She thinks it was enjoyable.
27.The author writes the text mainly toC.
A.explain what kids'development is  
B.discuss how strict parents should be
C.encourage children to have sleepovers
D.ask parents to keep an eye on their children.
11.Have you ever run into a careless cell phone user on the street?Perhaps they were busy talking,texting or checking updates on WeChat without looking at what was going on around them.As the number of this new"species"of human has kept rising,they have been given a new name-phubbers(低头族).
    Recently,a cartoon created by students from China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight.In the short film,phubbers with various social identities(身份) bury themselves in their phones.A doctor plays with his cell phone while letting his patient die,a pretty woman takes selfie in front of a car accident site,and a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone.A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of the world.
    Although the ending sounds overstated,the damage phubbing can bring is real.
    Your health is the first to bear the effect and result of it."Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck,"Guangming Daily quoted doctors as saying."the neck is like a rope that breaks after long-term stretching."Also,staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually,according to the report.
    But that's not all.Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family.At reunions with family or friends,many people tend to stick to their cell phones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere,Qilu Evening News reported.
    It can also cost you your life.There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death,suffered accidents,and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight.
32.For what purpose does the author give the example of a cartoon in Paragragh2?A
A.To inform people of the bad effects of phubbing.
B.To advertise the cartoon made by students.
C.To indicate the world will finally be destroyed by phubbers.
D.To warn doctors against using cell phones while treating patients.
33.Which of the following is NOT a risk a phubber may have?C
A.His social skills could be affected.
B.His neck and eyesight will be gradually harmed.
C.He will cause the destruction of the world.
D.He might get separated from his friends and family.
34.Which of the following may be the author's attitude towards phubbing?B
A.Supportive.
B.Opposed.
C.Optimistic.
D.Objective.
35.What may the passage talk about next?C
A.Advice on how to use a cell phone.
B.People addicted to phubbing.
C.Measures to reduce the risks of phubbing.
D.Consequences of phubbing.
1.Scientists around the world have been studying the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean known as El Nino.The appearance of El Nino is known to affect the weather around the world.Scientists still do not completely understand it.Yet they now find they can use it to tell about the future in different areas of the world.
One example is the work of two scientists at Columbia University in New York,Mark Cane and Gordon Eshel.A scientist of Zimbabwe(津巴布韦),Roger Buckland worked with them.They have found that when El Nino appears,Zimbabwe has little or no rain.This means corn crops in Zimbabwe are poor.The last El Nino was in 1991to 1993.That was when southeastern Africa suffered a serious lack of rain.
The scientists wrote about their recent work in the publication Nature.Their computer program can tell when an El Nino will develop up to a year before it does.They suggest that this could provide an effective early warning system for southern Africa,and could prevent many people from starving.
33.El Nino is known asB.
A.the changing of the weather in southern Africa
B.the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean
C.the weather which brings drought(旱灾)to Africa
D.the weather phenomenon that brings heavy rains to Africa
34.Scientists study El Nino in order thatA.
A.they can provide a kind of early warning to the place that will suffer from drought
B.they can tell why Zimbabwe has little or no rain
C.they can do some research work in this field.
D.they can put all this information into their computers.
35.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?D
A.Scientists come to understand how El Nino appears.
B.Three scientists from the USA work on this subject.
C.Southern Africa suffered a serious drought and many people died from hunger.
D.El Nino has something to do with Zimbabwe's poor crops.
8.My father was,by nature,a cheerful,kindly man.Until he was thirty-four years old he worked as a farm-hand for Thomas Butterworth near the town of Bidwell,Ohio.On Saturday evenings he drove his horse into town to spend a few hours in social intercourse with other farm-hands.He was quite happy in his position in life.
It was in his thirty-fifth year that father married my mother,a school teacher.Something happened to the two people.The American passion for getting up in the world took possession of them.Mother induced father to give up his place as a farm-hand,sell his horse and start an independent enterprise of his own.They rented ten acres of poor stony land and launched into chicken raising.
One inexperienced in such matters can have no idea of the many and tragic things that can happen to a chicken.It is born out of an egg,lives for a few weeks as a tiny fluffy thing,then becomes naked,gets diseases,and dies.A few hens,and now and then a rooster,intended to serve God's mysterious ends,struggle through to maturity.The hens lay eggs out of which come other chickens and the awful cycle is thus made complete.It is all unbelievably complex.Most philosophers must have been raised on chicken farms.One hopes for so much from a chicken and is so awfully disappointed.Small chickens,look so bright and in fact so awfully stupid.They are so much like people they mix one up in one's judgments of life.If disease does not kill them they wait until your expectations are thoroughly aroused and then walk under the wheels of a carriage.
In later life I have seen how a literature has been built up on the subject of fortunes to be made out of the raising of chickens.It is intended to be read by the gods who have just eaten of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.It is a hopeful literature and declares that much may be done by simple ambitious people who own a few hens.Do not be misguided by it.It was not written for you.Go hunt for gold on the frozen hills of Alaska,put your faith in the honesty of a politician,believe if you will that good will defeat evil,but do not read and believe the literature that is written concerning the hen.
For ten years my father and mother struggled to make our chicken farm pay and then they gave up that struggle and began another.They moved into the town of Bidwell,Ohio and began the restaurant business,with the tiny hope of looking for a new place from which to start on our upward journey through life.
61.Which of the following is the right order of what happened?A
a.Father got married to Mother,a school teacher.
b.Father quitted working at Butterworth's.
c.My parents launched a business in Bidwell.
d.Father socialized in town on Saturday evenings
e.My parents started their job of chicken farming.
A.d-a-b-e-c
B.d-a-c-b-e
C.d-b-a-e-c
D.d-b-a-c-e
62.By saying"Most philosophers must have been raised on chicken farms",the author means that chicken farmingB.
A.is so complex that only philosophers can comprehend it
B.gives you a philosophical insight into life
C.exposes you to a complete circle of life
D.allows you the time to judge the life
63.In the author's opinion,the literature about chicken raisingD.
A.is full of hope and positive energy
B.proves the victory of good over evil 
C.persuades you to believe in politicians
D.tends to be blindly optimistic about its rewards
64.What's the author's attitude towards parents'dream of rise to success?C
A.approving      
B.optimistic      
C.skeptical        
D.indifferent.
6.There are two basic ways to see growth:one as a product,the other as a process.People have generally viewed personal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured.The worker who gets a rise,the student whose grades improve,the foreigner who learns a new language-all these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast (对照),the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine,since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way.The process is not the road itself,but the attitudes,feelings people have,and their caution or courage,as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties.In this process,the journey never really ends;there are always new ways to experience the world,new ideas to try,new challenges to accept.
In order to grow,to travel new roads,people need to have a willingness to take risks,to face the unknown,and to accept the possibility that they may"fail"at first.How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is necessary for our ability to grow.Do we see ourselves as quick and curious?If so,we tend to take more chances and be more open to unfamiliar experiences.Do we think we're shy and indecisive?Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate,to move slowly,and we think we are slow to adapt change or that we're not smart enough to deal with a new challenge.Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow.If we protect ourselves too much,then we stop growing.We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.

26.In the author's eye,one who views personal growth as a process wouldC.
A.succeed in climbing up the social ladder
B.grow up from his own achievements
C.face difficulties and take up challenges
D.aim high and reach his goal each time
27.Which of the following can be viewed as the process of personal growing?A
A.Our manager was always willing to accept new challenges.
B.Jane won the first prize in the speech competition.
C.Jerry picked up French during his stay in Paris.
D.Father's salary rose from 5,000to 7,000.
28.For personal growth,the author is in favor of all the following exceptD.
A.being curious about more changes  
B.being quick in self-adaptation
C.having an open mind to new experiences
D.staying away from failures and challenges
29.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?C
A.It is not so easy to measure personal growth.
B.To try and fail on the new road facing the unknown is unavoidable.
C.There are only two ways to see a person's growth.
D.If you are too shy to take any risks in life,you cannot grow up.
30.The best title for this passage should beB.
A.Facing New Challenges                  B.Growth-Product or Process
C.Two Basic Ways of Growth               D.Overcoming Internal Fears.

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