题目内容

Britons Learn to Forgive
LEEDS, England—A Leeds University psychology(心理学) professor is teaching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies.
“The hatred (仇恨) we hold within us is a cancer,” Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.
More than 70 people have become members in Hart’s first 20-week workshop in London—a course he says is the first of its kind in the world.
These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory. They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian-born Hart.
The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight.
The course ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hate in these people. “People have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness,” he said. “People confuse（混淆） forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one.” Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed.
“The main idea is to give you guidelines on how to look at various kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with, ”said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project.
Hart said he believes forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people “want to get free of the past”.
小题1:From this passage we know that      .
A．high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hatred
B．high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professors
C．without hatred, people will have less trouble connected with blood and heart
D．people who suffer from blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies
小题2:In Hart’s first 20-week workshop, people there can      .
A．meet their enemies
B．change their minds
C．enjoy the professor’s speech
D．learn how to quarrel with others
小题3:If you are a member in Hart’s workshop, you’ll      .
A．pay much money to Hart
B．go to the workshop every night
C．attend a gathering every fortnight
D．pour out everything stored in your mind
小题4:The author wrote this passage in order to      .
A．persuade us to go to Hart’s workshop
B．tell us the news about Hart’s workshop
C．tell us how to run a workshop like Hart’s
D．help us to look at various kinds of angers

小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:B

试题分析：本文介绍了Professor Ken Hart举办的以劝说人们忘记恨意而原谅别人的活动，并介绍了相关信息。
小题1:推理题：根据第二段内容"The hate we hold within us is a cancer, " Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.说明人们心里有恨，那么对导致他们患有高血压和心脏病，那么如果没有了恨意，那么高血压和心脏病也就没有了。故选C。
小题2:推理题：根据文章第三段中“People confuse forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one."和"The main idea is to give you guidelines on how to look at various kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with”说明在这个课程里人们会改变他们对待所恨的人的态度，从消极变成积极，最后会原谅他们。故选B。
小题3:细节题：根据第三段中“The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight”.说明每两个星期有一词2个小时的8-10人的活动，那么一个月有2次这样的活动。故选C。
小题4:主旨题：本文着重介绍了Professor Ken Hart组织的这样的活动，并详细介绍了这个活动的中心思想和相关内容。故选B。
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I am a writer. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language—the way it can evoke(唤起) an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth. Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them all—all the Englishes I grew up with.
Born into a Chinese family that had recently arrived in California, I’ve been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks. Like others, I have described it to people as “broken” English. But feel embarrassed to say that. It has always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than “broken”, as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, as if it lacked a certain wholeness. I’ve heard other terms used, “limited English,” for example. But they seem just as bad, as if everything is limited, including people’s perceptions(认识)of the limited English speaker.
I know this for a fact, because when I was growing up, my mother’s “limited” English limited my perception of her. I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say. That is ,because she expressed them imperfectly her thoughts were imperfect. And I had plenty of evidence to support me: the fact that people in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.
I started writing fiction in 1985. And for reasons I won’t get into today, I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “broken”, and what I imagine to be her translation of her Chinese, her internal(内在的) language, and for that I sought to preserve the essence, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure: I wanted to catch what language ability tests can never show; her intention, her feelings, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts.
小题1:By saying “Language is the tool of my trade”, the author means that ______.
A．she uses English in foreign tradeB．she is fascinated by languages
C．she works as a translatorD．she is a writer by profession
小题2:The author used to think of her mother’s English as ______.
A．impoliteB．amusing C．imperfectD．practical
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?
A．Americans do not understand broken English.
B．The author’s mother was not respected sometimes.
C．The author’ mother had positive influence on her.
D．Broken English always reflects imperfect thoughts.
小题4:The author gradually realizes her mother’s English is _____.
A．well structured B．in the old style
C．easy to translate D．rich in meaning
小题5:What is the passage mainly about?
A．The changes of the author’s attitude to her mother’s English.
B．The limitation of the author’s perception of her mother.
C．The author’s misunderstanding of “limited” English.
D．The author’s experiences of using broken English.
For a while, my neighborhood was taken over by an army of joggers (慢跑者). They were there all the time: early morning, noon, and evening. There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces. "Come on!" My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening. "You'll feel great." 
Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army. I'm not alone in my opinion. 
First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet have a real pounding (追击) ruining down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about. Jogging doesn't kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me. 
Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging. Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes  isn't my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers say, "I love being out there with just my thoughts" Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt. 
And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn't just the first week: it was practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain level, and pain isn't fun. What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?
I don't jog any more, and I don't think I ever will. I'm walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. I'm getting exercise, and I'm enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging, and I've found a lot of better ways to stay in shape.
小题1:From the first paragraph, we learn that in the writer's neighborhood _____.
A．people jogged only during the daytime
B．jogging became very popular
C．Alex organized an army of joggers
D．jogging provided a chance to get together
小题2:What was the writer's attitude towards jogging in the beginning?
A．He felt it was worth a try.
B．He was very fond of it.
C．He was strongly against it.
D．He thought it must be painful.
小题3:Why did the writer give up jogging two months later?
A．He found it neither healthy nor interesting.
B．He disliked doing ecercise outside.
C．He was afraid of having a heart attack.
D．He was worried about being left alone.
小题4:From the writer's experience, we can conclude that _____.
A．not everyone enjoys jogging
B．he is the only person who hates jogging
C．nothing other than jogging can help people keep fit
D．jogging makes people feel greater than any other sport.
A new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to shorter lives in northern China. Researchers estimate that the half-billion people alive there in the 1990s will live an average of 5 years less than their southern counterparts because they breathed dirtier air.
China itself made the comparison possible: for decades, a now-discontinued government policy provided free coal for heating, but only in the colder north. Researchers found significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.
While previous studies have found that pollution affects human health, "the deeper and ultimately more important question is the impact on life expectancy," said one of the researchers, Michael Greenstone, a professor of environmental economics at Massachusetts Institute of 一Technology. "This study provides a unique setting to answer the life expectancy question because the(heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations（含量），，，Greenstone said in an email. "Further, due to the low rates of migration in China in this period, we can know people's exposure over long time periods," he said.
The policy gave free coal for fuel boilers to heat homes and offices to cities north of the Huai Riv饥which divides China into north and south. It was in effect for much of the 1950-198,0 period of central planning, and, though discontinued after 1980, it has left a legacy（遗留） in the north of heavy coal burning, which releases particulate pollutants into the air that can harm human health. Researchers found no other government policies that treated China's north differently from the south.
The researchers collected data for 90 cities, from 1981 to 2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total suspended（悬浮的）particulates. In China, those are considered to be particulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, sent out from sources including power stations, construction sites and vehicles. Among them, PM2.5 is of especially great health concern because it can go deep into the lungs.
The researchers estimated the impact on life expectancies using death data from 1991-2000． They found that in the north, the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic meter一or 55 percent higher than in the south, and life expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age ranges.
小题1:The main idea of this passage is that＿·
A．research in China finds air pollution shortened life expectancy
B．the government provided free coal for heating in North China
C．coal burning causes bad air quality across China
D．a new study finds different particulates in South China
小题2:According to Greenstone,＿greatly contributed to the high pollution concentrations in North China.
A．power stationsB．construction sites
C．the free heating policyD．gases from vehicles
小题3:It is implied in the passage that＿·
A．coal is no longer used for heating in North China
B．air quality was comparatively better in South China
C．southerners burned coals for heating in the 1980s
D．people preferred to live in South China after 1980
小题4:The underlined word "particulates" most probably means＿．
A．dirty cloudsB．particular smoke
C．harmful dustD．dangerous bacteria
Is crying good therapy? Experts say yes. Having a good weep at the weekend is becoming more popular among office workers in China.
“I need to cry to let my feeling out,” said 22-year-old Guo Meng, a smart-looking young woman. “I remember one day when I got home I felt so down but I had no one to talk to, so I just curled up(蜷缩) with my teddy bear and cried myself to sleep,” Guo said. The next day, she said, she felt much better and life seemed not so bad after all.
Because crying is taken as a sign of weakness, people make a great show of being strong and not displaying emotion. Psychologists and medical practitioners agree that crying is beneficial for mental health but people still regard it as a sign of failure and bottle up their feelings. A famous Chinese author once said to cry is normal, and even brave. Those who display their emotions can deal with their troubles bravely after the tears dry, while those who soldier on let problems fester（恶化）.
In the Chaoyang district of Beijing, there is a special place for people to cry their sadness out. It is called “Cry Bar”. On the door of each of its “cry rooms” there is a saying encouraging people to let the tears flow freely.
“Crying is a kind of therapy, but it needs some direction,” said Milulu, a psychologist.
“People should realize the point of crying is to relieve pressure, but some of the young people who come to the Cry Bar simply sit and weep. The purpose of crying is to make it easier to improve your life after the tears dry, not to get lost in bad memories.”
Crying is only one way of relieving pressure, and we need to face problems squarely and solve them once the tears have dried, said Mululu.
小题1:Crying _____ made Guo Meng feel better.
A．with some friendB．all the night with a toy
C．during her sleepD．in bed before sleep
小题2:According to the third paragraph, people usually make great efforts to_____.
A．get rid of their sadnessB．bottle up their feelings
C．act on psychologists’ adviceD．face their troubles bravely
小题3:What should the customers do at the Cry Bar?
A．Think of every sad experience they’ve had and cry
B．Keep crying as loudly as long as possible.
C．Satisfy any desire to cry and weep until it is gone.
D．Hold back their tears until they can’t help but cry.
小题4:From the text, we can learn that crying ____.
A．is to relieve pressureB．must help to solve problems
C．means facing problems squarelyD．can’t weaken sad feelings.
Eat nuts, live longer.  Researchers have found that those who eat a handful of peanuts every day significantly decrease their risk of dying from all causes compared to those who do not eat nuts. A new study concludes that all types of nuts seem to be protective.
Researcher Ying Bao is with the Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard University Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. She and her colleagues looked at the impact of nut consumption by analyzing two huge studies that began in 1980 - the Nurses’ Health Study, which tracks the well-being of more than 76,000 women, and 42,000 men enrolled in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.
Among the questions asked at the beginning of the studies was, 'how frequently do you eat nuts?'  The information was updated every two to four years. Bao says the participants were followed for three decades.
“What we observed is that people who eat more nuts are less likely to die over the next 30 years," said Bao. "So, for example, if a person eat(s) nuts once per day, that person has a 20 percent lower risk of dying.”
Bao says eating a handful of nuts five or more times per week was associated with a 29 percent reduced risk of dying from heart disease and an 11 percent lower risk of cancer death.  A serving size is 28 grams.
Nuts contain nutrients, including high quality proteins, vitamins and minerals, all of which have anti-cancer effects and may help protect the heart.
Bao says researchers are planning studies to find out how nuts are beneficial to human health.
The study on the health benefits of nuts was funded by the International Tree Nut Council Research and Education Foundation.
小题1:People who often eat nuts ________.
A．are more likely to live longer than people who often eat fruits
B．don’t need to go to hospital
C．may live longer than people who don’t eat nuts
D．don’t have to do sports
小题2:The underlined word “well-being” in Paragraph 2 shares the same meaning as “________”.
A．illnessB．healthC．dietD．habit
小题3:About Bao’s research, which statement is true?
A．She has done the research by herself.
B．Her research was based on two studies.
C．Her research lasted about three years.
D．People should eat all kinds of nuts every day.
小题4:Eating nuts may help us stay away from ________.
A．cancerB．feverC．fluD．headache
小题5:The passage is most probably from a journal of ___________ .
A．entertainmentB．dietC．sportsD．science
You might think I'd have little in common with a camel, but we do share one useful skill: both of us can go for a very long time without water. Usually I start my day with a cup of tea, and then I might have a glass of water with my lunch and one with dinner, that's about a liter of liquid in 24 hours. It feels like plenty, but apparently it's not nearly enough.
After years of suffering headaches and poor digestion I spoke to a neurologist about my regular headaches and a nutritionist about my poor digestion, and both told me I should be drinking up to three liters of liquid a day for my body to function at its best. I decided to conduct an experiment. What would happen if I drank the recommended amount every day for a month?
The photograph of me taken the day I started this trial demonstrates(展示）perfectly and rather frighteningly what a lack of hydration does to a face. I am 42, but have to admit I look more like 52 in this picture, which is shocking. There are dark shadows under and around my eyes, which make me look exhausted, a profusion of wrinkles and strange reddish blotches, and my skin lacks any luster（光泽）. It looks dead. Even my lips look shriveled（枯萎的）. This is all classic evidence of poor hydration, apparently.
Every system and function in our body depends on water. It flushes toxins from the vital organs, carries nutrients to cells, provides a moist environment for ear, nose and throat tissues, and eliminates waste.
Not drinking enough means all these functions becomes damaged. So I decided to see how I would look and feel if I drank three liters of water every day for 28 days. The results were astonishing.
小题1:Which statement is Not True according to Paragraph 1?
A．The author drinks about a liter of liquid every day.
B．The author has something in common with a camel.
C．The author thinks she drinks enough water every day.
D．The author actually has plenty of water in her daily life.
小题2:Why did the author decide to drink the recommended amount of water?
A．Because she was very fond of doing experiments.
B．Because she was informed of the importance of drinking enough water.
C．Because her doctors forced her to do it.
D．Because she wanted to be cured of her stomachache.
小题3:The author’s lack of hydration caused the following physical responses Except_______.
A．shriveled lips
B．enough luster of her skin
C．dark shadows around her eyes
D．wrinkles and blotches on her face
小题4:According to the passage, the author most probably tends to tell us_________.
A．the more water one drinks, the healthier he is
B．drinking water makes ladies look younger
C．drinking enough water is key to one’s health
D．it’s necessary to follow specialists instructions
小题5:What will be probably written in the next paragraph?
A．The author gave up the experiment.
B．The author had his health greatly improved.
C．The author suffered a lot from the experiment.
D．The author felt very disappointed at the result.
Walking is the exercise of choice for most dieters. You don't need a gym membership to do this effective exercise. Here's how to prepare:
The only equipment you really need is a decent pair of walking shoes. What matters most is comfort. When you're shopping for shoes:
●Wear the socks you plan to exercise in. That way you'll get the best fit.
●Try on both shoes. Most people's feet aren't exactly the same size. Choose a pair that fits your larger foot.
●Allow a little extra room. Feet swell when you walk, so buy a pair with about a thumb's width between your longest toe and the toe of the shoe.
Sure, walking comes naturally. But the following tips will help you stay comfortable and get the most out of your walk:
●Look ahead. Keep your neck straight and your head held high. If you have to look down to see where you're going, lower your eyes, not your head.
●Move both arms. Let your arms swing naturally at your sides, and you'll burn up to 15 percent more calories by keeping your arms moving.
●Don't carry unnecessary weight. Some people try to get in extra exercise by carrying a couple of light dumbbells(哑铃), but fitness-walking experts say that's risky: The weights can pull you off balance and tighten muscles in your back or legs.
Walking is one of the safest activities. Still, the following tips may be helpful:
●If you're walking at night, wear a piece of reflective clothing.
●If the path is dimly lit, bring a good flashlight.
●When the weather's hot, be sure to drink some water before you set out and better take a bottle of water with you if you plan to walk quite a long time.
●If your path is rough, protect your ankles. Consider wearing a comfortable bandage for support.
小题1:According to the text, which of the following is correct?
A．Wearing a piece of reflective clothing can make you look smart.
B．Moving both arms while walking can help you lose more weight.
C．You should buy shoes with a little extra space for your smaller foot.
D．Losing weight by walking is always easy and effective without any danger.
小题2:What are possibly necessary if you walk through our town and then up a hill along a winding path on a hot evening?
a. good walking shoes      b. reflective clothing         c. light dumb-bells
d. a flashlight            e. a bandage                  f. a bottle of water
A．a, b, c, d, e, fB．a, c, d, e, fC．a, b, d, e, fD．a, d, e, f
小题3:What can be inferred about the author of the text?
A．He/She once got his/her legs injured while walking carrying light dumb-bells.
B．He/She might live in a small town with dimly lit streets.
C．He/She needs just a decent pair of walking shoes while walking.
D．He/She is quite experienced in the exercise of walking.
What time of day can you think most quickly? Are you a morning person? Or does it take you a few hours to get your brain going? A lot of recent research suggests that we should pay attention to our body clock. It can tell us what time of day we can perform best at.
Many people work best later in the morning. This is because the body’s temperature takes time to rise through the day. Taking a warm shower when you wake up can help your body’s temperature rise quickly.
But everyone’s body clock is different and some are special. Morning people will get up early and
work better early in the day. Evening people will work later but work better towards the end of the day. Research shows that we’re better at some activities at certain times of the day. Physical performance is at its best between 3 pm and 6 pm, so it’s better to exercise later in the day. 
Between noon and 4 pm, people begin to pay less attention. This is because we think less quickly
after a big meal. Research also shows we become sleepy around 2 pm. This is why people in Spain take a short sleep in early afternoon.  Finally, it is best to eat when we’re active. This allows our body
to burn calories better and stops our blood sugar levels from getting too high.
小题1:__________ can tell us what time of day we can perform best at.
A．Morning peopleB．A warm shower
C．Our body temperature.D．Our body clock
小题2:A morning people will ________.
A．get later but work better
B．work better early in the day.
C．only work in the morning
D．go to bed late every night.
小题3:What is the best time for physical performance? 
A．Between 3 pm and 6 pmB．Between 7 pm and 10 pm.
C．Between noon and 4 pmD．Between 5 pm and 8 pm.
小题4:Why is it best to eat when we’re active? 
A．Because eating makes the brain unable to think quickly.
B．Because it makes our blood sugar levels higher.
C．Because our body can burn more calories.
D．Because we are allowed to eat then.
小题5:What is the best title for this article? 
A．How can we work better
B．The best time to exercise
C．How can we keep healthy
D．The perfect time to do something

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