题目内容

1.Hospitals not only treat infections-they can also cause them.
In the United States alone,the number of infections in hospitals is estimated at close to two million each year.About one hundred thousand patients die.
A new government report notes that very little progress has been made in reducing what are called health care-associated infections.The most common are infections of the urinary tract(尿路),surgical site and bloodstream.
Many infections have been increasing even as hospitals have made efforts to improve.About forty percent of all health care-associated infections are linked to the use of catheters.A tube is placed inside the body to collect urine(尿液),so the patient does not have to get out of bed.
But the latest report says urinary tract infections after surgery increased more than three and a half percent.It says catheters should be used only if necessary.
Another way to prevent infections is to give patients antibiotics before surgery.Doctors are advised to give them within the hour before the operation.Patients who get antibiotics earlier than one hour are more likely to get an infected surgical wound.Also,doctors are advised to discontinue the antibiotics within twenty-four hours after the surgery.The report says longer than that is usually not necessary.It can increase the risk of antibiotic resistance.
Kathleen Sebelius is secretary of health and human services.She noted that racial and ethnic minorities were less likely to have insurance and less likely to get the treatments they needed.She called the report numbers"troubling."
But she also said the health care reforms passed by Congress will improve the quality of care for all Americans.She said the new law will reward quality over quantity of care,creating a system that prevents diseases before more costly treatment is required.
49.What do we learn about healthcare-associated infections from this passage?C
A.It is a new disease that is discovered by American doctors.
B.It is not reported in other countries but the United States.
C.It is connected with what doctors do to treat their patients.
D.It is so deadly that it kills two million people every year.
50.In this passage antibiotics are used toB.
A.reduce pain                      B.prevent infections
C.shorten operation time              D.make patients sleep
51.From the last paragraph but one we know Kathleen Sebelius isA.
A.very optimistic about the situation
B.quite worried about the minorities
C.suffering from the infection herself
D.blaming doctors for their slow response 
52.What can be inferred from the passage?B
A.Antibiotics may be the most effective way to resist infection after surgery.
B.Some ethnic minorities without insurance are in need of basic treatments.
C.Hospitals are where infections are least likely to take place.
D.Hospitals have made great progress in reducing healthcare-associated infections.

分析 本文讲述了医院不仅治疗感染,也会导致感染,并指出了医院避免导致病人感染的途径,最后说到美国国会通过的医疗改革法案将改善所有美国人的医疗保健质量.

解答 49:答案 C  推理判断题.由文章内容可知,医院不仅治疗感染,也会导致感染,大约40%的health care-associated infections与使用导尿管有关,由此可推知health care-associated infections与医生的治疗有关,故C项正确.
50:答案 B 细节理解题.由文章第六段的第一句可知,防止感染的另外一个方法是在手术前为病人注射抗生素.故选B项.
51:答案 A 推理判断题.文章最后一段Kathleen Sebelius说:国会通过的医疗改革法案将改善所有美国人的医疗保健质量.新法案将更加重视保健的质量而不是数量,还将建立一个疾病预防系统,以避免(患病后所需的)昂贵的治疗.由此可知她对将来的保健状况十分乐观.
52:答案 B  推理判断题.根据文章倒数第二段中的"She noted that racial and ethnic minorities were less likely to have insurance and less likely to get the treatments they needed."可知少数民族人士很少有医疗保险,也很少能得到所需的治疗.故可推知B项正确.

点评 细节推断题是推理判断题中比较简单的一类试题,它要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点,推断出文章中具体的细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等.解答此类试题时,一般可根据短文所提供的信息或者借助生活常识进行推理判断.考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系,理解文章的真正含义,就可作出准确的推断.
对于细节推断题来说,根据文章中的关键信息点进行推断是解答此类试题的关键.考生不但要理解文章的字面含义,还要运用逻辑判断能力,推断出文章更深层的含义.同时还要根据文章内容进行推断,不能凭空猜测.考生要注意站在文章作者或文中人物的立场上,设身处地地考虑实际情景,并据此展开合理的想象和推理.主观臆断是许多考生做这类题时普遍存在的一个问题.

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9.CORVALIJS.Ore.--Engineers at Oregon Suite University have made a breakthrough in the performance of microbial (微生物的)fuel cells that can produce electricity directly from wastewater.opening the door to a future in which waste treatment plants not only will power themselves,but will sell extra electricity.
The new technology developed at OSU; can now produce 10to 50more times the electricity,per volume,than most oilier approaches using microbial fuel cells.and 100times more electricity than some.
Researchers say this could eventually change the way that wastewater is treated all over the world,replacing the widely used"activated sludge (泥浆)"process that has been in use tor almost a century.The new approach would produce significant amounts of electricity while effectively cleaning the wastewater,
"If this technology works on a commercial scale the way we believe it will,the treatment of wastewater could be a huge energy producer,not a huge energy cost?,said Hong Liu,an associate professor in the OSU Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering."This could have an impact around the world,save a great deal of money,provide better water treatment and promote energy sustainability."
The biodegradable (能降解的)characteristics of wastewater,if developed to their full potential,could theoretically provide many times the energy that is now being used to process them,with no additional greenhouse emissions.
OSU researchers reported several years ago on the promise of this technology,but at that time the systems in use produced far less electrical power.With new concepts,the technology can now produce more than two kilowatts per cubic meter of liquid reactor volume.
The new system also works better than an alternative approach to creating electricity from wastewater,based on anacrobic (臭氧的)digestion that produces methane (甲烷).It treats the wastewater more effectively,and doesn't have any of the environmental drawbacks of that technology,such as production of possible release of methane,a significant greenhouse gas.

47.What can we learn about the new technology from the passage?B
A.It can produce 100limes more electricity than any approach used today.
B.Through it more electricity can he created and water can be cleaned better.
C.It has already changed the way that wastewater is treated all over the world
D.It has opened the door to put microbial fuel cells to productive use.
48.What attitude does Professor Liu hold towards the new technology?A
A.Supportive.
B.Critical.
C Unconcerned.
D.Curious.
49.According to the last paragraph,why does the new system work better than the alternative approach?A
A.Because it is co-friendly and treats wastewater more effectively.
B.Because it can make lull use of anaerobic digestion producing methane.
C.Because it may produce less methane than the alternative approach.
D.Because it can produce 10limes the energy than the alternative approach.
50.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?D
A.The treatment of wastewater is a huge energy cost.
B.Wastewater is being treated differently over the world.
C.Waste treatment plants have found a new way to power themselves.
D.Microbial fuel cells will produce more electricity from wastewater.
16.We arrived on Christmas morning,at Bridgetown Harbor in Barbados.Our crew on the Olympia Voyager has warned and rewarned us of the dangers of exploring the 166-square mile island-country on our own.But my wife,Kate,said all she wanted to do was go for a quick swim and do a bit of walking near the harbor.Despite my misgivingswe were one of the first couples off the gangplank(跳板).
"Let's grab a local taxi and take it to a beach,"said Kate."What if we miss returning to the Olympia Voyager before she sails?"I asked.
"You worry too much."
A twenty-year rusty car stopped,and a smiling man who claimed to be a taxi driver reported he was ready to take us swimming.
"How much?"I asked.
"Five dollars,"he said.
His name was Vincent Clarke,who did not appear to have any guns or knives.
"Sounds fine,"said Kate.She started to get in the taxi.
"Just hold on,"I said."I want to ask Vincent a question or two."
"Ask me anything,"he said."I have no secrets."
"We have been told that you may take us into the hills and rob us and kill us."
"No,I will not harm you.It is a serious crime to kill a tourist.I will cost you five dollars and I promise you that I will get you back to the Olympia in plenty of time."
"Let's go,"said Kate.She got in.
We drove for about three minutes and parked at a beach,and while Kate swam,Vincent and I talked as Christmas music played on his taxi radio.Some time later,Kate retimed to the taxi.Then Vincent drove us to the power plant,and a university,and then we sped through a poverty-stricken area.When we arrived,Vincent charged us twenty dollars.Five dollars a person each way.The tour,he said,was free.
Free indeed!
I thanked Vincent for not killing us and only charging us four times his original quote(报价).
41.The author described Vincent by"…who did not appear to have any guns or knives",which showed the authorA.
    A.showed great concern for his and his wife's security
    B.intended to look for a gun or knife to defend him and his wife
    C.wanted to find out whether Vincent was a local person
    D.tried to makes his wife give up taking the car to the beach
42.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word misgivings in Paragraph 1?C
    A.mistakes.B.difficulties.C.worries.D.tiredness.
43.From the passage we know the author's wife wasB.
    A.uninterested in the trip.B.independent-minded.
    C.afraid to meet strangers         D.eager to explore the island country alone
44.The author expressed hisAin the end.
    A.obvious distrust of Vincent      B.sincere thanks to Vincent
    C.great dishonesty to Vincent      D.deep understanding of Vincent.
6.In the years that followed I often remembered the lesson Father taught me."There is more than one way to the square.Life is like that.If you can't get to the place where you want to go by one road,try another."
I knew where I wanted to go in life.I wanted to be a fashion designer.And on the way to my first small success I found the road blocked.
I was busy getting ready to show my winter fashions.Then just 13days before the presentation the sewing girls were called out on strike.I found myself left with one tailor and woman who was in charge of the sewing room! I was as gloomy as my models and salesgirls."We'll never make it,"one of them cried.
Here,I thought,is the test of all tests for Father's advice.Where is the way out this time?I wondered and worried.I was certain we would have to call off the presentation or show the clothes unfinished.Then it dawned on me.Why not show the clothes unfinished?
We worked hurriedly.And,exactly 13days later,right on time,the Schiaparelli showing took place.
What a showing it was!Some coats had no sleeeeves; others had only one.Many of our clothes were still in an early stage.They were only patterns made of heavy cotton cloth.But on these we pinned sketches and pieces of material.In this way we were able to show that what colors and textures the clothes would have when they were finished.
All in all,the showing was different.Our unusual showing caught the attention of the public,and orders for the clothes poured in.
Father's wise words had guided me once again.There is more than one way to the square always.

45.The best title of the passage isC.
A.A Wise Father                     B.A fashion Designer
C.More Than One Way to the Square. D.An Unexpected Fashion Presentation
46.What happened just before the presentation?C
A.Clothes are lost                  B.Sewing girls refused to work for him
C.Workers went out on strike        D.The author fell ill
47.The underlined sentence in the third paragraph indicatesD.
A.We felt excited                   B.We felt angry
C.We felt satisfied                 D.We felt unhappy
48.The presentation turned outA.
A.a success   B.a failure    C.a shame       D.a shock.

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