题目内容
阅读短文，根据所读内容在文后1—10 的空格里填上适当的单词或短语。注意每空不超过3个单词。
Why must we pay taxes? The answer is that the government needs money for many things, for example to pay its army, to build public facilities and to buy goods from abroad, and only the people of the country can supply the money.
One of the most important taxes is income tax which a person pays according to the amount of his income. Whether he is a merchant, a doctor, a lawyer, a shopkeeper, a miner, or anything else, he must pay tax if his income is more than a certain amount. This is called a “direct”tax, because it is paid in money direct to the government.
Another tax is paid on goods such as watches, jewelry, tobacco, wine, etc. When they are brought into a country, such a tax is paid as part of the price of these goods if they are later sold in shops. We call it “indirect”tax, because it is paid indirectly through the shopkeeper.
People usually complain about having to pay taxes, but they forget that the money is spent on things that they and their families need. We need policemen to catch thieves, and they must be paid what they earn; children need education and there must be schools and teachers; we want our streets to be kept clean, and the wages of men who do this kind of work have to be paid. Above all, the country must always be ready to defend itself against attacking enemies, and we cannot have an army without paying for it.
Taxes, therefore, cannot be avoided. We have no real cause to complain when we are asked to pay taxes for the good of ourselves and for our fellow citizens.
1. _______
| Opinion | We must 2. | The government needs money for many things. |
| The money 3. the citizens of the country. | ||
| Tax sources | Kinds of tax | Taxpayers |
| 4. | a person who gets income | |
| “indirect” tax | 5. | |
| 6. | to pay policemen | |
| to build schools and to 7. | ||
| to pay workers 8. | ||
| to pay 9. | ||
| 10. | Taxes cannot be avoided. | |
1．On Tax
2．pay taxes
3．only comes from
4．“direct” tax
5．the shopkeeper /shopkeepers
6．Uses of taxes
7．pay teachers
8．cleaning the streets
9．the army
10．Conclusion
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单
词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Have you heard or read stories about people who are sick and have been healed by listening to music? Is it a miracle or a successful form of medicine? Can listening to music relieve pain?
Around the world，music therapy(疗法) is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain，such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments，or to stimulate brain activity after an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.
Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing．but it also stimulates our brains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music(the different tempos，rhythms，melodies and harmonies) provokes(激发)the biggest response. Thus，classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns. Although rap or hip hop might be fun to listen to，it’s unlikely that such styles of music would produce the same kind of therapeutic effect Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people，helping relieve stress and anxiety
Have scientists been able to prove that music can heal disease? Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release endorphins(内啡肽). Endorphins are the body’s natural painkillers，and when we listen to music，our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother’s womb. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person’s heart rate. Many people are hopeful that music could replace the need for some medications(药物)that are normally used to treat certain illnesses. At present，music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals，rehabilitation centers，nursing homes，day cares，and schools.
Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment，it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. So next time you are feeling low or stressed out，put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.
| Title : Music That (1)__________ | ||
| The (2) _______ of music therapy | to treat different medical conditions and illnesses | to reduce pain |
| to (5) _______ brain activity | ||
| to overcome(6) ________ . | ||
| How does music therapy (3) ___? | Music is soothing and relaxing; it stimulates our brains; classical music is a(7) _____due to its complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument is also useful in (8) ______ stress and anxiety. | |
| Scientific proofs | Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release of endorphins. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the (9) ____ babies. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person’s heart rate. | |
| (4) ______ | Music therapy is recognized as a useful (10) ___to traditional treatment. | |
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单
词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Have you heard or read stories about people who are sick and have been healed by listening to music? Is it a miracle or a successful form of medicine? Can listening to music relieve pain?
Around the world，music therapy(疗法) is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain，such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments，or to stimulate brain activity after an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.
Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing．but it also stimulates our brains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music(the different tempos，rhythms，melodies and harmonies) provokes(激发)the biggest response. Thus，classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns. Although rap or hip hop might be fun to listen to，it’s unlikely that such styles of music would produce the same kind of therapeutic effect Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people，helping relieve stress and anxiety
Have scientists been able to prove that music can heal disease? Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release endorphins(内啡肽). Endorphins are the body’s natural painkillers，and when we listen to music，our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother’s womb. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person’s heart rate. Many people are hopeful that music could replace the need for some medications(药物)that are normally used to treat certain illnesses. At present，music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals，rehabilitation centers，nursing homes，day cares，and schools.
Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment，it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. So next time you are feeling low or stressed out，put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.
|
Title : Music That (1)__________ |
||
|
The (2) _______ of music therapy |
to treat different medical conditions and illnesses |
to reduce pain |
|
to (5) _______ brain activity |
||
|
to overcome(6) ________ . |
||
|
How does music therapy (3) ___? |
Music is soothing and relaxing; it stimulates our brains; classical music is a(7) _____due to its complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument is also useful in (8) ______ stress and anxiety. |
|
|
Scientific proofs |
Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release of endorphins. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the (9) ____ babies. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person’s heart rate. |
|
|
(4) ______ |
Music therapy is recognized as a useful (10) ___to traditional treatment. |
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后的空格内填入最恰当的单词。每格1个单词。
Many people think a telephone is a necessity. But I think it is a pest (有害的事物) and a time waste. Very often you find it impossible to escape from it. If you have a telephone in your own house, you will admit that it tends to ring when you least want it to ring; when you are asleep, or in the middle of a meal or a conversation or when you are just going out, or when you are in your bath. Are you strong-minded enough to ignore it? You are not. You think there may be some important news or message for you. I can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. Have you ever rushed crippling from the bath, or chewing from the table, or dazed from the bed, only to be told that you are a wrong number?
But you will say, you need not have your name printed in the telephone directory, and you can have a telephone which is only usable for outgoing calls. Besides, you will say, isn’t it important to have a telephone in case of sudden emergency―illness, accident, or fire? Of course, you are right, but here in a thickly populated country like
I think perhaps I had better try to justify (证明是有理的) myself by trying to prove that what I like is good. I admit that in different circumstances―if I were a wealthy and powerful businessperson, for instance, or badly ill and had to lie in bed, I might find a telephone a necessity. But then if I were a taxi-driver I should find a car as necessity. Let me put it another way: there are two things for which the English seem to show particular talent: one is mechanical invention, the other literature. My own business happens to be with the use of words but I see I must now stop using them, for I have had just been handed a slip of paper to say that somebody is waiting to speak to me on the telephone. I think I had better answer it. After all, one never knows, it may be something important.
Title: The (76) ________ | ||
Different (82) about it | Many people | It is (77) when one wants to make a call, especially in time of (78)___________. |
The author | It can (79)___ time and even be _(80)__. | |
Not everyone, _(81)___ a businessperson or a sick person who has to stay in bed, needs it. | ||
I don’t need it because my job is writing. | ||
(83) _ with it | It always seems to ring when one is doing something else or doesn’t want it to ring. | |
Almost _ (84)___ can ignore it even if they want to. | ||
One (85) ___ to answer it only to find that he is misdialed. | ||
第二卷共二个部分，请用直径0．5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域
内作答，在试题卷上作答无效。
第四部分: 任务型阅读(满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
Back to School: Why Grit(毅力) Is More Important than Good Grades?
The back-to-school season is upon us, and once again, parents across the country have loaded their kids’ backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. It’s a good moment to reflect on what else we should be giving our kids as they head off to school.
American parents are feeling particularly anxious about that question this year. The educational process feels more than ever like a race, one that starts in pre-preschool and doesn’t end until your child is admitted to the perfect college. Most parents are more worried than they need to be about their children’s grades, test scores and IQ. And what we don’t think about enough is how to help our children build their character—how to help them develop skills like perseverance, grit, optimism, conscientiousness, and self-control, which together do more to determine success than S.A.T. scores or I.Q.
There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our children’s school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills. If you’re concerned only with a child’s G.P.A., then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. With real challenge comes the risk of real failure. And in a competitive academic environment, the idea of failure can be very scary, to students and parents alike.
But experiencing failure is a critical part of building character. Recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. “Overcoming those obstacles,” the researchers assumed, “could teach effective coping skills, help engage social support networks, create a sense of mastery over past adversity, and foster beliefs in the ability to cope successfully in the future.”
By contrast, when we protect our children from every possible failure—when we call their teachers to get an extension on a paper; when we urge them to choose only those subjects they’re good at—we are denying them those same character-building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and don’t know how to overcome them.
In the classroom and outside of it, American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challenge themselves, to risk failure. In the meantime, giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.
| Back to School: Why Grit Is More Important than Good Grades? | |
| Common phenomena | ◆Parents throughout America(76) ▲ their kids’ backpacks up with snacks and school supplies. |
| ◆Many American parents don’t(77) ▲ enough importance to their kids’ character building. | |
| The writer’s(78) ▲ | ◆Parents should pay more attention to their kids’ character building. |
| Evidence and (79) ▲ findings | ◆Parents’ anxiety about their kids’ performance may(80) ▲ them from learning some valuable skills. |
| ◆Parents concerned only with a kid’s G.P.A. have a (81) ▲ to minimize the challenges the child faces. | |
| ◆Adults who have experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood are (82) ▲ and more confident than those who haven’t. | |
| ◆Denying kids character-building experiences can(83) ▲ in difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood. | |
| The writer’s suggestions | ◆(84) ▲ kids to be risk-takers. |
| ◆Give kids room to experience(85) ▲ . | |
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后的空格内填入最恰当的单词. 每空格1个单词，不得用文章中的单词。
A scientist once said that studying the stars from the earth is something like looking up at the sky from the bottom of a swimming pool. Even on the clearest night the earth’s dense atmosphere will dim stars in the sky as it screens out (遮挡) 30 percent of their light. Air turbulence (湍流) causes stars to winkle. Through a telescope, the stars seem to jump around dizzily.
Because the moon has no atmosphere, astronomers are looking forward to setting up an observatory there. On the moon, there will be no clouds to obscure the view. The sky will appear dark at all times, so astronomers can work twenty-four hours a day. Because there is not air turbulence, the stars will steady through a telescope.
Because the moon is relatively near the earth, moon-based astronomers will see the stars in familiar patterns known on earth. They will not need new star maps of the sky. Stars seen from the moon will appear to move very slowly. Because the earth rotates (自转) on its axis once every twenty-four hours, earth-based astronomers see the stars hurry across the sky each night. The moon rotates on its axis only once a month. To astronomers on the moon, the stars will appear to stand almost still. Moon-based astronomers will have much more time to focus their telescopes and take time ---exposure photographs.
On the earth, man-made radio noises jam the airwaves and interfere with the reception of radio signals from certain stars. A radio telescope located on the far side of the moon will be permanently protected from such interference.
It won’t be easy to put telescopes on the moon. However, astronomers are certain the job can be done. They are convinced that the moon is an ideal place to set up an observatory.
Title : The Reasons for establishing an observatory on the moon
| Main Comparison | Context |
| Different 71 | There is very 72 atmosphere on the moon. |
| On the earth, air turbulence causes stars to twinkle like 73 . | |
| Different 74 | On the moon, the sky will seem to be in 75 . |
| Because of clouds, there is a 76 view from the earth. | |
| Different 77 | Earth-based astronomers see stars move very 78 |
| Stars are seen on the moon to move at a very low 79 | |
| In contrast | The moon is 80 to be an ideal place to set up an observatory. |