题目内容

Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors — or doesn’t it?
　　While such vigilant(警觉的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it’s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.
　　In many cases, screening can lead to additional biopsies and surgeries to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients’ remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups. 
　　It’s hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy(预期寿命).
　　A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening- especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population.
　　It’s not an easy calculation to make, but one that make sense for the whole patient. Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational use of health care and stop talking about the rationing of health care.”
　　That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.
小题1:Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?
A．It is believed to contribute to long life.
B．It is part of their health care package.
C．The elderly are more sensitive about their health.
D．The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.
小题2:How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?
A．It adds too much to their medical bills.
B．It helps increase their life expectancy.
C．They are doubtful about necessity.
D．They think it does more than good.
小题3:What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?
A．It applies to women over 50.
B．It is a must for adult women.
C．It is optional for young women.
D．It doesn’t apply to women over 74.
小题4:Why do many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?
A．They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.
B．They want to take advantage of the medical care system.
C．They want data for medical research.
D．They want their patients to suffer less.
小题5:What does the author say is the general view about health care?
A．The more, the better.
B．Prevention is better than cure.
C．Better early than late.
D．Better care, longer life.

小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:A

文章大意：文章围绕年龄大的人应该进行常规检查防癌的这中传统做法的利弊以及最近研究人员的观点及原因解释。
小题1:D 细节理解题：Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors — or doesn’t it? 随着年龄增长，我们患癌的风险急剧增加。因此老年人应该进行常规检查以防肿瘤是有道理的。
小题2:C 细节理解题：While such vigilant(警觉的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. 尽管总的来说对癌症这样警觉是好事，但研究者们越来越质疑对老年人来说，所有这些测试是否必要。
小题3:B 推理判断题： But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained，但是每个人必须检查防癌的这个想法是如此根深蒂固。
小题4:A 推理判断题：Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves. 许多医生让进行这么多测试，纯粹是为了保护自己。cover,对应选项中的protect, 是遮掩；掩护；保护的意思。
小题5:A 细节理解题：going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better. 违背这个被舞蹈的理念：当谈到卫生保健的时候，越多越好。
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Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have but one cannot take good health for granted .It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape, eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.
Proper nutrition  is  important for good  health.  Your body cannot work well unless  it receives the proper kind“fuel"．Don't eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat, Eat plenty of foods high in protein, like meat fish eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals.  However  don't overeat It is not helpful to be overweight
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important.  If you don't get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result In a change of personality（人的个性)．Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each ,If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed ,and  your mind will be sharp．
Finally, get plenty of exercise Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining  weight  It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span（寿命)．An kind of exercise is good. Most sports excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.
If everybody were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.
小题1:In order to keep good health______.
A．we should eat a lot of sweets
B．one needs a large amount of fat
C．we must try to sleep now and then
D．people should eat according to the foods nutrition
小题2:Eating more and sleeping less_______.
A． can keep healthyB． is no good for you
C． gets you more energyD． will keep your personality
小题3:The writer explains ________in the 4th paragraph.
A． how to eatB． what to eat
C． how to keep healthyD． the importance of doing exercise
小题4:The title for the article should be“_______".
A． Eating and ExercisingB． How Vitamins Work in Man's Body
C． Staying HealthyD． Sleeping Well
Why play games? Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules…planning your next move...acting as a team member…these are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作) .
Many children’s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. Which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（协调）needed in hunting.
Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.
Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to give people hope through soccer. He created a foundation(基金会) to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.
小题1:Through playing hide-and-seek, children are expected to learn to ________.
A．be a team leaderB．obey the basic rules
C．act as a grown-upD．predict possible danger
小题2:The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can________.
A．describe life in an exciting way
B．turn real-life experiences into a play
C．make learning life skills more interesting
D．change people’s views of sporting events
小题3:According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging?
A．It makes people have a deep love for the country.
B．It proves the exceptional skills of the winners.
C．It helps the country out of natural disasters.
D．It earns the winners fame and fortune.
小题4:Iribarne’s goal of forming the foundation is to _______.
A．bring fun to poor kids
B．provide soccer balls for children
C．give poor kids a chance for a better life
D．appeal to soccer players to help poor kids
小题5:What can be learned from the passage?
A．Games benefit people all their lives.
B．Sports can get all athletes together.
C．People are advised to play games for fun.
D．Sports increase a country’s competitiveness.
FDA proposed the most sweeping food safety rules in decades, requiring farmers and food companies to be more cautious in the wake of deadly outbreaks in peanuts, cantaloupe (瓜），and leafy greens.
The long-overdue regulations are aimed at reducing the estimated 3,000 deaths a year from foodbome illness. Just since last summer, outbreaks of listeria (李氏杆菌）in cheese and salmonella(沙门氏菌）in peanut butter, cantaloupe and mangoes have been linked to more than 400 illnesses and as many as seven deaths, according to the Centers for Disease Control. The actual number of those sickened is likely much higher.
The FDA’s proposed rules would require farmers to take new precautions against contamination (污染）,to include making sure workers5 hands are washed, irrigation (灌溉） water is clean, and that animals stay out of fields. Food manufacturers will have to submit food safety plans to the government to show they are keeping their operations clean.
Many responsible food companies and farmers are already following the steps that the FDA would now require them to take. But officials say the requirements could have saved lives and prevented illnesses in some of the large-scale outbreaks that have hit the country in recent years.
In a 2011 outbreak of listeria in cantaloupe that claimed 33 lives ，for example, FDA inspectors found pools of dirty water on the floor and old, dirty processing equipment at the Colorado farm where the cantaloupes were grown. In a peanut butter outbreak this year linked to 42 salmonella illnesses ，inspectors found samples of salmonella throughout a New Mexico peanut processing plant and multiple obvious safety problems ，such as birds flying over uncovered trucks of peanuts and employees not washing their hands.
Under the new rules, companies would have to lay out plans for preventing those sorts of problems and how they would correct them.
“The rules go very directly to preventing the types of outbreaks we have seen/，said Michael Taylor, FDA’s deputy commissioner for foods.
小题1:The main task of FDA is probably______
A．to protect and promote the public health
B．to help those sickened recover
C．to research on food safety measures
D．to deal with water pollution
小题2:According to the passage, the new rules focus on_____.
A．inspecting the whole process of food production
B．improving food processing equipment on farms
C．preventing water pollution in food production
D．urging food companies to lay out plans
小题3:What does the word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Inspectors.B．Farmers
C．Manufacturers.D．Workers.
小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The new regulations should have come into practice earlier.
B．The 2011 outbreak of listeria is the most serious ever.
C．Farmers and food companies are strongly against the new rules.
D．Colorado and New Mexico are worst hit by food pollution.
As hand-held devices such as smartphones are becoming more common, users are reporting some new physical problems. Florida chiropractor Dean Fishman began noticing an increased number of patients talking about neck and shoulder pain. He discovered these symptoms were due to the overuse of hand-held devices, particularly the action of bending the neck, and then coined the term “Text Neck.” As if the painful symptoms weren’t bad enough, Fishman warns that an untreated case of Text Neck could lead to permanent spinal(脊椎) damage.
Other doctors have warned about “iPad Hand,” a condition that occurs when people use tablets like the iPad for hours at a time. Most people use their left hand to support the tablet and their right hand to tap or scroll. Doing this for long periods without changing positions can result in severe joint pain.
In order to avoid or reduce the possibility of getting Text Neck or iPad Hand, use the following basic ergonomic(人体工学的) principles:
Avoid awkward positioning. Don’t strain your neck, and stay aware of how you are positioned in relation to the device. Make sure that both your neck and shoulders are relaxed and that you aren’t leaning over for a long period of time.
Take frequent breaks when using any kind of mobile device. Many doctors recommend that users change their position every 15 minutes.
When using a tablet, use a case that can support the device on a table or your lap at a comfortable viewing angle.
Along with a case, use a separate keyboard with your tablet. This will be more comfortable since you’ll be resting both hands on the keyboard. And since you won’t be holding the tablet, you’ll be less likely to experience hand or arm pain.
小题1:What kind of product for hand-held devices does the writer discuss?
A．One for recording.B．One for charging.
C．One for telephoning.D．One for typing.
小题2:Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “coined” (Para1)?
A．cashedB．createdC．changedD．completed
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．If you are holding an iPad for long periods, it could cause spinal damage.
B．Text Neck symptoms include long-term damage in the back.
C．You are advised to lean over in relation to the device.
D．You should rest your hands on the keyboard at times.
小题4:In which magazine would you most likely find this article?
A．Personal FinanceB．Science Fiction Monthly
C．Mind and BodyD．Smartphone World
An allergy is a strong reaction to a substance. Many things can cause allergies. The most common cause is pollen (花粉), which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process.
Other causes include organisms, chemicals, plants and dead skin particles from dogs and cats can also cause allergic reactions. So can insect stings and some food.
The most common kind of allergic reactions is itchy (痒的) , watery eyes and a blocked or watery nose. Allergies can also cause red, itchy skin. Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked.
It is not always easy to avoid allergies. Drugs may offer an effective treatment. Another treatment used in some cases is called immunotherapy. A patient is injected with small amounts of the allergy-causing substance. The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops resistance in his body.
In the United States, experts estimate that up to 8% of young children have food allergies. Every year these allergies cause about 30,000 cases with severe reactions that require immediate treatment. It can result in breathing trouble and in some cases death. It is said that about 100 to 200 people will die. It is said that most of the reactions are caused by peanuts and tree nuts like walnuts.
People can also be allergic to medicines. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology says about 10％ of bad reactions to commonly used medicines are allergic. In other words, a person’s immune system overreacts and produces an allergic reaction. The most common reactions include skin rashes, itching, breathing problems and swelling in areas such as the face.
小题1:Allergies seldom occur in winter because ________.
A．plants don’t usually flower in cold weather
B．people usually wear thick clothes
C．pollen is active below freezing point
D．the weather is too cold for viruses
小题2:What will happen if one’s breathing passages get blocked?
A．It is nothing serious.B．One’s life is at risk.
C．One has to be sent to hospital.D．One is sure to breathe easily.
小题3:According to immunotherapy, the patient is supposed to________.
A．take some medicines to produce antibodies
B．have immediate operations
C．be given the allergy-causing substance until the patient develops resistance
D．be exposed to enough allergy-causing substances
小题4:The best title would be _______.
A．The ABCs of AllergiesB．The Cause of Allergies
C．The Treatment of AllergiesD．The Prevention of Allergies
When did you see a polar bear ? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps ? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These  “Polar Bears” are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3 degrees. And the water temperature was a little higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.
Doctors don’t agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body’s temperature drops so slow that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and the water tempreature is much greater in summer than in winter.
The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system (循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and could not try cold-water swimming.
The main benefits of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim all the year round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, “When I go into the water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away.”
小题1:Doctors _________ .
A．have different ideas about the medical effects of cold-water swimming
B．believe swimming is helpful both in summer and in winter
C．enourage people to take part in cold-water swimming
D．point out the possible danger of blood illness during cold-water swimming
小题2:According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that _______ .
A．Polar bears are bears swimming in freezing water
B．cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high
C．you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue
D．cold-water swimming causes more heart attack in summer than in winter
小题3:The Polar Bears like to swim year-round, for _______ .
A．it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter
B．they can stay young
C．they find it enjoyable and interesting
D．they might meet fewer troubles in life
小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the text ?
A．The Polar Bear is a club in which people swim to protect polar bears.
B．The club members are all over 60 years old.
C．There is no woman in the club.
D．None of the above.
小题5:This passage is mainly about _______ .
A．the requirements of the Polar Bear Club
B．a group of cold-water-swimming lovers
C．the Polar Bears’ life in New York
D．doctors’ ideas about cold-water swimming
Do you sleep well? Some people get off to sleep as soon as their head hits the pillow, but  many others are not so lucky. In fact, the lack of quality sleep has become a public health issue around the world. According to me World Association of Sleep Medicine, 45 percent of the world's population suffer from sleep problems. One in eight people don't sleep well and are easily woken. 7.6 percent sleep less than 3 hours each night. Some even cannot fall asleep for several days in a row.
As a basic bodily and mental need, sleep is essential for our survival, it helps us to fight diseases, strengthen our memory, perform better in work and school and improve our quality of life. Lack of sleep is known to have a significant negative influence on health, both in the short and long term. Poor sleep has been associated with obesity, diabetes, weakened immune systems and even some cancers, as well as depression and anxiety.
The World Sleep Day, held on the third Friday of March, is an annual celebration of sleep to lighten the burden of sleep problems through better prevention and management of sleep disorders.
To achieve this goal, we must figure out what causes sleepiness and sleeplessness.
Unhealthy lifestyle may be the first to blame. More and more people use cell phones and computers in bed, with many staying up until midnight. Modern technology does make our life convenient, but abuse of it ruins our health. Environmental conditions, such as temperature, noise, light, bed comfort also play an important Pole in one's ability to get proper sleep. Besides, improper evening diet, like a full or an empty stomach, coffee and alcohol all contribute to sleep problems. Of course, when it comes to causing poor sleep, stress from finances, family or work should never be ignored．
However, those who suffer from sleep disorders don't necessarily have to continue to do so -most sleep problems can be managed．
小题1:What can be inferred from Paragraph 1?
A．Nobody can stay awake for several days
B．Most people are going through sleep problems
C．Sleep problems have become a worldwide concern．
D．The majority of the world's population can't sleep well．
小题2:Which of the following is not a direct cause of sleep problems?
A．Unhealthy lifestyle．B．Modern technology．
C．Environmental conditions．D．Work stress．
小题3:What will be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
A．The harm of sleep problems．
B．Activities on the World Sleep Day．
C．Interviews of poor sleep sufferers．
D．Measures against sleep problems．
小题4:Which best describes the author's attitude to sleep problem in the text?
A．Doubtful． B．Disapproving．C．Concerned．D．Enthusiastic
（共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项是多余选项。
You may know the benefits of laughter on the mind and spirit. __1__. Norman Cousins used to say that laughter is so beneficial for your body that is like “inner jogging”.
Mayo Clinic Health Letter reports that laughter aids breathing by increasing your breathing rate. It can even help clear mucus (粘液) from your lungs. __2__. It increases circulation and improves the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues throughout your body. __3__. It helps fight off colds, flu etc. by increasing the concentration of immunoglobulin A (免疫球蛋白A) in your saliva (唾液). And it may help control pain by raising the levels of certain brain chemicals.
Furthermore, it is a natural stress reliever. Have you ever laughter so hard that you doubled over, feel off your chair, spit out your food? __4__. The good news is that you are allowed more than 15 laughs a day! Go ahead and double the dose and make it 30 times today. (You may begin to notice immediate improvement in your relationships!) Then double it again! __5__. People will enjoy being around you as well.
Laughter, it's the best medicine.
A. Laughter is also good for your heart.
B. A good laugh helps you build up you body to protect against diseases.
C. However, it is confusing why laughter makes people so good.
D. However, are you aware of how much a good laugh can help you physically?
E. A good laugh relieves physical tension and stress.
F. You cannot maintain muscle tension when you are laughing!
G. You are likely to feel better and deal with problems more effectively.

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