Question

There are two types of people in the world．Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable．This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds．

The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, and the fine weather．

They enjoy all the cheerful things．Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things．Therefore, they are continually discontented （不满意的） ．By their remarks, they soar （提升） the pleasures of society, offend （冒犯 ） many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere．If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied．

The tendency to criticize and be disgusted （厌恶） is perhaps taken up originally by imitation． It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors．The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes．I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit．

Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck．Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that．This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments．If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success．Nor will anyone speak a word to favor their hopes．If they bring on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them．

These people should change this bad habit．If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them．

Title: Two Types of People

Although they are both healthy and wealthy and they live a 76 life, they have different attitudes.
Reasons	A.    The different ways that they 77 anything and anyone. B.   The result 78 their minds.
Characteristics of two types of people	The people to be happy think 79 of anything and anyone and they are optimistic. On the 80 ，the people lo be unhappy are pessimistic (悲观的）.
81  towards the people to be unhappy	A.    If they attempt to _82_ some advantage in rank or fortune, they will not be favored. B.    If they make themselves 83 in public, they will not be defended or _84_.
Conclusion	The people to be unhappy should change this bad habit, 85. others will avoid any contact with them.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

 comfortable

 consider

  affects

 highly/ much/ well

 contrary

 Attitudes

 obtain

 disapproved

 excused

 otherwise/ or

【解析】

试题分析：

 comfortable    原词再现。根据第一段第2行the other comforts of life。

 consider   原词再现。根据第一段第3行in which they consider things。

 affects   词性转换。根据第一段最后一行effects upon their minds把名词effect换成动词affect。

  highly/ much/ well 同义词转换。根据第二段内容说明这些人看到生活中的一切都是从积极的一面看见的，对于一切都有高度的评价。Think highly/much/well of对…高度评价。

 contrary    固定词组on the contrary指那些悲观的人的看法是完全的相反，他们很悲观。

 Attitudes    名词搭配attitude towards…对待…的态度。本行是指对待悲观的人的态度。

 obtain   词形转换。根据最后一段第4行aim at obtaining，把动名词的转换成动词原形。

 disapproved 词性转换。根据倒数第三行。If they bring on themselves public disapproval把这里的名词转换成动词的形式。

 excused    语态转换。根据倒数第三行no one will defend or excuse them．把这里的主动语态变成被动语态的形式。

 otherwise/ or 语意转换。根据文章倒数第二行．If they do not，转换成otherwise或者or。

考点：考查任务型阅读

点评：任务型阅读要求考生在文章的篇章结构有很好的理解，同时对表格的结构也很清晰。注意词性和词形的变化，也要注意同义词，近义词的转换。