完形填空

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑

The other day I talked to a stranger on the bus. When he found out that I was from ________ , he told me he had a good friend who lived there and he wondered if, by any chance, I________ to know him. At the moment I thought he might be joking, but I could ________ from the expression on his face that he was ________ . I felt like saying that it was impossible to all the millions of people in Chicago I could have ________ with his friend. But instead, I just ________ and told him that Chicago was a very big city. He _________, and I thought he was going to ________ talking about the subject. But I was ________ . He was silent for a few minutes, and then he began to tell me about his friend.

He told me that his friend's main ________ in life seemed to be playing tennis. He said he was an excellent tennis player, and that he ________ had his own tennis court(网球场). He added that he knew a lot of people with swimming pools, ________ he only knew two people who had private tennis courts. I told him I knew several people having private tennis courts, including my brother who was a doctor in California---and, in fact, ________ my next door neighbor in Chicago. He said that maybe there were ________ private courts in the country than he realized, but he did not know of any others. Then he asked me where my brother lived in California. When I said Sacramento, he said that was a coincidence(巧合) ________ his friend spent the summer in Sacramento last year, and he stayed next door to a doctor who had a tennis court in his backyard. I said I felt that really was a coincidence because my ________ had gone to Sacramento last summer and had rented (租用) the house ________ my brother's. For a moment, we ________ at each other, but we did not say anything.

"Would your friend's name happened to be Roland Dickwood?" I asked finally. He laughed and said, "Yes. Would your ________ name happened to be Dr Ray Hunter?" It was my ________ to laugh. "Yes, "I replied.

1.A. Chicago B. a city C. Sacramento D. California

2.A. wanted B. happened C. went D. had

3.A. speak B. watch C. see D. tell

4.A. serious B. anxious C. friendly D. gentle

5.A. talked B. worked C. met D. lived

6.A. smiled B. sat C. thought D. talked

7.A. rose B. nodded C. smiled D. agreed

8.A. stop B. begin C. continue D. change

9.A. right B. curious C. wrong D. foolish

10.A. habit B. interest C. duty D. belief

11.A. once B. exactly C. even D. almost

12.A. for B. or C. so D. but

13.A. same B. as C. also D. well

14.A. some B. no C. more D. fewer

15.A. if B. because C. while D. when

16.A. brother’s friend B. brother C. friend D. next-door neighbor

17.A. far from B. next to C. near D. behind

18.A. stared B. talked C. laughed D. shouted

19.A. friend's B. brother's C. neighbor's D. court's

20.A. chance B. time C. turn D. moment

When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish.” I remember being even more upset then because, “I’m not a fish!” I didn’t know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does?

As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun hurts their eyes… The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.

When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like salespeople.” But it didn’t completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.

1.Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine?

A. He could not influence a fish as his father did.

B. His father was not patient with him.

C. His father did not teach him fishing.

D. He could not catch a fish.

2.According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _________.

A. in shallow water under waterside trees

B. in deep water on cloudy days

C. in shallow water under sunlight

D. in deep water on sunny days

3.After entering the business world, the author found _________.

A. it easy to think like a customer

B. his first boss’s sales ideas reasonable

C. his father’s fishing advice inspiring

D. it difficult to sell services to poor people

4.This passage most likely comes from _________.

A. a fishing guide B. a millionaire’s biography

C. a novel on childhood D. a popular sales book

For some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.

As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify识别 with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation隔离. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.

Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn’t involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors.

Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, ‘No thanks, I’m amusic,’” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”

1.Which of the following is true of amusics?

A.Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.

B.They love places where they are likely to hear music.

C.They can easily tell two different songs apart.

D.Their situation is well understood by musicians.

2.According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who __________.

A.dislikes listening to speeches

B.can hear anything nonmusical

C.has a hearing problem

D.lacks a complex hearing system

3. In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish that __________.

A.her problem with music had been diagnosed earlier

B.she were seventeen years old rather than seventy

C.her problem could be easily explained

D.she were able to meet other amusics

4.What is the passage mainly concerned with?

A.Amusics’ strange behaviours.

B.Some people’s inability to enjoy music.

C.Musical talent and brain structure.

D.Identification and treatment of amusics.

Experience the newly opened Grand Canyon (大峡谷) West Skywalk in Colorado. Departing(离开) from Grand Canyon’s South Rim(外边缘) by Airplane to Grand Canyon’s West Rim, you will land and take a ground tour to the Skywalk! Walk on air for 70 feet over the edge(边缘) of Grand Canyon West.

This Skywalk has been open since March 28, 2007. Daily visitorship to the Skywalk has been over 4,000 people. Please be patient to enjoy your moment on the Skywalk.

After you have experienced the one and only Grand Canyon Skywalk Glass Bridge, you will return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and take your Airplane for a flight back to the South Rim of the Canyon. This is a tour never to be forgotten as you will have walked on air over the Grand Canyon.

Tour Itinerary (行程)

Tour Duration(持续时间)

5.7 Hours

The Grand Canyon Adventure Skywalk

Flight from Grand Canyon South Rim to Grand Canyon West

1 Hour

Experience a bird’s-eye view of the Grand Canyon as you make your way to Grand Canyon West.

Light Lunch at Guano Point at Grand Canyon West

2 Hours

You’ll be taken by bus to Guano Point with breathtaking(令人惊叹的) views of the western part of the Grand Canyon where the Calorado River makes its way into Lake Mood. Every table for lunch has a view.

Walk on the World Famous Skywalk

1.5 Hours

Finally you’ll board(登上) your bus to Eagle Point, home of the Grand Canyon Skywalk. Now it is time for you to walk on air for 70 feet over the Grand Canyon.

Flight Back to Grand Canyon South Rim

1.2 Hours

After time on the Skywalk, you’ll return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and return to Grand Canyon South Rim in time for dinner and sunset.

1.This advertisement is for __________.

A. Grand Canyon West B. Grand Canyon South

C. the Skywalk D. Grand Canyon

2. The package fee does NOT cover the cost of _______.

3. The Grand Canyon Skywalk Bridge is made of glass because ______.

A. it looks stranger B. it gives you a better view

C. it looks more beautiful D. it is cheaper to build

4.According to the Tour Itinerary, the route is ______.

A. South Rim→Guano Point→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim

B. South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→Guano Point→South Rim

C. South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→Guano Point→West Airport→South Rim

D. South Rim→West Airport→Guano Point→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim

D

A four-year-old girl sees three biscuits divided between a stuffed crocodile and a teddy bear.The crocodile gets two; the bear one.“Is that fair?” asks the experimenter.The girl judges that it is not.“How about now?” asks the experimenter, breaking the bear’s single biscuit in half.The girl cheers up: “Oh yes, now it’s fair.They both have two.” Strangely, children feel very strongly about fairness, even when they hardly understand it.

Adults care about fairness too --- but how much? One way to find out is by using the ultimatum (最后通牒) game, created by economist Werner Guth.Jack is given a pile of money and proposes how it should be divided with Jill.Jill can accept Jack’s “ultimatum”, otherwise the deal is off, and neither gets anything.

Suppose Jack and Jill don’t care about fairness, just about accumulating cash.Then Jack can offer Jill as little as he likes and Jill will still accept.After all, a little money is more than no money.But imagine, instead, that Jack and Jill both care only about fairness and that the fairest outcome is equality.Then Jack would offer Jill half the money; and Jill wouldn’t accept otherwise.

What happens when we ask people to play this game for real? It turns out that people value fairness a lot.Anyone offered less than 20-30% of the money is likely to reject it.Receiving an unfair offers makes us feel sick.Happily, most offers are pretty equitable; indeed, by far the most common is a 50-50 split.

But children, and adults, also care about a very different sort of (un)fairness, namely cheating.Think how many games of snakes and ladders have ended in arguments when one child “accidentally” miscounts her moves and another child objects.But this sense of fairness isn’t about equality of outcome: games inevitably have winners and losers.Here, fairness is about playing by the rules.

Both fairness-as-equality and fairness-as-no-cheating matter.Which is more important: equality or no-cheating? I think the answer is neither.The national lottery(彩票), like other lotteries, certainly doesn’t make the world more equal: a few people get rich and most people get nothing.Nevertheless, we hope, it is fair --- but what does this mean? The fairness-as-no-cheating viewpoint has a ready answer: a lottery is fair if it is conducted according to the “rules”.But which rules? None of us has the slightest idea, I suspect.Suppose that buried in the small print at lottery HQ is a rule that forbids people with a particular surname (let’s say, Moriarty).So a Ms Moriarty could buy a ticket each week for years without any chance of success.

How would she react if she found out? Surely with anger: how dare the organisers let her play, week after week, without mentioning that she couldn’t possibly win! She’d reasonably feel unfairly treated because ___________________.

To protest(抗议) against unfairness, then, is to make an accusation of bad faith.From this viewpoint, an equal split between the crocodile and the bear seems fair because (normally, at least), it is the only split they would both agree to.But were the girl to learn that the crocodile doesn’t like biscuits or that the bear isn’t hungry, I suspect she’d think it perfectly fair for one toy to take the whole.Inequality of biscuits (or anything else) isn’t necessarily unfair, if both parties are happy.And the unfairness of cheating comes from the same source: we’d never accept that someone else can unilaterally(单方面地) violate agreements that we have all signed up to.

So perhaps the four-year-old’s intuitions(直觉) about fairness is the beginnings of an understanding of negotiation.With a sense of fairness, people will have to make us acceptable offers (or we’ll reject their ultimatums) and stick by the (reasonable) rules, or we’ll be on the warpath.So a sense of fairness is crucial to effective negotiation; and negotiation, over toys, treats etc, is part of life.

1.It can be inferred that in the ultimatum game, _____.

A.Jack keeps back all the money

B.Jill can negotiate fair division with Jack

C.Jack has the final say in the division of money

D.Jill has no choice but to accept any amount of money

2.From Paragraph 2 to 4, we can conclude _____.

A.people will sacrifice money to avoid unfairness

B.fairness means as much to adults as to children

C.something is better than nothing after all

D.a 30-70 split is acceptable to the majority

3.Which of the following does fairness-as-no-cheating apply to?

A.divisions of housework

B.favoritism between children

C.banned drugs in sport

D.schooling opportunities

4.Which of the following best fits in the blank in Paragraph 7?

A.the lottery didn’t follow the rules

B.she was cheated out of the money

C.the lottery wasn’t equal at all

D.she would never have agreed to those rules

5.The chief factor in preventing unfairness is to _____.

A.observe agreements

B.establish rules

C.strengthen morality

D.understand negotiation

6. The main purpose of the passage is to ______

A.declare the importance of fairness

B.suggest how to achieve fairness

C.present different attitudes to fairness

D.explain why we love fairness

MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) are free, but without tutoring, and are open to anyone, anywhere in the world. The courses are flexible – normally three to five hours of study a week – done at any time, short (5 to 10 weeks) and video-rich. They are also heavily dependent on crowd sourcing: you can discuss a course with fellow students through online forums, discussion boards and peer review. Students don't have to finish the courses, pass assessments or do assignments, but, if they do, they get a certification of participation.

The Open University launched FutureLearn, the UK's answer to US platforms such as Coursera, EdX and Udacity, which have been offering MOOCs from top US universities for the past two years. The response has been incredible, with more than three million people registering worldwide. Meanwhile, in 2012, Edinburgh University became the first non-US institution to join Coursera's partnership, comprising 13 universities. “We already run 50 online master's degrees, so this was a logical expansion,” says Professor Jeff Haywood, Edinburgh's vice-principal. “It's an investment in teaching methods research. How am I going to teach introductory philosophy to 100,000 people? That's what I call educational R&D.” He adds “If you look ahead 10 years, you'd expect all students graduating to have taken some online courses, so you've got to research that. Our MOOCs are no more in competition with our degrees than a lifelong learning course because they don't carry credits.”

Cooperation is key, Haywood stresses. It is far better to offer 20-30 courses in your own areas of expertise (专门技能) and let other institutions do likewise. Professor Mike Sharples, FutureLearn's academic lead, goes further: “We've tied the elements available before into a package of courses offered by leading universities worldwide on a new software platform, with a new way of promoting it and also a new social-learning teaching method. You won't just receive an exam, but be able to discuss and mark each other's assignments.”

Bath University, one of more than 20 universities working with FutureLearn, launches its first course, Inside Cancer, next January, and regards MOOCs as a way of breaking down age barriers. "There's no reason why someone doing GCSEs should not look at our MOOCs and get quite a way through them, or someone at PhD level and beyond," says Professor Bernie Morley, expert for learning and teaching.

1.MOOCs have these features EXCEPT that ___________.

A. MOOCs have a platform for learners to share their learning experience

B. MOOCs provide teachers’ instructions if you have some difficulty

C. MOOCs can be adjusted according to people’s learning pace

D. MOOCs are free of charge for anyone

2.The response to Future Learn has been thought to be unbelievable mainly because ___________.

A. all the courses on the platform are available to anyone in the world

B. the number of people registering in the platform is beyond expectation

C. Edinburgh University became the first non-US institution to join it

D. students can get a certification of participation without passing assessments

3.What can be inferred from Professor Bernie Morley in the last paragraph?

A. MOOCs are not so competitive as lifelong learning courses due to the problems of credits.

B. Inside Cancer will be the most popular course for someone doing GCSEs.

C. People at PhD level have already known everything about MOOCs.

D. People with various learning levels will probably show interest in MOOCs.

4.The passage mainly deals with ___________.

A. the advantages of online teaching methods

B. the various opinions on FutureLearn

C. the appearance of a new learning platform

D. the popularity of no-credit courses

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