题目内容
10．up to now直到现在．分析 up to now 直到现在
解答 答案：up to now 到目前为止； 至今； 迄今；
Up to now he's still quiet．他直到现在仍保持沉默．
Up to now，the work has been quite smooth．到目前为止，工作很顺利．
点评 对于单词短语的识记，要从词义着手，理解词性和常见用法或搭配，并能在语境中灵活运用．
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20．"Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday？"Lindsey whispers to Tori．
With her eyes shining，Tori brags，"You bet I did，Sean told me two days ago．"
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happened to be yours truly，Adam Freedmam．I can tell you that what they are saying is not nice and not even true．Still，Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School，including me．Many of our conversations are gossip（闲话）．I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people，it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction，and it can cause social pressures in a group．
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about．Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret．The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes．Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie．People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain．
If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us．Sharing the latest rumor （传言）can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't．Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the"in group．"In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority．
Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act．Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group．Translated into high school terms，this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention．The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook．
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation．The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your"juicy story"might have．
With her eyes shining，Tori brags，"You bet I did，Sean told me two days ago．"
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happened to be yours truly，Adam Freedmam．I can tell you that what they are saying is not nice and not even true．Still，Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School，including me．Many of our conversations are gossip（闲话）．I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people，it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction，and it can cause social pressures in a group．
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about．Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret．The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes．Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie．People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain．
If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us．Sharing the latest rumor （传言）can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't．Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the"in group．"In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority．
Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act．Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group．Translated into high school terms，this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention．The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook．
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation．The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your"juicy story"might have．
| Passage outline | Supporting details |
| （71）Introductionto gossip | ●Gossip is a （72）commonphenomenon．Lindsey and Tori are not （73）alone/exceptionalwhen it comes to spreading gossip． |
| Three （74）effectsof gossip | ●Gossip can hurt the person （75）concerned/involved． ●Gossip often touches on embarrassing or shameful information，which a person prefers to keep （76）unknown/secret． |
| ●The reason why many of us spread gossip is that it makes us （77）satisfiedand gives people a sense of belonging． | |
| ●Gossip strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act．If the people around you laugh at what John wore or what Jane said，then you will（78）avoidwearing or saying something similar． | |
| （79）Suggestions/Advice/Tipsfrom the author | ●If you have a strong desire to spread the latest news，think （80）twice/carefully． （1）Think about why you want to gossip． （2）Think about what effects your"juicy story"might have． |