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1. After a fourhour hard and long climb,                    and we were soon to get to it. (within)

在四个小时艰苦而漫长的攀登之后，山顶已经在望，我们很快就要到了。

1. the top of the mountain was within sight

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iy China's first aircraft carrier began sea trials Wednesday,marking a milestone in the country's rapid military modernization and longterm strategy to challenge U. S. military su?premacy in Asia and project power far beyond Chinese shores.

The 300-meter-long carrier,based on an empty hull bought from Ukraine,sounded its horn three times as it ploughed through the morning fog around Dalian and headed out to sea,accord?ing to one witness writing on the military microblog of the staterun Xinhua News Agency.

The carrier,featuring its original skijump runway to launch fighters and a new engine and radar equipment,has been undergoing refurbishment (重新装备) for the last decade in the north?eastern port.

Xinhua said the sea trials " would not take a long time”，without giving details of the exact duration or say what sort of tests would be carried out. " After returning from the sea trial,the aircraft carrier will continue refit and test work," it said.

The provincial Maritime Safety Authority said on its web site that all vessels will be barred (被禁止的) from entering a small section of sea off Dalian until 6 p. m. local time Aug. 14.

The launch had long been expected as final preparations of the vessel―which has yet to be named by China ― were visible from many points around Dalian and had been regularly photographed and documented online by amateur enthusiasts.

A Chinese company purchased the empty hull of a carrier called the Varyag from Ukraine in 1998 on the understanding that it would be used as a floating casino,but it was later towed (4& 曳) to Dalian via the Black Sea,the Mediterranean and the Straits of Malacca.

China officially acknowledged only last month that it was refurbishing the vessel,and tried to ease regional concerns by saying it would be used for "research,experiments and training" and would take a long time to become fully operational.

China is the only one of the five permanent members of the U. N.Security Council,which includes theU. S.，Britain,FranceandRussia,without an operational carrier.IndiaandThai?landhave a carrier each,whileJapanhas one that carries helicopters.

(   ) 1. The underlined word "milestone" in the first paragraph most probably means

   A. a significant event in one's life or in a project

   B. a special stone in a mile

   C. making an important discovery

   D. a mark showing the boundary of a piece of land

(   ) 2. Which of the following does the passage NOT cover?

   A. A Chinese company purchased the empty hull fromUkraineas a floating casino.

   B. The first aircraft carrier ofChinais already under construction at a shipyard in Shanghai.

   C. This aircraft carrier has not been named at present.

   D. Chinais one of the five permanent members of the U. N. Security Council.

(   ) 3. What can be inferred from the last but one paragraph?

   A. China officially acknowledged that it was refurbishing the carrier.

   B. "Research,experiments and training" are the purpose of this sea trial.

   C. Though intending to own its aircraft carrier,Chinawould not threat or challenge any country purposely.

   D. Chinastill has a long way to go to make the carrier fully operational.

(   ) 4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

   A. China Starts Aircraft Carrier Sea Trial

   B. China Has Built Its First Aircraft Carrier

   C. China Would Take a Long Time Sea Trials This Time

   D. China Has Already Developed a Fully Operational Carrier Group

6.                  not lend us a hand,but he also made a lot of troubles.

(not only)

他不但没有帮助我们，相反却给我们制造了许多困难。

In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it high?ly,believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad;that it sets one. person against another;that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them,playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their singleminded pursuit (追求) of success; the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

However,while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed,others take an opposite atti?tude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players,they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people,I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying,they always have an excuse："I may have lost. But it doesn't matter because I really didn't try. " What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost,that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly,this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.

(   ) 5. What is the main meaning of this passage?

   A. Some people value competition highly to set up selfrespect.

   B. People have different opinions about competition.

   C. Competition sets one person against another.

   D. Some people seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success.

(   ) 6. Why do some people think highly of competition according to the passage?

   A. It does good to push society forward.

   B. It helps to gain selfrespect.

   C. It improves personal life attitude.

   D. It strengthens personal relationship.

(   ) 7. The true competitors also have a wrong belief that they think        .

   A. one's worth lies in how well one performs compared with others

   B. one's success in competition needs great responsibility

   C. competition is the only way to prove themselves

   D. other human qualities are not fully necessary

(   ) 8. Which of the following can best describe the writer's point of view?

   A. Everyone should try to win or achieve success in competition.

   B. Different opinions towards competition should be encouraged.

   C. Playing well and winning are really a life-and-death matter.

   D. Trying though losing is quite a different matter from even not doing anything.

6. All the radioactive materials                which can be deadly at high levels (give)

所有这些放射性材料都放出有害的能致人死的射线。

When I was 17 ,I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last,someday you'll most certainly be right. " It made an impression on me,and since then,for the past 33 years,I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself："If to?day was the last day of my life,would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And when?ever the answer has been "no" for too many days in a row,I know I need to change something.

Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external (夕卜表的) expecta?tions,all pride,all fear of embarrassment or failure―these things just fall away in the face of death,leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.

About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning,and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas (肢腺) .I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable,and that I should ex?pect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order,which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure that everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.

I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy (活体检视) ，where they stuck an endoscope (内窥镜) down my throat,through my stomach and into my intestines (肠) ， put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated (麻醉) ，but my wife,who was there,told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope,the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.

(   ) 5. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

   A. After the surgery,the writer is now fully recovered from his illness.

   B. Before the surgery,the writer knows it is hard for him to be well again.

   C. During the surgery,the writer feels quite lucky the cancer is curable.

   D. When the writer had the surgery,he is sure that cancer is nothing to fear.

(   ) 6. The underlined words "get my affairs in order" in the third paragraph most probably means         .

   A. put my things in the case in order

   B. have my things packed in order

   C. arrange everything in proper trim

   D. replace something as planned

(   ) 7. Which of the following words best describes the author's attitude towards his cancer?

   A. Disordered. B. Depressed. C. Disturbed. D. Deliberated.

(   ) 8. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?

   A. Cherish Life and Make It Meaningful

   B. Appreciate Life and Pursuit What is Important

   C. Understand Life and Ignore Any Kinds of Illness

   D. Treasure Life and Enjoy Every Minute of It

Efforts to educate people about the risks of substance abuse (毒品滥用) seem to deter (阻止) some people from using dangerous substances,if such efforts are realistic about what is genuine?ly (真正地) dangerous and what is not. Observed declines in the use of such drugs as LSD(摇头丸) ，PCP(迷幻药) ，and Quaalude (安眠酮) since the early 1970s are probably related to in?creased awareness of the risks of their use,and some of this awareness was the result of warn?ings about these drugs in " underground" papers read by drug users. Such sources are influential (有4艮大的影响) ，because they do not give a simple " all drugs are terrible for you" message. Drug users know there are big variations (变化) in danger among drugs,and antidrug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed. This is illustrated by the popularity among young marijuana (大麻) users of Reefer Madness,a widely unrealistic propaganda (宣传) film against marijuana made in the 1930s. This film made the rounds of college campuses in the 1970s and joined rock music videos on cable television's MTV in the 1980s. Instead of deterring mari?juana use,it became a cult (风靡一时的) film among users,many of whom got high to watch it.

Although persuasion can work for some people if it is balanced and reasonable,other peo?ple seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts. Millions have started smoking even though the considerable health risks of smoking have been well known and publicized for years. Moreover,the usefulness of education lies in primary prevention：prevention of abuse among those who presently have no problem. Hence,Bomier's contention (看法，观点) that "if the Pepsi generation can be persuaded to drink pop wine,they can be persuaded not to drink it while driv?ing" is probably not correct,since most drunken driving is done by people who already have significant drinking problems,and hence seem not to be dissuaded (劝阻) even by much stronger measures such as loss of a driver's license.

(   ) 5. The purpose of the passage is to show that the author thinks antidrug education

   A. has made all people see the danger of drugs

   B. has succeeded in dissuading people from using drugs

   C. has been effective only to a certain degree

   D. has proved to be a total failure

(   ) 6. What is the main reason to stop some people from using drugs?

   A. Efforts to reduce drug using.

   B. Increased awareness and warning of the risk of their use.

   C. Punishments seem to be an effective way.

   D. Primary prevention is a useful method.

(   ) 7. The message "all drugs are terrible for you" is not influential because         .

   A. it ignores the fact that drugs vary greatly in danger

   B. it gives a false account of the risks of drug use

   C. some drugs are good for health

   D. it does not appear in underground papers

(   ) 8. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

   A. Are All Drugs Terrible for You?

   B. Do People Believe What Underground Papers Say?

   C. Is There an Increased Awareness of the Risks of Drugs?

   D. Can Persuasion Reduce Drug Abuse?

6.                that city people there hand their wet clothes across streets. (sight)

城里人横街晾晒湿衣服真是个令人惊讶的景象。

3. As the parents had five children,life was a perpetual         . (struggle)

由于父母已经有了五个孩子，生活就是同贫困作无止境的搏斗。

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