Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential to one’s life. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.

But for many people, the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure. So in spite of all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures could be obtained(可获得的), the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33%—from 8.8 million to 11.7 million—according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America.

For those who dislike eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting(省略) breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect work,” said Arnold E. Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve work.”

Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better work is surprisingly inadequate(不适当), and most of the recent work involves(涉及) children, not grown-ups. “The literature,” says one researcher, Dr Earnest Polite at the University of Texas, “is poor.”

The main idea of the passage is _______.

A. breakfast has nothing to do with people’s health

B. a good breakfast used to be important to us

C. breakfast is not as important to us as gasoline to a car

D. breakfast is not as important as we thought before

For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that _______.

A. several studies have been done in the past few years

B. the omission of breakfast does no harm to one’s health

C. grown-ups have especially made studies in this field

D. eating little in the morning is good for health

The underlined part “nor does giving people breakfast improve work” means _______.

A. people without breakfast can improve their work

B. not giving people breakfast improves work

C. having breakfast does not improve work, either

D. people having breakfast do improve their work, too

The word "literature" in the last sentence refers to _______.

A. stories, poems, play, etc

B. written works on a particular subject

C. any printed material

D. the modern literature of America

What is implied but not stated by the author is that _______.

A. breakfast does not affect work

B. Dr Polite works at an institution of higher learning

C. not eating breakfast might affect the health of children

D. Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in London

.
Why do people work? Of course, you may have asked yourself the same question as why you have to work. “Self-interest” in its broadest sense, including the interests of family and friends, is a basic motivation(动力)for work in all societies. But self-interest includes more than providing for living or getting wealth that people usually think. For example, a sense of duty, a feeling of competing, and a pleasure in working are other reasons for working. Studies show that most of Americans would continue to work even if they have had enough money to live comfortably.
When people work, they gain a contributing place in society. The fact that what they receive pay for their work means that what they do is needed by other people and what they are doing is necessary to society. Work can also place people in the larger class of society and provide all kinds of identities (身份) for them. In the United States, it is a cruel public fact that to do nothing is to be nothing and to do little is to be little. Work is commonly seen as the measure of an individual (个人). 
Some scientists have shown some of the ways that work has effect on our lives. Generally, people who always do their favorite work are more open to new ideas and easier to get along with others, and as parents they pass these characteristics on to their children. Our work then is an important social thing that makes us know who and what we are.
64. Generally, people work for _____.
A. self-interest      B. family       C. earning a living               D. the country
65. In the passage, “what they receive pay for their work” means _____.
A. that the work of the worker is recognized by society
B. what they do is needed by other people
C. that they are a necessary part of the social class
D. That the workers are clever
66. In the last paragraph, we can conclude that the author thinks ____.
A. that work can make the worker rich
B. that work can affect their lives
C. that work can make the worker tired
D. that work can make the worker know the world well
67. The title of the passage is “______”.
A. The Identity and the Work   B. The Work and the Society
C. The Society and Individual   D. The Importance of Work

阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 1%, the death rate decreases correspondingly(相应地) by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health.

Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other. By collective activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease.

   Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or a teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.

[写作内容]

1.以约30个词概括短文的要点;

2.然后以约120个词就“努力学习,快乐生活”的主题发表看法,并包括如下要点:

(1)你赞同“努力学习也可以快乐生活”这一观点吗?简要阐述理由。

(2)举例说明你的同学是如何努力学习并保持健康乐观的心态的?

(3)简述如何才能做到努力学习并快乐生活?

[写作要求]

1. 在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子;

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

[评分标准]   概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,篇章连贯。

 

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