Question

【题目】 Driving while talking on the phone increases the likelihood of an accident and is actually more dangerous than driving drunk, U.S. researchers report. This holds true whether the driver is holding a cell phone or using a handsfree device.

“As a society, we have agreed on not tolerating the risk associated with drunk driving,”said researcher Frank Drews, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah.“This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk — cell phones actually are a higher risk,”he said.

In the study, 40 people followed a pace car along a prescribed course, using a driving simulator （模拟仪）. Some people drove while talking on a cell phone, others drove while drunk（meaning their blood-alcohol limit matched the legal limit of 0.08 percent）, and others drove with no such distractions. The researchers found an increased accident rate when people were conversing on the cell phone. Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an accident.

The bottom line: Cellphone use was linked to“a significant increase in the accident rate,” Drews said.

The phone users did even worse than the inebriated, the Utah team found. There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones — all of them involving a rearending（追尾） of the pace car. In contrast, there were no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk.

In response to safety concerns, some states have declared it illegal to use hand held cell phones while driving. But that type of law may not be effective, because the Utah researchers found no difference in driver performance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a handsfree model.

“We have seen again and again that there is no difference between handsfree and handheld devices,”Drews said.“The problem is the conversation. The best solution to the problem is obvious: Don’t talk on the phone while you are driving. ”

【1】Which group of drivers performed worst in the study?

A.Those phone users.

B.Those who are drunk.

C.Those following a pace car.

D.Those with hearing problems.

【2】What does the underlined phrase“the inebriated”in paragraph 5 refer to?

A.The drunk drivers.

B.The researchers.

C.The cellphonefree drivers.

D.The Utah team.

【3】What can be concluded from the last two paragraphs?

A.Driver performance has nothing to do with the use of mobile phones.

B.It is timely to ban the use of handheld phones while driving.

C.The Utah researchers find the traffic safety law works as well as before.

D.Talking on the phone while driving should be avoided.

【4】In which section of a newspaper is this text from?

A.Sports.

B.Economy.

C.Society.

D.Entertainment.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】A

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要就司机在驾驶途中拨打或接听电话这一现象可能会造成的一些问题进行了研究和探讨。

【1】细节理解题。由第三段The researchers found an increased accident rate when people were conversing on the cell phone. Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an accident.可知，研究人员发现，当人们打电话时，事故率会增加。使用手机的司机发生交通事故的可能性要高出5.36倍。所以开车打电话的司机在研究中表现最差。故选A项。

【2】词义猜测题。由第五段There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones — all of them involving a rearending（追尾） of the pace car. In contrast, there were no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk.可知，在那些打电话的人当中有三起事故ーー所有这些事故都涉及到跑车的追尾。 相比之下，在喝醉的参与者中没有事故记录。由此判断出这里是打电话的驾驶员和那些醉酒的驾驶员作对比，可推出此处the inebriated 指代的是醉酒驾驶者。故选A项。

【3】推理判断题。由最后一段The best solution to the problem is obvious: Don’t talk on the phone while you are driving. 可知，解决这个问题的最好办法很明显：开车时不要打电话。由此判断出从最后两段可以得出的结论是开车时不要打电话。故选D项。

【4】推理判断题。本文讲述研究表明开车打电话比酒后驾车更糟。由此判断出此篇属于社会现象类的短文，这篇文章来自报纸的社会版面。故选 C项。

由上下文的语境是解决词义猜测题的重要解题方法。划线词的意思往往是我们要猜测的意思。我们可以通过已知的上下文的词汇或者句子来猜测未知的意思。

由第五段There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones — all of them involving a rearending（追尾） of the pace car. In contrast, there were no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk.可知，在那些打电话的人当中有三起事故ーー所有这些事故都涉及到跑车的追尾。 相比之下，在喝醉的参与者中没有事故记录。由此判断出这里是打电话的驾驶员和那些醉酒的驾驶员作对比，可推出此处the inebriated 指代的是醉酒驾驶者。故小题2选A项。