题目内容

For a while, my neighborhood was taken over by an army of joggers (慢跑者). They were there all the time: early morning, noon, and evening. There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces. "Come on!" My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening. "You'll feel great." 
Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army. I'm not alone in my opinion. 
First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet have a real pounding (追击) ruining down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about. Jogging doesn't kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me. 
Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging. Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes  isn't my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers say, "I love being out there with just my thoughts" Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt. 
And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn't just the first week: it was practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain level, and pain isn't fun. What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?
I don't jog any more, and I don't think I ever will. I'm walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. I'm getting exercise, and I'm enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging, and I've found a lot of better ways to stay in shape.
小题1:From the first paragraph, we learn that in the writer's neighborhood _____.
A．people jogged only during the daytime
B．jogging became very popular
C．Alex organized an army of joggers
D．jogging provided a chance to get together
小题2:What was the writer's attitude towards jogging in the beginning?
A．He felt it was worth a try.
B．He was very fond of it.
C．He was strongly against it.
D．He thought it must be painful.
小题3:Why did the writer give up jogging two months later?
A．He found it neither healthy nor interesting.
B．He disliked doing ecercise outside.
C．He was afraid of having a heart attack.
D．He was worried about being left alone.
小题4:From the writer's experience, we can conclude that _____.
A．not everyone enjoys jogging
B．he is the only person who hates jogging
C．nothing other than jogging can help people keep fit
D．jogging makes people feel greater than any other sport.

小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:A
小题4:A

试题分析：本文主要是对慢跑的思考和议论，不是每个人都适合慢跑的，选择自己合适的锻炼方式最重要。
小题1:段落大意题，从第一段的句子：They were there all the time: early morning, noon, and evening.可以推出在作者的邻居中慢跑很流行。选B
小题2:细节题：从第二段的句子：Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. 可知作者一开始想试一试慢跑，选A
小题3:细节题，从第三段的句子：First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. 和第四段的句子：Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging.可知作者两个月后放弃的慢跑，因为他觉得慢跑既对健康没有好处也没有意思，选A
小题4:判断推理题：从第二段的句子：Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army. I’m not alone in my opinion. 可知不是每个人都喜欢慢跑的。选A
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The dark chocolate is one of the favourite food choices by many.The taste is simply irresistible，the smell is tempting and the feel of every bite is surely what you are craving for.
Aside from the taste，you simply cannot resist it because it has a lot of benefits when it comes to your health.Our health is our priority(首要事情) when it comes to the choice of our foods.If you worry that the chocolate is bad for your health then here is a list of the effects of dark chocolate to health especially when taken with the right amount every day.
First of all，it contains a component called flavonoid(类黄酮) which acts as an antioxidant(抗氧化剂)．The_antioxidants_fight_the_common_signs_of_aging.The antioxidants are also good for the heart.Studies have shown that people who ate foods rich in antioxidants have low incidence of heart diseases.
Aside from the anti­aging and healthy heart benefits，the dark chocolate can also lower blood pressure and reduce bad cholesterol(胆固醇) to as high as 10%.Lowering of blood pressure in patients of high blood level is good because it will lower the risks of stroke and certain health crisis.Low levels of blood cholesterol are also good for the heart and take away the risk of blood vessels which may harden for too much cholesterol in them.
Lastly，do you know the feeling of being overjoyed after jogging？This feeling is like extreme happiness.Dark chocolates will give you the feeling of pleasure and happiness.If you are feeling that the world has turned against you，then a chocolate can be a mood lifter.It is an antidepressant.Usually when we feel so bad，we would crave to eat more food.If you are looking for something to eat during your bad moments try to take a bite from a dark chocolate and feel good somehow after it.
These are commonly the effects of chocolates to health.It can benefit you especially if taken in moderate amounts.Approximately,100 grams of chocolate or less a day is already enough according to studies.If you have taken too much，try to lessen on your other meals for the day.It is all about nutrition and taking the right amount of food in order to get the health benefits that it can provide to you.
小题1:According to the text，________.
A．many people like the dark chocolate for its taste
B．the dark chocolate is the best choice for most people
C．nobody could resist the tempting smell of the dark chocolate
D．only a bite of the dark chocolate will make you addicted to it
小题2:The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggests that dark chocolates ________.
A．are the best choices for the aged
B．are usually used as an antioxidant
C．can keep you stay young forever
D．can make you look younger than your real age
小题3:What can we learn from Paragraph 5?
A．If you are depressed dark chocolates will make you delighted.
B．If you are feeling bad you will crave to eat dark chocolates.
C．If you eat some dark chocolates you will get overjoyed.
D．If you are hungry the best food is dark chocolates.
小题4:What is the purpose of the author writing this text?
A．To introduce the black chocolate to patients with high blood level.
B．To encourage us to eat as many chocolates as we can.
C．To introduce the black chocolate and its health effects.
D．To increase the sale of the black chocolate.
Modern life is a lot les s to the advantage of friendships and neighborliness than it used to be. The average American moves every five years. People drive straight into their garages, hire lawn services, hang out in their backyards instead of their front porches (前走廊). These days, neighbors don't even know each other's names. 
Good neighbors and good friends are a lot like electricity or running water: We don't know how much we depend on them until we don't have them. In fact, the authors of a recent book, Refrigerator Rights, claim that refrigerators are signs of close relationships--after all, you wouldn't snatch a drumstick(鸡腿) from the refrigerator of a stranger.
The surprising thing is that all it takes to strengthen your relationship with friends and neighbors is respect for their feelings, concern for their property, and a helping hand when it's needed. Here's how to develop your relationships with two types of vitally important people in your life. 
_________________. A true friend doesn't flee when changes occur. The sign of a good friend is one who stays true through it all--marriage, parenthood, new jobs, new homes, the losses. Just because situations change doesn't mean the person has to.
Friendships fade away if there isn't an balance between the give and the take. So make sure you aren't being a burden to your friends. Be sensitive to how much your friend can and can't offer you--be it time, energy, or help -- and don't step over the line. Meanwhile, friendships that drain(耗尽) you will not last. If a friendship is out of balance in this way, you'll need to talk the situation through.
1. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
A true friend will stay the same even when the situations change. 
2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with a proper sentence. (Within 10 words)
3. What advice is given in the last paragraph? (Within 10 words)
4. What do you think the author will go on talking about if the passage continues?(Within 10 words)
5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese．
Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Website you've visited，Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
In fact, it's likely that some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girl friend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen ---- the 21st century replacement of being caught naked.
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it's important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.
The key question is: Does that matter?
For many Americans, the answer apparently is "no."
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found a strong bad feeling about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is "slipping away, and that bothers me."
But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny part of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths(收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will give away personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠卷)。
But privacy does matter ---- at least sometimes. It's like health: When you have it, you don't notice it. Only when it's gone do you wish you'd done more to protect it.
51. What does the author mean by saying "the 21st century replacement of being caught naked"?
A. People's personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.
B. In the 21st century people try every means to look into others' secrets.
C. People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.
D. Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.
52.What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?
A. Friends should open their hearts to each other.
B. Friends should always be faithful to each other.
C. There should be a distance even between friends.
D. There should be fewer arguments between friends.
53. Why does the author say "we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret"？
A. Modern society has finally developed into an open society.
B. People leave traces around when using modern technology.
C. There are always people who are curious about others' affairs.
D. Many search engines benefit from giving away people's identities.
54. What do most Americans do as for privacy protection?
A. They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.
B. They use various loyalty cards for business transactions(交易)..
C. They rely most and more on electronic devices.
D. They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.
55. According to the passage, privacy is like health because ___.
A. people will make every effort to keep it.
B. its importance is rarely understood
C. it is something that can easily be lost
D. people don't treasure it until they lose it
Studies show that laughter is something that makes you feel calm or relaxed for both physical and psychological wounds though it may seem futile to laugh in the face of pain and fear.
When Dan Rather interviewed comedian Bill Cosby just one week after his son, Ennis, was killed, Cosby said, “I think it is time for me to tell people that we have to laugh. You can turn painful situations around through laughter. If you can find humor in anything, you can survive it.”
Call it a flashlight for dark times: laughter just seems to adjust attitude better than anything else. Inspirational speaker Steve Rizzo recalls a TV interview with an injured firefighter a few days after 9.11．The man had fallen more than 30 stories in one of the towers and had broken a leg. Everyone was crying, and the reporter asked, “How is it that you’ve come out of this alive?” He looked at her and without missing a beat, said, “Look, lady, I’m from New York and I’m a firefighter; that’ all you need to know.”
“Everyone laughed and though the laughter was only a couple of seconds,” says Rizzo. “Sometimes that’s all you need to catch your second breath. Laughter gives you that couple of seconds. You’re sending a message to your brain, and the message is: If you can still laugh even a little among the pain, you are going to be OK.”
Of course, there is a difference between laughing off a serious situation and laughing off the fear that results. The firefighter was doing the latter, states Rizzo, the author of Becoming a Humorous Being, and so should we. “If there is anything we have learnt from 9.11, it’s how precious life really is,” she says. “We have to send a message that our spirit won’t die. One important thing that unites us is our ability to laugh.”  
小题1:The writer uses the examples of the comedian and the firefighter to show             .
A．laughter is a good way to get rid of pain and fear
B．laughter is the best way to cure psychological wounds
C．it is your attitude that decides whether you can survive the pain or not
D．laughing off a serious situation is different from laughing off the fear that results
小题2:We can infer from the passage that Steve Rizzo is             .
A．a reporterB．a soldierC．a firefighterD．a doctor
小题3:The underlined word futile in the first paragraph means          .
A．hopelessB．useless
C．carelessD．worthless
小题4:From the passage, we can know that Americans are                .
A．really inspired after 9.11B．hardly united after 9.11
C．nearly surprised by 9.11D．greatly hurt by 9.11
When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship. Having been a Straight-A student, I believed I could       tough subjects and really learn something. One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne. I was extremely interested in the ideas he       in class.
When I took the first exam, I was       to find a 77, C-plus, on my test paper,          English was my best subject. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained      . I decided to try harder, although I didn’t know what that       because school had always been easy for me. I read the books more carefully, but got another 77. Again, I          with Professor Jayne. Again, he listened patiently but wouldn’t change his      . One more test before the final exam. One more       to improve my grade. So I redoubled my efforts and, for the first time,       the meaning of the word “thorough”. But my       did no good and everything       as before.
The last hurdle(障碍) was the final. No matter what       I got, it wouldn’t cancel three C-pluses. I might as well kiss the       goodbye. I stopped working hard. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final, I even       myself to a movie. The next day I decided for once I’d have       with a test. A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A. I hurried into professor Jayne’s office. He       to be expecting me. “If I gave you the As you       , you wouldn’t continue to work as hard.” I stared at him,        that his analysis and strategy(策略) were correct. I had worked my head       , as I had never done before. I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A-plus. It was the only A-plus given. The next year I received my scholarship. I’ve always remembered Professor Jayne’s lesson: you alone must set your own standard of excellence.
小题1:
A．takeB．discuss C．cover D．get
小题2:
A．soughtB．presentedC．exchangedD．obtained
小题3:
A．shockedB．worriedC．scaredD．anxious
小题4:
A．butB．soC．forD．or
小题5:
A．unchangedB．unpleasant C．unfriendlyD．unmoved
小题6:
A．reflectedB．meantC．improvedD．affected
小题7:
A．quarreledB．reasonedC．bargainedD．chatted
小题8:
A．attitudeB．mindC．planD．view
小题9:
A．choiceB．stepC．chanceD．measure
小题10:
A．memorizedB．considered C．acceptedD．learned
小题11:
A．ambitionB．confidenceC．effortD．method
小题12:
A．stayedB．wentC．workedD．changed
小题13:
A．gradeB．answerC．lessonD．comment
小题14:
A．scholarshipB．courseC．degreeD．subject
小题15:
A．helpedB．favoredC．treatedD．relaxed
小题16:
A．funB．luckC．problemsD．tricks
小题17:
A．happenedB．provedC．pretendedD．seemed
小题18:
A．valuedB．imaginedC．expectedD．welcomed
小题19:
A．remembering B．guessing C．supposing D．realizing
小题20:
A．outB．overC．onD．off
Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物质), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.
The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.
“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”
In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.
Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.
Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.
Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.
Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog
Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.
“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.
小题1:What might be the best title of the passage?
A．Signals of air pollution
B．Safety limits of air pollution
C．Air pollution, cancer risk
D．Air pollution, smog risk
小题2:What’s the main task of IARC?
A．To focus on cancer-causing substances.
B．To evaluate the air quality.
C．To study the developing risk of cancer.
D．To send signals to the international community.
小题3:Why should the international community take action without further delay?
A．The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.
B．More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.
C．Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.
D．A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.
Britons Learn to Forgive
LEEDS, England—A Leeds University psychology(心理学) professor is teaching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies.
“The hatred (仇恨) we hold within us is a cancer,” Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.
More than 70 people have become members in Hart’s first 20-week workshop in London—a course he says is the first of its kind in the world.
These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory. They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian-born Hart.
The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight.
The course ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hate in these people. “People have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness,” he said. “People confuse（混淆） forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one.” Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed.
“The main idea is to give you guidelines on how to look at various kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with, ”said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project.
Hart said he believes forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people “want to get free of the past”.
小题1:From this passage we know that      .
A．high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hatred
B．high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professors
C．without hatred, people will have less trouble connected with blood and heart
D．people who suffer from blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies
小题2:In Hart’s first 20-week workshop, people there can      .
A．meet their enemies
B．change their minds
C．enjoy the professor’s speech
D．learn how to quarrel with others
小题3:If you are a member in Hart’s workshop, you’ll      .
A．pay much money to Hart
B．go to the workshop every night
C．attend a gathering every fortnight
D．pour out everything stored in your mind
小题4:The author wrote this passage in order to      .
A．persuade us to go to Hart’s workshop
B．tell us the news about Hart’s workshop
C．tell us how to run a workshop like Hart’s
D．help us to look at various kinds of angers
Health experts are calling for action to increase cancer care and control in the developing world. A medical research paper says cancer was once thought of as a problem mostly in the developed world. But now cancer is a leading cause of death and disability in poor countries as well. Experts from Harvard University and other organizations urge the international community to fight cancer actively, saying it should be fought in the way HIV/AIDS has been fought in Africa.
Cancer kills more than 7.5 million people a year worldwide. Almost two-thirds are in low-income and middle-income countries.
They discover cancer kills more people in developing countries than AIDS, tuberculosis (肺结核) and malaria (疟疾) combined. But the world spends only 5% of its cancer resources in those countries.
Felicia Knaul from Harvard Medical School was one of the writers of the paper. She was in Mexico when she was found to have breast cancer. She received treatment there and her experience showed her the sharp difference between the rich and the poor in treating breast cancer.
Felicia Knaul says, “And we are seeing how this is attacking young women. It’s the number two cause of death in Mexico for women thirty to fifty-four. All over the developing world, it’s the number one cancer-related death among young women. I think we have to again say that there is much more we could do about it than we are doing about it.”
Professor Knalul met community health workers during her work in developing countries. They were an important part of efforts to reduce deaths from the cancer. They were able to persuade people to get tested to prevent the illness. The experts say cancer care does not have to be costly. For example, patients can be treated with lower-cost drugs.
小题1:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Cancer – a leading cause of death in poor countries
B．What should we do in preventing and treating cancer?
C．What makes the first killer in developing countries?
D．Experts urge more efforts to fight cancer.
小题2:Felicia Knaul’s experience in Mexico shows that       .
A．many Mexican women suffer from breast cancer
B．there is not enough medicine for cancer there
C．many Mexican women can’t afford medical care
D．patients with breast cancer are treated differently
小题3:From what Felicia Knaul says, we can draw the conclusion that       .
A．breast cancer is a great threat to young women
B．people don’t pay enough attention to breast cancer
C．breast cancer is the second killer among women in Mexico
D．patients can be treated effectively in developing countries
小题4:Who plays an important part in preventing the cancer in developing countries?
A．The cancer patients. B．The health experts.
C．Community health workers.D．Young women.
小题5:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The number of cancer cases is decreasing.
B．HIV/AIDS is not being taken seriously in Africa.
C．Over 7.5 million people die of cancer every year.
D．It is very expensive to treat cancer.

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